Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Training: Targeting Minority and Disadvantaged Blueberry Growers in Michigan January 2005
|
|
- Aleesha Gibson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Training: Targeting Minority and Disadvantaged Blueberry Growers in Michigan January 25 Murari Suvedi, Asc. Professor John Wise, Asst. Professor Michigan State University Introduction The Michigan, Ohio, Indiana blueberry growing area is the top blueberry-producing region in the nation. Blueberry production is one of the few farming enterprises in which independent farmers can find seasonably dependable and profitable markets. Even so, current market and regulatory forces are threatening the successful transition of this important agriculture industry from conventional to more environmentally friendly production practices. For minority and disadvantaged blueberry growers this transition will be even more difficult. Compared to the big commercial blueberry operations (largely Caucasian owned) in the region, Latino and African-American farmers do not have the cash capital to hire professional pest scouting services. Rather, they need to learn to scout their own farms. Unfortunately, the primary sources of information for learning about pest scouting and Integrated Pest Management (IPM), like University extension programs, do not effectively target small minority farmers. Both in terms of program advertising and the content of materials (reading level, etc.), extension programs overwhelming target the large, commercial well-educated grower audiences. Without help, it will be very difficult for disadvantaged blueberry growers to make the impending transition and maintain the necessary product quality to meet the market demands. Based on a one-year Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant Michigan State University Extension and the MSU Trevor Nichols Research Complex developed a comprehensive pilot IPM scout training program targeting minority (Hispano/Latino) and other disadvantaged small fruit growers to provide critical risk management tool for the blueberry industry. The objectives of this pilot program were to: 1 To enhance risk-management skills of disadvantaged blueberry growers through the enhancement of IPM application. 2 To integrate disadvantaged blueberry producers and workers into the mainstream agriculture community through improved access to risk-management information. The pilot program included a bilingual technical curriculum alongside a capstone crosscultural framework program that included cross-cultural education and leadership training. This program uniquely combined laboratory and field training elements. In 23 this pilot program attracted a total of 22 trainees, 6 Hispanic/Latinos and 16 Caucasians. 1
2 Approach and Methods The IPM training program was designed as hands-on workshops conducted at the MSU Trevor Nichols Research Complex in the new IPM Training Center located in Fennville, MI. This facility is in close proximity to the major blueberry-growing region at the state of Michigan. The program was designed with layers of increasing depth, so that commodity specific components can be interchanged with new specialty areas as sessions are completed. The classroom component, for example, includes a series of sessions focused on the basic principles of IPM (i.e., IPM theory, pesticide safety, horticultural basics, entomology, plant pathology, weeds, scouting methods, record keeping, and basic business principles), followed by more indepth topics specific to blueberry IPM (i.e., monitoring and management of blueberry insects and diseases, etc.). The curriculum was developed to match the background and educational level of the target audience. In addition, it included a social reference frame as a capstone program designed to provide the trainees with the leadership and social skills necessary to succeed. The handson workshops provide intensive training during the field season to learn pest identification, measuring impact of beneficial organisms, and the proper use of pest monitoring tools and techniques. This included laboratory time where participants use teaching microscopes to further study pest stages and their identification. Each training session consisted of both a technical and a Cross-Cultural component. The capstone curriculum included subjects such as leadership skills, bookkeeping, tax education, immigration issues, and cross-cultural education. Units were taught in English with help sessions in Spanish, using bilingual material designed explicitly for this audience. Training sessions were five hours long with 1-minute coffee breaks and a one-hour lunch break. Participants received a "scout tool kit" for use in blueberry fields, including: a hand lens on a lanyard, a pocket knife, MSU Extension publications E-154 "Fruit Spraying Calendar", Blueberry IPM Scouting Fact sheets, NRAES-55 Highbush Blueberry Production Guide, Weed ID bulletins, a Pesticide Applicators Core Manual, and other pertinent materials. Certificates were presented to participants who completed the classroom training. Mentoring was offered to participants. It provided an opportunity to undergo farmer-tofarmer training, with experienced blueberry growers in the region. Mentors served as guide, advisor, coach, motivator, facilitator and role model within the context of applying IPM techniques and reducing farming risk. Mentors were be recruited from farmers and previouslytrained IPM scouts, based on their farming skill and ability to communicate. A group of 22 trainees were recruited for this training program. Lecture-based training began in January 24. IPM Field and lab-based training along with cross-cultural education began in April and continued through August 24. The IPM training graduation ceremony was held in September 24. In November 24, the program was evaluated for immediate impact assessment using a mail survey (see Appendix A). Evaluation questionnaires were mailed to all participants who completed the training in November 24. As of December 15 th, 11 completed 2
3 questionnaires were received. Data were coded and entered into a Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Major findings are summarized in the following sections. Who responded to this evaluation? Major Findings As indicated earlier, 23 pilot program attracted a total of 22 trainees, 6 Hispanic/Latinos and 16 Caucasians. Evaluation form in the form of a survey was mailed to all participants. As of December 24, 11 completed and returned the survey, i.e., 5 percent response rate. Analysis showed that five out of 11 were Caucasian and four were Hispanic or Latino. Similarly, five out of 11 indicated that they were both grower and manager; 2 were growers; 2 were laborers and one indicated as other Respondents indicated owning, managing or scouting blueberry farms. On an average, each respondent looked after about 8 acres of blueberries. Participants came from several Michigan counties. Respondents to this evaluation came from Allegan (2 participants), Berry (1 participant), Ottawa (3 participants). Van Buren (4 participants), and Other (1 participant). Did participants follow IMP scouting practice? Before participating in training, nine out of