Ram A. Jat. 6 th WCCA, Winnipeg, Canada June, 2014
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1 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Potential of Conservation Agriculture: Effects on Runoff, Rainwater Use Efficiency, Soil Moisture, Soil Organic Carbon and Energy Use Ram A. Jat 6 th WCCA, Winnipeg, Canada June, 2014
2 Outlines: CA benefits Experimental details, baseline information & field lay out Effects of CA on- Runoff RWUE Soil moisture SOC Energy use & CO 2 emission Major challenges we faced Conclusions
3 Benefits of CA:
4 Experimental detail: Treatments: Two tillage practices: Minimum tillage and Normal tillage Two residue management practices: Residue retained and residue removed Two cropping systems: Maize-chickpea sequence and maize/pigeonpea intercropping system Experimental design: split-split Replications : four Total experimental area: 2.4 hectares Experimental site: ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. 17 o 50 latitude, 78 o 26 longitude
5 Baseline information of experimental site Depth (cm) Coarse sand ( ) Fine sand ( ) Silt ( ) Clay (<0.002) ph EC (ds/ m) SOC (%) Total N (kgha -1 ) Av. P (ppm)
6 Field lay out Numbers in the figure represent plot numbers. Filled rectangular boxes represents plots with soil moisture monitoring setups, filled circles represents plots with runoff recorders, and black dotted arrows represents direction of runoff flow
7 Location of Runoff recorders (IDRSMU)
8 Runoff (mm) Runoff (mm) Conservation Agriculture lowered runoff losses of rainwater: important for in-situ water storage and crop resilience against droughts Seasonal rainfall 1071 mm MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices MT-RT, Seasonal rainfall 409 mm High erosion 26.3 in NT-RR indicates 25.0 high 20.0 runoff 15.0 volume MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices NT-RR, 2010 MT= Minimum tillage, NT= Normal tillage, RT= Residue retained, RR= Residue removed
9 Peak runoff rate (cum/s/ha) Peak runoff rate (cum/s/ha) CA lowered peak runoff rate: important to decrease soil erosion MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices
10 Conservation Agriculture and Rain WUE RWUE (kg/ha-mm) RWUE (kg/ha-mm) Maize- chickpea system Maize- pigeonpea system Sole maize MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices Maize- chickpea system Maize- pigeonpea system Intercropped maize MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices
11 Conservation Agriculture improved average soil moisture content : important for drought resilience Convt. plot, 2011 CA plot, 2011
12 SOC % SOC % Conservation Agriculture enhanced C sequestration 0-15 cm Maize-chickpea cropping sequence 20% % 0.40 Maize/pigeonpea intercropping system MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices cm Maize-chickpea cropping sequence Maize/pigeonpea intercropping system MT-RT MT-RR NT-RT NT-RR Tillage and residue management practices
13 (CO 2 emission (kg/ha) (Diesel consumption (litre /ha) Conservation Agriculture lowered fuel use and CO 2 emission Saving of diesel % Minimum tillage Normal tillage Tillage practices Reduction in CO 2 emission due to less fuel use Minimum tillage Tillage practices Normal tillage
14 Major Challenges that need to be resolved Ensuring effective weed control- must to prevent yield losses in the absence of tillage and, improve RWUE; need to supply post emergence herbicides for popular cereals- legume inter cropping systems of SAT at cheaper rates. Refinement in machinery for optimum plant stand and residue management; supply at subsidized rates to smallholders. Pest management- especially rats and termites that prosper in surface retained residues.
15 Conclusions CA reduced runoff and peak runoff rate CA may favourably influence Rain water efficiency and soil moisture content use CA sequestered more carbon in soil CA reduced energy consumption and emitted less CO 2 Therefore: CA could be one potential technology for climate change mitigation and adaptation in SAT regions
16 Thank you! ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
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