The art of breeding Canadian barley: past, present and future

Transcription

1 The art of breeding Canadian barley: past, present and future A. Badea, W.G. Legge, B. Harvey, B. Rossnagel, A. Beattie, D. Falk, A. Navabi, J. Helm, F. Capettini, P. Juskiw, J. Nyachiro, T.M. Choo, and R. Khanal Winnipeg, June 25-28, 2017

2 University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program Focus has been on 6-row feed barley higher yield better lodging resistance with high straw yield larger grain and higher test weight better disease resistance in humid environment powdery mildew leaf rust net blotch BYDV FHB Diversity of germplasm incorporated into breeding program and resulting 6-row and 2-row lines from such crosses.

3 University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program Breeding Methods : pure line selection from landraces s: hybridization and selfing to develop pure lines (Huntley, Reinbergs) 1960 s-1990 s: shuttle breeding to Mexico and California and Bulbosum-based Doubled Haploids (Reinbergs, Kasha) 1990 s-2010 s: shuttle breeding to California combined with male sterility for accelerated recurrent selection (RIPE) (Falk) 2014-present: traditional crossing and single seed descent (Navabi) Harvested F 3 single plants in California which will give enough seed for F 4 yield trials back in Ontario Diversity of F 4 yield plots in Ontario

4 Results of RIPE in University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program Significant improvement in all selected parameters More than 50 varieties supported for Registration by the Ontario Cereal Crops Committee 70% (25/36) of top 3 lines in Performance Trials across Ontario % (15/18) of lines with index of >110% in Performance Trials across Ontario Majority of Ontario barley acres sown to Guelph varieties Incorporation of H. spontaneum into elite parental lines/crosses Dr. Duane Falk

5 University of Guelph Barley Breeding Program: Present Focus has evolved toward 2-row malting barley Most basic goals similar, with addition of malting attributes Increase testing of diverse barley genotypes (Navabi) Introduction of new barley germplasm (Navabi) Development of large mutant population to target trait development (Lukens) Development of TILLING population for studies of important traits in barley (Lukens) Dr. Ali Navabi Dr. Lewis Lukens

6 FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Brief History Poster courtesy of Erin Collier, FCDC Lacombe

7 FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Breeding Objectives and Methodology Improved quality Earliness Higher yield Improved lodging resistance Improved barley variety Disease resistance Modified bulk breeding method Pressure put on bulks to move them in desired direction Selections made in F 5 -F 7 Headrows to yield trials Use of California winter nursery Molecular Marker Assisted Selection Double Haploid Production Mutagenesis and selection General view of the California winter nursery (A) and head selections in California (B)

8 FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Present Increased in barley program size to ~200 crosses per year Organized in pre-breeding and variety development programs Expedited the breeding cycle, from to 8-9 years Extensive use of winter nurseries Maximized the use of controlled environments Single seed descent Decreased the 6-row and hulless programs Increased the 2-row malting, feed, forage Focused the food program Increased marker assisted selection Genomic selection

9 FCDC Barley Breeding Program: Varieties Developed Variety Year Characteristics Empress row feed Abee row feed Condor row hulless Falcon row hulless semi-dwarf Bentley row malt Amisk row feed Canmore row food/forage Lowe row malt

10 FCDC Staff: Present

11 U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program: Early Years Manley Champlin ( ) & James Harrington ( ) Pure line selections ( Hannchen ), introductions ( Trebi ) and hybridization ( Rex 1937) 6-row feed type focused on yield, earliness and test weight Len Shebeski ( ) & Ed Larter ( ) Hybridization ( Husky 1953; Jubilee 1960) and mutation breeding 6-row feed type focused on yield, earliness and disease resistance (stem rust and smuts)

12 U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program John Berdahl ( ) 6R feed type focused on yield, earliness and disease resistance Bryan Harvey ( ) Hybridization, off-season nursery 2-row malt type ( Harrington 1981; Manley 1990; Stein 1992; CDC Kendall 1999; CDC Copeland 1999) focused on yield, earliness, straw strength, test weight and plumpness, disease resistance (stem rust, smuts, net blotch, spot blotch, FHB, scald) and malt quality (both high and low enzyme types) 6-row malt type ( CDC Clyde 2004; CDC Mayfair 2008)