eleven respondents indicated that they did not scout their own blueberries, while two respondents indicated that they had. When asked, If you are a grower, did you scout your fields on your own? Three responded that they had scouted their fields on their own. Of the three respondents, two had specified how long they had been scouting on their own; one responded with 14 years, while the other for 25 years. Five of the respondents said that an outside person had been paid to scout their fields mainly for insects and diseases, but did not specify how much this other person was paid. When asked what the scouts they hired were used for, whether they were scouting for insects, diseases, nutrients in soil, weeds, or yield estimates. Nearly two-thirds of respondents indicated that scouts that were hired were paid to scout for insects and diseases. Six participants responded to the question, If you are a farm worker, did you scout for your employer? Only one respondent indicated yes. It should be noted that only two respondents indicated that they were farm workers indicating that one farm worker had scouted for his/her employer, while the other had not. Participants were asked if they had scouted for other farmers or growers. Nine out of 11 participants indicated that they had not. 3
4 Were the IPM scouting services and resources accessible to growers? Before this training in Blueberry IPM Scouting, four respondents indicated that it was difficult to access government and/or Michigan State University Extension programs or resources, while five respondents indicated that it was not. Ten respondents felt more confident in obtaining access to government and extension resources and programs, whereas one does not. All eleven respondents felt more confident in their scouting abilities. Although all respondents indicated that they had more confidence in their scouting abilities, one indicated that he needs more training on the subject. Six out of 11 respondents indicated that their learning experience in the 24 Blueberry IPM Scout Training Program resulted in reduced pest management costs. The range of savings for pest management was between $1. and $8. per acre with a mean of $5. per acre. Five out of 11 participants indicated that the training resulted in higher blueberry crop yields. Two participants estimated that their crop yields increased approximately 1%, while one indicated an estimated yield increase of 15% and one indicated a 25% yield increase. Eight out of 11 respondents indicated that their income had increased after IPM Scout Training; three respondents indicated a 5% increase, while three others indicated a 25% increase. Two respondents indicated a 15% and 5% increase, respectively. One respondent indicated a 15% increase in scouting acreage, and two respondents indicated an increase in scouting acreage of 5% or more. Of the six respondents that indicated a yield increase, two reported a 5% increase, and two reported a 15% percent increase. One respondent indicated that the yield for the crops they had scouted increased 25%, and one indicated that crop yields had increased 5% or more (see Table 1). Findings in Table 1 show that most respondents had a fairly good level of comfort level on various aspects of cross-cultural education topics at the beginning of the training. One of the exceptions was the understanding of immigrations and labor regulations in Michigan. There were also low comfort levels in the topics of understanding crop insurance and using IPM Scout training manuals to aid production problems. After training, the level of comfort in these topics had increased to at least 75% respondents. What types of IPM practices are adopted by the participants? Participants were given a list of possible IPM practices for blueberry crop and they were asked to indicate which of the practice they have adopted as a result of this training. Findings are summarized in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, several participants indicated that they have been practicing most of the IPM practices before they participated in this training. Almost one third of the participants indicated that they have adopted or were considering adopting the following IPM practices as a result of their participation in this training program: 4
5 Insecticide applications made by targeting a pest s life stage, and with consideration for biological control agents. Insect and mite management with the use of improved monitoring tools, and use of local weather data to calculate degree days for predicting critical life stages. Fields monitored for weeds regularly. Herbicide application by targeting weed stage, and with consideration for resistance. Plant nutrient assessment with appropriate foliar analysis. Overall, participants indicated significant behavioral changes after the training. They felt that the training has been very useful for their blueberry enterprise. Table 1. Perceived impact of blueberry IPM scout training on cross cultural education Cross Cultural Education Before Training After Training I was I was not I am more I am not a. Are you interacting with Latinos or African American farmers/farm workers in your business b. Are you interacting with Caucasian farmers in your business? c. Do you feel working with farm owners/workers with different cultural backgrounds? d. Are you taking a leadership role among farm workers you previously worked with? e. Are you working with/confident in your understanding of immigration/labor regulations in this state? f. Are you with/confident of your understanding of book keeping and tax preparation? g. Are you with/confident of you understanding of crop insurance? h. Are you using the IPM Scout Training manuals to aid production problems and decision making? Frequency (%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%) 9 (9%) 5 (62.5%) 7 (77.8%) 4 (5%) 5 (62.5%) Frequency Frequency (%) (%) 9 (1%) 9 (1%) 9 (1%) 1 (1%) 3 (37.5%) 2 (22.2%) 4 (5%) 3 (37.5%) 9 (1%) 8 (88.9%) 7 (87.5%) 8 (72.7%) 9 (1%) Frequency (%) 1 (11.1%) 1 (12.5%) 3 (27.3%) 5
6 Table 2. Adoption of blueberry IPM practices by respondents Blueberry IPM Practices Adoption of Practices A. Soil and Nutrient Management a. Plant nutrition assessment with appropriate: Foliar Analysis Soil Analysis Practicing prior to training Frequency (%) Began practice this year Frequency (%) Intend to practice in the future Frequency (%) No plans to adopt Frequency (%) 4 (5%) 5 (55.6%) 1 (12.5%) 2 (25%) 1 (12.5%) b. Fertilizers applied by split application 6 (66.7%) c. Fields monitored for weeds regularly 6 (66.7%) d. Herbicide applications are made: On a calendar basis Targeting weed stage With consideration for resistance 3 (27.3%) 4 (44.4%) 5 (55.6%) 3 (33.3%) e. Bushes are pruned regularly 8 (88.9%) B. Pesticides, Application Equip and Record Keeping a. Pesticide labels carefully reviewed for target pests application, and timing 7 (77.8%) b. Pesticide application equipment calibrated at start of 8 (88.9%) season c. Records of pesticide apps/crop stages maintained 8 (88.9%) d. Weather/atmospheric conditions considered before 6 (66.7%) spraying to ensure pesticide hits target area C. Disease Management a. Fields monitored for disease symptoms on a regular basis, and records maintained 7 (77.8%) b. If unidentified disease infections found, help is 8 (8%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%) sought from professionals and/or labs c. Sanitation practices are used 8 (88.9%) d. Fungicide, bactericide applications are made On a calendar basis Based on crop stage and weather conditions With consideration for resistance 4 (44.4%) 8 (88.9%) 7 (77.8%) 4 (44.4%) 4 (44.4%) 6
