Strategy and Methodology for Improved IWRM

Transcription

1 Strategy and Methodology for Improved IWRM A Case Study of Tungabhadra River Basin in India S. Puttaswamaiah H. L. Shashidhara K. V. Raju Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, India CEENR-ISEC_

2 Tungabhadra main tributary of the River Krishna in southern India: States: Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh CEENR-ISEC_

3 Physio-geographical and Socio-economic descriptions Origin: Gangamula, Western Ghats, Karnataka Combined rivers: Tunga, Bhadra, Varada and Hagari (Vedavathi) Drainage area: km 2 (Karnataka km 2 ) Annual precipitation: mm Land use: Agriculture, urban settlements and forest Major water uses: Agriculture, Domestic use, Hydropower (2 projects) CEENR-ISEC_

4 Irrigation Project: Tungabhadra Dam Map shows = 260 Kms in Karnataka Nearby village/town: Mallapur Taluk: Hospet District:Bellary & Raichur (Border), Karnataka Latitude: N Longitude: E Storage ( Tmc ) a. Gross b. b. Live c. Dead 2.3 Planned Utilisation (Tmc) Withdrawals by canals ; Reservoir losses Gross utilization CEENR-ISEC_

5 Irrigable Area (Karnataka) designed Ha. Actual irrigated Ha. (91 %) Designed utilsation TMC Average water availability in TMC per lakh acre of ICA Intensity of irrigation 1.0 Soil type (catchement area): Crops designed: Andhra Pradesh: to be collected TMC Red soil maize, ragi, jowar, oilseeds, etc. (semidry crops) CEENR-ISEC_

6 Major water and environmental problems Soil erosion and sedimentation Reduced water storage (by 22 %) Agriculture Violation of Designed Command area (Tungabhadra): Unauthorized irrigated area (in ) (Ha) Head reach farmers grow second crop Mainly water intensive crops (designed for I D crops) CEENR-ISEC_

7 Problems Continued Violation of cropping pattern: cultivation of water intensive crops like paddy and sugarcane Notified crops: like maize, ragi, jowar, oilseeds, etc. (semidry crops) 42 % of the designed area has constraints in getting water Tail-end problems severe CEENR-ISEC_

8 Problems Continued. Water logging and salinity problems increasing Water pollution industrial units, urban settlements, agriculture drainage Drinking water scarcity Interstate water conflict Deforestation CEENR-ISEC_

9 Major challenges for the STRIVER project Extent of crop violation across crop seasons Unauthorized irrigated area Head- reach and tail reach problems Estimating actual availability & utilisation of water quantity (SW & GW) including return flows across the reaches of river basin and across the crop season Assessing the demand for competing uses Estimating water use efficiency Assessing water quality problems (SW & GW) Addressing the transboundary water issue CEENR-ISEC_

10 Success stories WUAs by CADA Diagnostic studies on water logging and salinity CEENR-ISEC_

11 Expected contribution of case catchments to the STRIVER project (in association with other partners of WPs) D 2.1: A comprehensive report of Tungabhadra basin - an overview of the knowledge base for environmental, socio-economic and policy related issues, including policy and institutional origin and change, and the performance of water management institutions at the basin and sub-basin levels. D.2.2: Detailed analyses of the current knowledge base and the knowledge gaps D 3.1: An organised new data report for Tungabhadra D.3.2: Analyses of the added value of the data generated compared to the existing knowledge base of WP2 D 3.3: Articles on the value of environmental flows and water quality to households CEENR-ISEC_

12 Expected Contribution Continued.. D 5.1: First IWRM assessment report for the Tungabhadra D.5.2: Conceptual IWRM assessment methodology D 7.1: Report on pollution source assessment, including source apportionment results, and pollution prevention measures D.7.2: Analytical document related to the twinning of the Tungabhadra and Tejo/Tagus, to enhance the mutual transfer of knowhow (e.g. experiences, concepts, results) and technology (e.g., methodologies, models) land use changes and its impact on water use D.7.3: Guidelines for strategies for improved methodology for quantifying and analysing nutrient losses in an IWRM framework CEENR-ISEC_

13 Expected Contribution Continued.. D.9.1: A comprehensive analysis on competing water users, needs and expectations, strategies for efficient water use, economic value of water uses and equitable distribution of water across rainfed and irrigated farming systems D.9.3 : Guidelines for adaptable technologies and policy tools for increasing water use efficiency and reuse, and integrated water management. CEENR-ISEC_

14 Possible twinning and transferability of results to other catchments CEENR-ISEC_

15 Thank you CEENR-ISEC_