Workshop Herbicide-Tolerant varieties EWRS Working Group, Frankfurt, 21 May 2014

Transcription

1 Workshop Herbicide-Tolerant varieties EWRS Working Group, Frankfurt, 21 May 2014 Assessing the effect of changes of agricultural practices accompanying herbicide-tolerant crops on agricultural biodiversity. A simulation study with a weed dynamics model Nathalie Colbach a Jana Bürger ab, Henri Darmency a, Sylvie Granger c, Sébastien Guyot a, Delphine Mézière a, Antoine Messéan a INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, France b Crop Health, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany c AgroSup Dijon, UMR1347 Agroécologie, F Dijon, France d Eco-Innov, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France

2 AMIGA «Assessing and Monitoring the Impacts of Genetically modified plants (GMPs) on Agro-ecosystems» is a EU project, funded by the FP7. The consortium includes 22 partners located in 15 EU countries and Argentina. It aims at producing scientific data related to the possible environmental and economic impacts of cultivation of GMPs in European environments. A project s cornerstone is the application of the EFSA ERA Guidelines and the need of practically testing them. The scientific activities will consist of case studies of maize and potato.

3 WP 1 Project management and Compliance with EFSA Guidance Document WP 2 Biogeographic regions and protection goals WP 3 Long term effects WP 4 Biological components of soil fertility WP 5 Trophic structure in agro-ecosystem WP 6 Environmental impacts of GM crops on pollinators WP 7 Post Marketing Environmental Monitoring WP 8 Integrated Pest Management for GM crops WP 9 Statistical analysis and design for standardised environmental risk assessment WP 10 Economic and financial assessment of transgenic crops in the EU WP 11 Communication, Dissemination and Education

4 Introduction of Bt or HT maize (direct effect on fauna) modifies rotations and crop management (e.g. simplified rotation and tillage) impact on weed flora = major component of biodiversity (e.g. species shifts in weed communities, selection of herbicide-resistant weed populations) impact on other biodiversity associated with weeds (e.g. food availability for predators and pollinators) Objective Evaluate the impact on biodiversity of modifications in agricultural practices ex ante (with models and indicators)

5 The FLORSYS model Cropping system Weather Soil texture Weed seed bank Traits & parameters Colbach et al (2006, 2010) Eur J Agron, Colbach et al (2007) Ecol Mod; Gardarin et al. (2012) Ecol Mod; Munier-Jolain et al. (2013) Ecol Mod, Colbach et al. (submitted) Eur J Agron

6 Example of the output of FLORSYS Plants/m² every day Solanum Alopecurus Galium OSR Wheat Barley OSR Wheat Barley

7 FLORSYS a generic life-cycle for annual weeds Z (cm) emerged seedlings death germinated seeds non-dormant dormant shallow seeds seed bank deep Daily time-step death Biomass production Seed production Light micro-climate Colbach et al (2006, 2010) Eur J Agron, Colbach et al (2007) Ecol Mod; Gardarin et al. (2012) Ecol Mod; Munier-Jolain et al. (2013) Ecol Mod, Colbach et al. (submitted) Eur J Agron

8 FLORSYS effect of management techniques Z (cm) Uproots Buries Tool-dependent emerged seedlings Uproots death germinated seeds Stimulates germinations Moves seeds shallow deep non-dormant seeds dormant seed bank Biomass production Seed production Light micro-climate Daily time-step death Colbach et al (2006, 2010) Eur J Agron, Colbach et al (2007) Ecol Mod; Gardarin et al. (2012) Ecol Mod; Munier-Jolain et al. (2013) Ecol Mod, Colbach et al. (submitted) Eur J Agron

9 FLORSYS Evaluate the effect of weed flora Z (cm) emerged seedlings death germinated seeds Biomass production 100 shallow deep non-dormant dormant seeds seed bank Seed production Light micro-climate Daily time-step death What is the effect on crop production and on biodiversity?

10 FLORSYS Evaluate the effect of weed flora Birds Pielou's equitability index Number of weed species during cropping season Simulations with and without weeds Biodiversity Weed seeds on soil surface in autumn/winter Fatty weed seeds on soil surface in summer Flowering weeds in spring/summer Weed biomass and seeds > cutting height Green weed biomass at crop harvest Harvestint problems Harmfulness Additional take-all in cereals due to grass weeds Weed biomass averaged over cropping season (Mézière et al. in prép)

11 Effect of changing cropping practices Conventional - Aquitaine Maize/wheat/maize/soybean Mouldboard plough (3/4) Conventional - Catalonia Wheat/lucerne/maize Mouldboard plough (1/3) HT maize Glyphosate Simplified rotations Simplified tillage Earlier sowing

12 HPr Ht maize: simplified rotations - Aquitaine Conventional Ht HT maize/wheat HT maize mono Less biodiversity (except species richness) Less harmfulness (except harvest contamination) Less harmfulness Less biodiversity except bee food Less harmfulness Less biodiversity Bird We invite you to feed and use FlorSys