7 D. Insect and Mite Management a. Fields are monitored for pests on a regular basis 6 (66.7%) and records maintained b. Visual monitoring for pests is used for pest 7 (77.8%) management and decision making c. Improved monitoring tools are used 4 (44.4%) 3 (33.3%) d. Local weather data are used to calculate degree 4 (44.4%) 3 (33.3%) days for predicting critical life stages e. Fruit and foliage injury after application is monitored to determine effectiveness of management decisions 7 (77.8%) f. Cultural methods are used for insect management For Cultivation (rotivation) For Cover crops g. Insecticide, miticide, applications are made: On a calendar basis Targeting a pests life stage With consideration for biological control agents With consideration for resistance management 8 (88.9%) 6 (66.7%) 3 (33.3%) 4 (44.4%) 3 (33.3%) 6 (66.7%) 5 (55.6%) 6 (66.7%) 3 (33.3%) 4 (44.4%) 7
8 Appendix A Evaluation of Blueberry Intergrated Pest Management (IPM) Scout Training 24 Cover Letter Dear Blueberry IPM Scout Training Participants, You are being asked to participate in a study on the evaluation of IPM Scout Training you participated this year. In this study you will complete a questionnaire concerning the impacts of this training program on your knowledge, attitude or behaviors. The information you provide will help improve future integrated pest management to growers and agribusinesses. There are 12 questions, and we estimate it will take about 2 minutes to complete. Your completion of this survey is completely voluntarily. You are free to not answer any question or to stop participating at any time without penalty. Your responses to this questionnaire will be kept confidential by the researcher to the maximum extent allowable by law. If you have any questions about this study you may call the investigator, Dr. Murari Suvedi at Ext 214 or Dr. John Wise at If you have any questions or concerns regarding your rights as a study participant, you may contact Peter Vasilenko, PhD, Chair of the University Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects at Michigan State University ( , Fax , UCRIHS@msu.edu, 22 Olds Hall, East Lansing 48824). By completing this survey, you indicate your voluntary consent to participate in this study and have your answers included in the project data set. Please complete and return this survey in the enclosed postage-paid self-addressed envelope to: Dr. Anamaria Gomez MSU Trevor Nichols Research Complex th Ave., Fennville, MI 4948 Thank you for your cooperation and support. Sincerely, Murari Suvedi Asc. Professor John Wise Ast. Professor 8
9 Impact Survey for the 23 Blueberry IPM Scout Training Bilingual (English/Spanish) Certificate Program This survey has two objectives: (1) to assess the usefulness of the various topics covered during Blueberry IPM Scout training, and (2) to determine the impact of the training on the adoption of IPM practices. There are no right or wrong answers to these questions. Please provide us with your candid answers to each question. Your responses will be kept completely anonymous and only group responses will be used to prepare the evaluation report. Part I. General Information 1. How would you classify yourself? (Check only one) Grower, Farm Worker Crop Consultant/Scout, Other (specify) a. How many acres of blueberries do you own? or manage? or scout? b. In which County or Counties are they located? c. With which cultural tradition do you most readily identify yourself? Caucasian Hispanic/Latino African American Other (specify) 2. Before participating in this training, did you scout yours or others blueberries? Yes No a. If Yes, how important do you feel the following topics are for your scouting? Please rate the importance on a 1 to 5 scale, with 1 being least important and 5 being the most important. Least Important Most Important Insects Diseases Weeds Nutrients (plant and/or soil) Yield estimates b. If a grower or farm worker, did you scout your fields on your own? Yes No If yes, for how long? Years If no, was an outside person paid to do it? Yes No c. If you utilized a scout, he was used to scout for (check all that apply): Insects Diseases Weeds Nutrients (plant/soil) Yield estimates 3. Before this training were you scouting to other blueberry growers/farms? Yes No a. If yes, for how many farms? b. How many acres did you scout in total? Acres 4. Before this training did you experience difficulties in accessing to government and/or MSU extension resources and programs? Yes No If yes, for which subject areas in particular? (check all that apply) Blueberry production and pest scouting Crop insurance and related programs Pesticide certification 9
10 5. After the IPM scout training, do you feel more confident in your scouting abilities? Yes No 6. After the IPM scout training, do you feel more confident in obtaining access to government and extension resources and programs? Yes No 7. How important are the following written resources for you to make crop management decisions including Integrated Pest Management of insects, diseases and weeds? (Please rate the importance on a 1 to 5 scale, with 1 being least important and 5 being the most important). Least Important Very Important a) Fruit Cat-Alert b) MSU Fruit Management Guide (spraying calendar) c) Blueberry IPM Scout Training course notebook d) Extension Bulletins e) Magazines from Agrochemical stores f) Other references (specify) Did your pest scouting in 24 result in reduced pest management costs? Yes No a. If yes, approximately how much per acre $ savings in pesticide costs? 9. Did your scouting in 24 result in higher blueberry crop yield? Yes No a. If yes, approximately how much was the yield increase? 5% 1% 15% 25% or more 1. Did your scouting in 24 result in enhanced blueberry crop quality? Yes No a. If yes, approximately how much was the $ per pound increase in sales due to enhanced crop quality? 11. If you provide professional scouting services, did this training increase your income in 24? Yes No a. If yes, estimate your increased income? 5% 15% 25% 5% or more b. If yes, estimate your increased scouting acreage? 5% 15% 25% 5% or more c. If yes, approximately how much was the yield increase per acre of acreage scouted? % Part II. Perceptions of culture, society and public resources 12. Following is a list of issues and situations relevant to working within our increasingly diverse agriculture community of the state of Michigan. We would like to know the extent to which your comfort level has changed before and after you attended the cross-cultural education component (Capstone program) of the Blueberry IPM training program. Please read each question carefully and check (X) the appropriate columns or boxes on the right-hand side. Cross-Cultural Education Before Training After Training I was I was not I am I am not a. Are you in engaging Hispanic or African American farmers/farm workers in your business? b. Are you in engaging Caucasian farmers/farm workers in your business? c. Do you feel in working with farm owners/farm worker from different cultural backgrounds? d. Are you taking a leadership role among farm workers 1