13 U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program Brian Rossnagel ( ) Hybridizations, doubled haploidy, SSD, off-season nursery, molecular markers 2-row feed and forage types ( Deuce 1986; Dolly 1994; CDC Cowboy 2004; CDC Austenson 2012) focused on yield, straw strength, test weight, disease resistance (stem rust, smuts, net blotch, spot blotch, FHB, scald), forage quality Hulless feed ( Scout 1982; CDC McGwire 1999), food ( CDC Candle 1994; CDC Fibar and CDC Rattan 2003) and malting ( CDC Clear 2012) types focused on yield, straw strength, hull adherence, disease resistance, food quality (high BG or amylose) or malt quality (high extract) 2-row malt types ( CDC Meredith 2008; CDC PolarStar 2008; CDC Kindersley 2010)

14 U of S/CDC Barley Breeding Program: Current and Future Aaron Beattie (2010-) Hybridizations, doubled haploidy, SSD, offseason nursery, molecular markers, genomic selection 2-row malt types ( CDC Bow 2015; CDC Fraser 2016; CDC Goldstar 2017) additional malt quality target associated with craft brewing 2-row feed and forage types same traits as previous Hulless food ( CDC Ascent 2016) and malting types additional black aleurone food type

15 ORDC Barley Breeding Program Island AAC Azimuth AAC Starbuck AC Minoa Dr. Alek Choo Dr. Raja Khanal

16 BRDC Barley Breeding Programs: Early Years Prior to 1924: - only demonstration work on barley S. J Sigfusson ( ) mandate was to develop barley varieties suited to western Canada A.J. (Al) Klassen ( ) R.I. (Bob) Wolfe ( ) barley genetics and disease resistance with focus on feed barley K.W. (Ken) Campbell ( ) malting barley; focused on crosses between 2-row and 6-row and DH production Walter Johnston ( ) Examples of cultivars released: Plush, Parkland, Conquest, Bonanza, Bedford Dick Metcalfe ( in Brandon in Winnipeg)

17 BRDC Barley Breeding Programs: Present The six-row and hulless barley breeding program 20% 40% 40% Six-row malting Two-row hulless food Six-row forage ( ) (2012-) The two-row malting barley breeding program 10% 20% 70% Two-row malting Two-row feed Two-row hulless malting ( ) (2017-)

18 BRDC Barley Breeding Programs General Breeding Objectives: Present Grain yield Maturity Consistency across growing conditions Disease resistance New cultivar/elite germplasm Straw strength Shattering tolerance Plant height Kernel colour

19 BRDC Barley Breeding Programs: Present Research and Screening for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses o o o Fusarium head blight nursery Leaf diseases and stem rust nursery Screening for waterlogging (wlt) Fusarium Head blight Spot blotch Stem rust General view of BRDC testing field: during wlt treatment BRDC Barley crew collecting leaf tissue after wlt treatment UAV data collection in the wlt experiment

20 FHB Project: Present FHB Nurseries: Collaborators: James Tucker (2001-) Brandon FHB nursery 8,700-row capacity initial screening&future evaluation Morden, MB (new in 2014) 1000-row capacity Ottawa, ON 500-row capacity Charlottetown, PEI 500-row capacity

21 Summary of Barley in Canada Today, barley is grown from coast to coast with over 90% farmed in western Canada. The beer economy supports 1 in every 100 jobs in Canada and generates over $5.8 billion in tax revenues each year. Canada is one of the world s leading malt barley exporters.

22 Next Generation Breeding Genetic Resources Phenotyping Enabling technologies

23 The Path to New Achievements in Canadian Barley A single approach will not provide all the solutions Progress will be made by combining the scientific and breeding expertise The path forward will require us to combine the best approaches to maximize the chance of success in this important and exciting endeavour

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