11 that you had previously worked with? e. Are you with and/or confident of your understanding of immigration and labor regulations in the state? d. Are you with and/or confident of your understanding of book keeping and tax preparation? e. Are you with and/or confident of your understanding of crop insurance? f. Are you in utilizing MSU blueberry IPM reference materials to aid your production problems and decision making? Part III. Adoption or Use of IPM Practices 13. Following is a list of possible IPM practices relevant to blueberry production in Michigan. We would like to know the extent to which you have adopted or planning to adopt these practices. Please read each of the IPM practice carefully and check the appropriate columns or boxes on the right-hand side. Blueberry IPM Practices Adoption of IPM Practice Practicing prior to training Began practice this year Intend to practice in the future No plans to adopt A. Soil and Nutrient Management and Cultural Practices a. Plant nutrition assessment with an appropriate: Foliar analysis Soil analysis b. Fertilizers applied by split application. Some is applied after bloom and another portion before fruit coloring. c. Fields are monitored for weeds on a regular basis, records maintained, and help sought from professionals if weeds are unidentified. d. Herbicide applications are made: On a calendar basis without regard to environmental and biological conditions. Targeting the weed s stage or time of season that optimizes control. With consideration of the need to rotate herbicides for resistance management purposes e. Bushes are pruned on a regular basis to optimize fruiting, plant vigor and reduce incidence of disease. B. Pesticides, Application Equipment and Record Keeping a. Pesticide labels are carefully reviewed for target pest, application rates and timing, and seasonal use restrictions. b. Pesticide application equipment is calibrated at the start of the season and the procedure is recorded. c. Records of pesticide applications and crop stages are maintained. d. Weather and atmospheric conditions are considered before spraying is done to assure that pesticides hit target area. C. Disease Management a. Fields are monitored for disease symptoms on a regular basis and records maintained. b. If unidentified disease infections are found, help from professional 11
12 consultants or a diagnostic laboratory is attained. c. Sanitation practices, like dormant pruning, are used to reduce disease incidence in infected areas. d. Fungicide, bactericide applications are made: On a calendar basis without regard to environmental and biological conditions. Based on crop stage and weather conditions favorable for disease infection. With consideration of the need to rotate pesticides for resistance management purposes. D. Insect and mite management a. Fields are monitored for pests on a regular basis, records maintained, and help sought from professionals if pests are unidentified. b. Visual monitoring of fields for threshold levels of pests and biological control agents is used for pest management decision-making. c. Enhanced monitoring tools like pheromone and volatile baited traps are used to measure pest presence and set biofix points for control timing. d. Local weather data are used to calculate degree days for predicting critical life stages (i.e., egg hatch) of insect pests. e. Monitoring for fruit and foliage injury post-application is used to determine the effectiveness of pest management tactics. f. Cultural methods are used for insect pest management: cultivation (rotivation) cover crops. g. Insecticide, miticide applications are made: On a calendar basis without regard to environmental and biological conditions. Targeting the pest s life stage (i.e., egg, larva, adult) that optimizes a specific pesticide s performance. With consideration of the impact of the specific pesticide on biological control agents With consideration of the need to rotate pesticides for resistance management purposes Thank you. Please return this completed evaluation in the enclosed self-addressed stamped envelop to: Dr. Anamaria Gomez MSU Trevor Nichols Research Complex th Ave., Fennville, MI
EVALUATION OF MICHIGAN SUGARBEET ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM. March 2001
EVALUATION OF MICHIGAN SUGARBEET ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM March 2001 An evaluative study conducted in cooperation with Michigan State University Extension The Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station The Michigan
More informationIntegrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest management approach.
Pecan IPM Toolbox Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest management approach. In IPM, the type of plant or animal to be grown is evaluated and a management strategy is devised using physical, cultural,
More informationProduction, Pests, Profitability Neighborhood On-Farm Education for Field Corn and Alfalfa
Production, Pests, Profitability Neighborhood On-Farm Education for Field Corn and Alfalfa The Pest, Production and Profit (Triple P) program was completed and was very successful! This intensive, on-farm
More informationPOTATO IPM PROTOCOL for PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
POTATO IPM PROTOCOL for PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A knowledge-based, decision-making process that uses all available techniques (Chemical, Cultural, and Biological) to suppress
More informationFarmer Considerations and Practices with Cover Crops
Cover Crop Cocktails POST-PROJECT Survey Farmer Considerations and Practices with Cover Crops Please return your completed questionnaire in the enclosed postage-paid envelope to: Clain Jones, Extension
More informationUSDA Farm Bill Programs
USDA Farm Bill Programs Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) & Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) IPM Opportunities through NRCS Pat Murphy Natural Resources Conservation Service State Resource
More informationManaging Plant Pests
Lesson C11 1 Managing Plant Pests Unit C. Plant and Soil Science Problem Area 11. Pesticide Use Lesson 1. Managing Plant Pests New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway Strand: Plant Systems Standard: I: Apply
More informationIPM IN NEW YORK APPLE ORCHARDS - DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, AND ADOPTION
NUMBER 119, 1987 ISSN 0362-0069 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, a Division of the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca IPM IN NEW
More information2015 COST ESTIMATES OF ESTABLISHING AND PRODUCING RED RASPBERRIES IN WASHINGTON STATE
2015 COST ESTIMATES OF ESTABLISHING AND PRODUCING RED RASPBERRIES IN WASHINGTON STATE By Suzette P. Galinato, Research Associate, IMPACT Center, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University,
More information2. Be one of the first 50 Ohio growers to complete the sweet corn IPM survey or.
1 of 5 10/25/2013 11:54 AM VegNet Vol. 15, No. 14. December 8, 2008 Ohio State University Extension Vegetable Crops On the WEB at: http://vegnet.osu.edu If experiencing problems receiving this fax, Call
More informationSoybean IPM Elements Revised March, 2012
Soybean IPM Elements Revised March, 2012 Edited by Jim Jasinski Contributing Authors: Ron Hammond, Andy Michels (Entomology); Mark Loux, Mark Sulc, Peter Thomison (Horticulture & Crop Science); Robert
More informationTEXAS A&M AGRILIFE EXTENSION SERVICE JOB DESCRIPTION NAME: EXTENSION AGENT-IPM
TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE EXTENSION SERVICE JOB DESCRIPTION NAME: EXTENSION AGENT-IPM COUNTY TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE EXTENSION SERVICE OF THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM AND UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
More informationEducational Needs of Michigan Livestock Farmers. Bishwa B. Adhikari, Graduate Student. Murari Suvedi, Associate Professor. Michigan State University
Educational Needs of Michigan Livestock Farmers Bishwa B. Adhikari, Graduate Student Murari Suvedi, Associate Professor Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Paper Presented at the American
More informationIntegrated Pest Management 1: Sampling. Matthew J. Grieshop PhD Department of Entomology Michigan State University
Integrated Pest Management 1: Sampling Matthew J. Grieshop PhD Department of Entomology Michigan State University Integrated Pest Management "A decision support system for the selection and use of pest
More informationPesticide and Nutrient Management for Orchards
Orchard*A*Syst FAS 104 October 2001 Pesticide and Nutrient Management for Orchards Traditionally, pesticides and fertilizers have been an important part of growing highquality tree fruit, but today growers
More informationEducational Needs of Michigan Livestock Farmers. Bishwa B. Adhikari, Graduate Student. Murari Suvedi, Associate Professor. Michigan State University
Educational Needs of Michigan Livestock Farmers Bishwa B. Adhikari, Graduate Student Murari Suvedi, Associate Professor Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Paper Presented at the American
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:
Unit G: Pest Management Lesson 1: Understanding Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1.
More informationGood Agricultural Practices for Producing a High Quality Peanut Product
Good Agricultural Practices for Producing a High Quality Peanut Product John P. Beasley, Jr. Professor and Extension Peanut Agronomist Crop and Soil Sciences Department University of Georgia 2009 Georgia
More informationDetermining the Kinds of Pesticides
Lesson C11 2 Determining the Kinds of Pesticides Unit C. Plant and Soil Science Problem Area 11. Pesticide Use Lesson 2. Determining the Kinds of Pesticides New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway Strand:
More informationNQF Level: 3 US No:
NQF Level: 3 US No: 116265 Assessment Guide Primary Agriculture Pests, diseases and weeds Assessor:.......................................... Workplace / Company:................................. Commodity:...................
More informationGOAL STATEMENT: Students will simulate the effects of pesticides on an insect population and observe how the population changes over time.
STATE SCIENCE STANDARDS: 6 th, 7 th, 8 th Grade Skills and Processes: 1.0.A.1.h Use mathematics to interpret and communicate data. 1.0.B.1 Review data from a simple experiment, summarize the data, and
More informationCambodia HARVEST Commercial Horticulture Evaluation. June 2016
Cambodia HARVEST Commercial Horticulture Evaluation June 2016 Evaluation Team Dr. Murari Suvedi, Michigan State University Dr. Raul Pitoro, Michigan State University Ms. Bineeta Gurung, Michigan State
More information33. Fate of pesticides in soil and plant.
33. Fate of pesticides in soil and plant. What Happens to Pesticides When a pesticide is released into the environment many things happen to it. Sometimes what happens is beneficial. For example, the leaching
More informationCooperative Extension, University of California FRUIT & NUT NOTES IN THIS ISSUE:
Cooperative Extension, University of California FRUIT & NUT NOTES Yolo County July 2003 Vol. 1 No. 6 IN THIS ISSUE: Cover Crops and Nitrogen Almond Nut Removal at Harvest and Hull Rot Walnut Husk Fly New
More information2013 IUPUI Staff Survey Summary Report
2013 IUPUI Staff Survey Summary Report Steven Graunke Office of Student Data, Analysis, and Evaluation February 2014 Executive Summary The IUPUI Staff Survey was designed to collect representative data
More informationCabbage Industry Challenges & Opportunities
Cabbage Industry Challenges & Opportunities The New York Farm Viability Institute is a farmer-led nonprofit organization dedicated to strengthening agriculture in New York State by helping individual agricultural
More informationFarmer Perspectives on Pesticide Resistance
Farmer Perspectives on Pesticide Resistance Introduction Pesticide resistance is on the rise in Iowa and the Midwest. Most corn and soybean farmers in the Corn Belt grow plants that have been genetically
More informationIntroduction. Introduction
Introduction Introduction The 2015 Missouri Prevailing Wage Agriculture Survey was conducted by the Missouri Department of Economic Development s research arm, the Missouri Economic Research and Information
More informationEvaluating your educational initiative
Evaluating your educational initiative Murari Suvedi Michigan State University Extension June 2002 Realities of Today Fewer Dollars Increased competition Greater expectations for effectiveness Increasing
More informationAEB 0022 April 2011 Blueberry Economics: The Costs of Establishing and Producing Blueberries in the Willamette Valley
AEB 0022 April 2011 Blueberry Economics: The Costs of Establishing and Producing Blueberries in the Willamette Valley James W. Julian, Bernadine C. Strik, and Wei Yang Blueberry Economics: The Costs of
More informationCost Benefit Analysis LSA Document #17-180
TITLE 357 INDIANA PESTICIDE REVIEW BOARD Cost Benefit Analysis LSA Document #17-180 Estimated Number of Businesses Subject to this Rule: The Indiana Pesticide Review Board (IPRB) estimates that 550 registered
More informationHorticulture and Small Farms
Program Highlights Horticulture & Small Farms Programs provided 165 hours of training to 655 farmers and ranchers in 2012-13. Since 2005, UCCE has trained more than 3,350 farmers and ranchers in business,
More informationGuidelines for Prospective Contract Hatching Egg Producers. Dan L. Cunningham Poultry Science Department The University of Georgia
Guidelines for Prospective Contract Hatching Egg Producers Dan L. Cunningham Poultry Science Department The University of Georgia Georgia ranks as the top broiler producing state in the United States,
More informationPOLICY REGARDING PEST MANAGEMENT ON CITY PROPERTY
POLICY REGARDING PEST MANAGEMENT ON CITY PROPERTY ID#: 36102 1. The purpose of this policy is to eliminate or reduce pesticide use to the greatest possible extent. The City of Madison agrees with the US
More information2017 Kentucky Soybean Production Contest FORM A Agronomic Data Form*
Committee Use Only State Entry #: Official Yield: Oil: Protein: 2017 Kentucky Soybean Production Contest FORM A Agronomic Data Form* 1. Farm Name Contact Name 2. Address: (Route/Street/Hwy. No.) (City,
More informationManaging Pesticide Resistance
Kentucky Pesticide Education Program copyright 2016 University of Kentucky Department of Entomology Managing Pesticide Resistance Pesticide resistance presents an increasing challenge to growers. A resistant
More informationRE: NOSB CAC Subcommittee Discussion Document on application of (e)
September 30, 2013 Ms. Ann Michelle Arsenault National Organic Standards Board USDA AMS NOP 1400 Independence Ave., SW. Room 2646 So., Ag Stop 0268 Washington, DC 20250 0268 Docket: AMS-NOP-13-0049 RE:
More informationIPM THROUGHOUT THE SEASON
pest, disease and physiological disorders management IPM THROUGHOUT THE SEASON Kevin D. Olsen T he development of an integrated pest management (IPM) program should be the goal of all pest managers. IPM
More informationPollinator Protection and Regulation: Applicator Considerations, Laws, EPA mitigation, and MDA compensation
Pollinator Protection and Regulation: Applicator Considerations, Laws, EPA mitigation, and MDA compensation What are Pollinators? Credit: Minnesota Department of Agriculture Pollinator Importance & Benefit
More informationTotal PRODUCTION Units Price Quantity $/Acre Pecans Lbs. $ $ 1, Other Income Acre $ - Total Receipts $ 1,160.00
Irrigated Improved Pecan Enterprise Budget 40 acres farmed. Total PRODUCTION Units Price Quantity $/Acre Pecans Lbs. $ 1.16 1000 $ 1,160.00 Other Income Acre 0 Total Receipts $ 1,160.00 OPERATING INPUTS
More informationTomato Insects to be Looking For
VegNet Vol. 13, No. 14. August 3, 2006 Ohio State University Extension Vegetable Crops On the WEB at: http://vegnet.osu.edu If experiencing problems receiving this fax, Call 614-292-3857 In This Issue
More informationBertie County Ag News
North Carolina Cooperative Extension August 2016 Bertie County Ag News William (Billy) Barrow, Jr. County Extension Director Contact Us For more information regarding any of your farming needs, please
More informationProfitable Specialty Crop Farming
Profitable Specialty Crop Farming Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist University of Missouri Extension 417-859-2044 byerspl@missouri.edu Upcoming Programs of Interest FSMA trainings, 1/29 (Springfield),
More informationRizal Rustam. State Polytechnic of Jember, Indonesia. Accepted 14 December, 2009
Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Vol. 2(2) pp. 029-035, March 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/jaerd 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effect
More informationCounty Farm Centre May 2014 Your May issue:
: Your May issue: Click on title to go directly to that article Monitoring The effects Black of cool Cutworm variable moth arrival temperatures with Pheromone on corn traps Early start to post-emergence
More informationWelcome to the Missouri Blueberry School
Welcome to the Missouri Blueberry School The Missouri Blueberry School Patrick Byers and Ben Fuqua University of Missouri Extension Missouri State University School of Agriculture Outline Blueberries past
More informationAn Introduction to Integrated Pest Management for Cannabis Growing
EcoParadigm Consultants www.growecology.com EcoParadigm Green Paper #3 Richard Freeman, Ph.D. rick@growecology.com An Introduction to Integrated Pest Management for Cannabis Growing Cannabis growers and
More informationGROWERS HANDBOOK GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
GROWERS HANDBOOK GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES Pacific Coast Producers 631 North Cluff Avenue Lodi, CA 95240 (209) 367-8800 www.pcoastp.com TABLE OF CONTENTS PCP Good Agricultural Practice Introduction 1
More informationEconomic Impact of Introducing Rotations on Long Island Potato Farms
Economic Impact of Introducing Rotations on Long Island Potato Farms Sheryl S. Lazarus and Gerald B. White Potatoes have been grown continuously on many Long Island (New York) fields. Environmental concerns
More informationPrecision Farming and Land Leasing Practices
Precision Farming and Land Leasing Practices Marvin T. Batte Fred N. VanBuren Professor of Farm Management Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics The Ohio State University
More informationPest Management Practices
United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service 1998 Summary August 1999 Sp Cr 1(99) 1998 Overview The pest management practices in this report are based on data compiled
More informationROCKY MOUNTAIN CERTIFIED CROP ADVISER. Local Performance Objectives For Exams and Continuing Education Programs
ROCKY MOUNTAIN CERTIFIED CROP ADVISER Local Performance Objectives For Exams and Continuing Education Programs August 2016 Copyright 2016 The American Society of Agronomy 1 CONTENTS Certified Crop Adviser
More informationSTEP 1: MULTI-SOURCE FEEDBACK
Quality Assurance Program Peer & Practice Assessment Handbook STEP 1: MULTI-SOURCE FEEDBACK 2017 Contact Information Barbara McIntyre, RD Quality Assurance Program Manager 416-598-1725/1-800-668-4990,
More informationRice Insecticide Seed Treatments:
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA7085 Rice Insecticide Seed Treatments: Is There Value to the Arkansas Rice Producer? Gus
More informationCosts of production were surveyed for Chinese cabbage,
Cooperative Extension Service AgriBusiness Nov. 1999 AB-13 Production Costs of Selected Vegetable Crops in Hawaii (Cabbage, Cucumber, Green Onion, and Lettuce) Aaron R. Peterson 1, Khem R. Sharma 1, Stuart
More informationPoultry Litter Use and Transport Survey in Hardy and Pendleton Counties: A Summary Report*
MAWP 0603 Poultry Litter Use and Transport Survey in Hardy and Pendleton Counties: A Summary Report* Alan R. Collins, Associate Professor Yoganand Budumuru, Graduate Research Assistant Agricultural and
More informationAgricultural Aerial Services
Agricultural Aerial Services Satellite Imagery Satellite LOW Imagery RESOLUTION IMAGE LOW RESOLUTION IMAGE Satellite Imagery LOW RESOLUTION IMAGE High Resolution Imagery High Resolution SUPERIOR Imagery
More informationCropping Decisions Survey
Cropping Decisions Survey A Survey by Howard G. Buffett Foundation and Conservation Technology Information Center September 2010 Report produced by Conservation Technology Information Center 3495 Kent
More information1 Management Innovation Award City of Tyler: City University
1 Management Innovation Award Summary After just four years of existence, the City of Tyler s City University training program has saved the City of Tyler $540,900, with $391,340 saved between October
More informationSmallholder Guide for GLOBALG.A.P. Plant Protection Module. DRAFT version - Nov09
for GLOBALG.A.P. Plant Protection Module DRAFT version - Nov09 Based on GLOBALGAP Control Points and Compliance Criteria Integrated Farm Assurance (V3.0-2_Sep07, English Version) Introduction Page: 1 GLOBALGAP
More informationBest Management Practices for Pest Control
Best Management Practices for Pest Control Rationale Cornell Greenhouses encourage using an integrated pest management (IPM) Program for pest management including biological, chemical and cultural control
More informationConservation Tillage in Oklahoma: Perceptions and Demographics of Producers
Conservation Tillage in Oklahoma: Perceptions and Demographics of Producers E-1019 Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Oklahoma State University
More informationVOLUNTEER DEVELOPMENT
VOLUNTEER DEVELOPMENT BUILDING A STRUCTURE FOR FUTURE LEADERS TO EMERGE Sarah Sheila Birnbach President Birnbach Success Solutions (301) 530-6300 office (240) 401-3440 mobile sheila@birnbachsuccesssolutions.com
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE S SMALL FARMS PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE S SMALL FARMS PROGRAM WEBINAR SERIES BY NERCRD NOVEMBER 12, 2010 Stephan Tubene, Small Farm Institute University of Maryland Eastern Shore, MD Introduction U.S. small
More information2011 Cost of Producing Peppermint under Rill and Center-Pivot Irrigation in Washington State
0 Cost of Producing Peppermint under Rill and Center-Pivot Irrigation in Washington State WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION FACT SHEET FS077E Preface The study results presented in this WSU publication
More informationWin Cowgill. Wednesday April 2 nd, 5:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. Cost: $45, Registration Deadline March 31 st. Win Cowgill
2014 HOME ORCHARD SERIES Sponsored By New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Hunterdon County Rutgers Snyder Research and Extension Farm Course Instructors Professor
More informationProject Leader: Ken Wise, Eastern NYS IPM Program Area Educator, Livestock and Field Crops, Cornell University,
Title: Dairy and Beef Biting and Nuisance Flies IPM Meeting Series Project Leader: Ken Wise, Eastern NYS IPM Program Area Educator, Livestock and Field Crops, Cornell University, klw24@cornell,edu Cooperators:
More informationSMart On-Farm Part 1. Michigan Soybean Committee, PO Box 287, Frankenmuth, MI FRANKENMUTH, MI PERMIT 20 PAID US POSTAGE NON-PROFIT
SMart On-Farm Research Report 2017 -Part 1 NON-PROFIT Michigan Soybean Committee, PO Box 287, Frankenmuth, MI 48734 US POSTAGE PAID PERMIT 20 FRANKENMUTH, MI Mike Staton, MSU Extension Soybean Educator
More informationUNION COUNTY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN. Union County is in the northwestern part of Kentucky. Union County is bounded on the
UNION COUNTY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Overview of County Union County is in the northwestern part of Kentucky. Union County is bounded on the north and west by the Ohio River,
More informationWheat Production in Washington
Wheat Production in Washington Summary Report A Survey Designed and Conducted by Washington State University s Winter and Spring Wheat Breeding Programs Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Department
More informationA Vegetable IPM Success Story Title Developing a precision in-furrow insecticide applicator for cucurbits.
Overview The Ohio State Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program is a comprehensive program that is designed to encourage collaboration and innovation among Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
More informationFARM AND RANCH MANAGEMENT (AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT)
Farm and Ranch Management (Agribusiness Management) 1 FARM AND RANCH MANAGEMENT (AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT) LIMITED ENROLLMENT Delivery method: On campus Program begins: Fall only Program Description The
More informationNewLeaf Potatoes: Friend or Foe A study of the GMO potato. By Rick Swenson English 320 Final Paper Dr. Sullivan 5/6/04
NewLeaf Potatoes: Friend or Foe A study of the GMO potato By Rick Swenson English 320 Final Paper Dr. Sullivan 5/6/04 Introduction: In 1995 a new potato variety was introduced to the market, this new potato
More informationIPM REPORT CARD FOR SCHOOL GROUNDS. General Requirements
IPM REPORT CARD FOR SCHOOL GROUNDS General Requirements A Self-Assessment Tool for School Administrators and Those Making Pest Control Decisions on School Grounds Compiled by George Hamilton Specialist
More informationClackamas County Diversity and Inclusion Assessment Report Phase II
Clackamas County Diversity and Inclusion Assessment Report Phase II Prepared by: The Center for Public Service Mark O. Hatfield School of Government Portland State University Masami Nishishiba, Ph.D. Jillian
More informationNATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM APPLICATION & ORGANIC SYSTEM PLAN - FARMS
NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM APPLICATION & ORGANIC SYSTEM PLAN - FARMS 1 of 26 1. GENERAL INFORMATION: Name of Operation: Address: City: State: Zip Code: Mailing Address (if different): City: State: Zip Code:
More informationAgribusiness Trends, Issues, and Challenges
Agribusiness Trends, Issues, and Challenges Bert Greenwalt Arkansas State University and Greenwalt Company, Hazen, AR 11-05-13 Agribusiness Trends Technological Change & Industrialization Demand for Water
More informationHORTICULTURE AND SMALL FARMS
HORTICULTURE AND SMALL FARMS P lacer and Nevada Counties are home to a diversity of small family farms, producing a wide variety of horticultural crops. This feeds the growing demand for local produce.
More informationK-State Research and Extension New Agent Professional Development Overview
K-State Research and Extension New Agent Professional Development Overview Caring about others works because it is a paradigm focused on people, not things; it is focused on relationships, not schedules;
More informationConducting Meaningful On-Farm Research and Demonstrations
Conducting Meaningful On-Farm Research and Demonstrations Joe Lauer, Corn Agronomist University of Wisconsin-Madison Presented at the Wisconsin Crop Management Conference Madison, WI January 14, 2009 1
More informationNATIONAL DIPLOMA: AGRICULTURE: COMMERCIAL MIXED FARMING* Qualification code: NDMX04 - NQF Level 6
NATIONAL DIPLOMA: AGRICULTURE: COMMERCIAL MIXED FARMING* Qualification code: NDMX04 - NQF Level 6 Campus where offered: Pretoria Campus Important notification to new applicants: Students who intend to
More informationHoney Bee Health Challenges
Honey Bee Health Challenges By Gene Brandi Gene Brandi Apiaries Los Banos, CA Gene Brandi Apiaries Los Banos, CA Since 1978 Crop pollination Almonds, Cherries, melons, berries Honey production Bulk bee
More informationPollination Limitations and Promoting Pollination in Washington Blueberry
Pollination Limitations and Promoting Pollination in Washington Blueberry Lisa Wasko DeVetter Assistant Professor, Small Fruits WSU Mount Vernon NWREC December 3, 2015 Blueberries in Washington Blueberries
More informationIt s All About Water and Increasing Your Bottom Line
It s All About Water and Increasing Your Bottom Line Tuesday, July 28, 2015, Conference, 8:30 a.m. 5:00 p.m. Wednesday, July 29, 2015 Optional Tour Amway Grand Plaza Hotel Grand Rapids, MI The Department
More informationNRCS EQIP and CSP IPM Programs. IPM Implementation Trends, Cost Effectiveness, and Recommendations for Optimizing NRCS Investments in Conservation
NRCS EQIP and CSP IPM Programs IPM Implementation Trends, Cost Effectiveness, and Recommendations for Optimizing NRCS Investments in Conservation Compiled by the NRCS & IPM Working Group July 2014 INTRODUCTION
More informationPershing County Alfalfa Hay Establishment, Production Costs and Returns, 2006
Fact Sheet-06-19 Pershing County Alfalfa Hay Establishment, Production Costs and Returns, 2006 Don Breazeale, Pershing County Extension Educator, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Kynda Curtis,
More informationFarlingaye HIGH SCHOOL
Farlingaye HIGH SCHOOL Staff Well-Being and Work-Life Balance Policy Date Drafted (D) or Reviewed (R) Adopted by Governors Review Date Statutory Requirement (SR) Best Practice (BP) Person Responsible On
More informationRelated Topics. We may say IPM, but this series is about any sustainable farming method and can involve ANY aspect of farming.
www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ne.ipm.region Introduction to IPM By James VanKirk Concept Activity Handouts Overview If you present the IPM training modules as a series, it makes sense to inform yourself
More informationAdding Value with Horticulture Farming
Adding Value with Horticulture Farming Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist University of Missouri Extension 417-881-8909 byerspl@missouri.edu Outline Introduction Inventory your resources Determine
More informationBenefits of Crop Protection Products on Society and Agriculture
Benefits of Crop Protection Products on Society and Agriculture Douglas Nelson Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary CropLife America Before the Use of Insecticides and Fungicides (1850s)
More informationCluster Manager Nottingham Maternity Cover - 1 Year Fixed Term Contract
Cluster Manager Nottingham Maternity Cover - 1 Year Fixed Term Contract Thank you for your interest in working with us. My name is Rachel Carr and I am one of the founders of IntoUniversity and its current
More informationPoultry production is the number one agricultural
The Value of Poultry Litter in South Georgia Claudia S. Dunkley, Extension Poultry Scientist, Department of Poultry Science Dan L. Cunningham, Extension Poultry Scientist, Department of Poultry Science
More informationIntegrated Pest Management. Tracey Baute and Gilles Quesnel OMAFRA
Integrated Pest Management Tracey Baute and Gilles Quesnel OMAFRA What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management A systems approach to pest control method that uses all available technologies to efficiently and
More informationEvaluation & Accountability
Evaluation & Accountability in Extension Joseph L. Donaldson, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Think of evaluation as asking questions for the purpose of learning about our program. Our goals in conducting an
More information2016 Virginia Hop Grower Survey: Results
216 Virginia Hop Grower Survey: Results Laura Siegle, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension Agent, Virginia Cooperative Extension Holly Scoggins, Associate Professor, Horticulture, Virginia Tech
More informationRegistration Form for WMI
Registration Form for WMI...fan into flame the gift of God, which is in you... 2 Timothy 1:6 Name: Telephone: Address including Postal Code: Cell Phone: Email: Church Name & Denomination: Where did you
More informationOverview of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) for Fruit and Vegetable Growers Cary L. Rivard, Ph.D. Dept of Horticulture Kansas State University
Overview of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) for Fruit and Vegetable Growers Cary L. Rivard, Ph.D. Dept of Horticulture Kansas State University Slides Courtesy Marlin Bates, KSRE Douglas County What
More informationGUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS JOB DESCRIPTION JOB TITLE: GROUNDS FOREMAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT GENERAL STATEMENT OF JOB
GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS JOB DESCRIPTION JOB TITLE: GROUNDS FOREMAN MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT GENERAL STATEMENT OF JOB Under occasional supervision, performs supervisory and administrative work in area of
More informationCrop Pest Losses and Impact Assessment Work Group ( ) Final Report to the Western IPM Center September 4, 2009
Crop Pest Losses and Impact Assessment Work Group (2007 2009) Final Report to the Western IPM Center September 4, 2009 A. Grant Data Grant #07-001492-UA3 Title: Crop Pest Losses and Impact Assessment Work
More informationWEED MANAGEMENT. DEVELOPMENT STAGES Most crop plants and weeds have four stages of development: LEARNING OBJECTIVES
C 6 H A P TE R WEED MANAGEMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completely studying this chapter, you should: Be able to define a weed and its four stages of development. Understand the differences between annual,
More information