LUPIN BREEDING IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Department of Agriculture and Food

Transcription

1 LUPIN BREEDING IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA Department of Agriculture and Food

2 Introduction State of the Industry Breeding process Breeding Drivers Breeding Objectives Future directions

3 Lupin Breeding in Western Australia Narrow-leafed lupins Yellow lupins Albus lupins Genetic Resources

4 Figure 1. Pedigree relationships among the main narrow-leafed lupin cultivars released in Australia Circles indicate key single crosses; diamonds represent complex crosses. Bold lines indicate crosses involving Australian cultivars. Domestication genes: moll (soft s eeds), iuc (sweet), ta (non-shattering), le (non-shattering), leuc (white flowers and seeds), Ku (early flowering). All cultivars released after Unicrop (1973) in this diagram have these genes apart from Marri (lacks Ku) and Chittick (efl rather than Ku). Abbreviations: Gls-R (grey leaf spot resis tant), An-R (anthracnose resistant), Ph-R (phomopsis resistant), Bs-MR (brown spot moderately resistant), MRB (moderate ly rest ric te d branching), Pop. E1.1 (population E1 first cycle of recurrent selection) natural mutant: le P20661 mutant: efl) Fest 1973 moll,ta,le 65G-251 USA frost-tolerant Rancher (USA 1965) Gls-R, An-R Chittick 1982 efl New Zealand Blue moll Marri 1976 Danja 1986 Jindalee 2000 efl Yorrel 1989 Ph-R 84A A natural mutant: ta Belara 1997 Ph-R Mandelup 2004 Ph-R, AnMR natura l mutant: le uc Uniwhite 1967 moll,ta,iuc,leuc Uniharvest 1971 moll,ta,le,iuc,leuc Unicrop 1973 moll,ta,le,iuc,leuc,ku Yandee 1980 Illyarrie 1979 Gungurru 1988 Ph-R Merrit 1991 Ph-R Wonga 1996 An-R, Ph-R Sweet mutant ex Germany 1928: iuc 75A Tanjil 1998 An-R Ph-R Borre (Sweden 1947) moll, iuc Wild types from Spain, Moro cco Wild types from Italy Warrah 1989 Ph-R natural mutant: Ku Wild type from Israel 79A (high yield) CE2-1-1 (high yield) 84A086 F1 [Pop. E1.1] Myallie 1995 Bs-MR [Pop. E1.2] Kalya 1996 Ph-R, An-MR Tallerack 1997 [Pop. E2.1] Bs-MR, MRB Moonah 1998 Ph-R Landrace with soft seeds: moll Quilinock 1999 Ph -R Coromup 2006 High pro, AnMR, PhR MetR Jenabillup 2007 PhR, Bps R, AnI, MeS

5 '0 0 '0 2 ' Area ('000 ha) Production (kt)

6 Year 1 Year 2 LUPIN BREEDING FLOW CHART 2007 CROSSING LF m row Summer AnR, PhR markers LF m drow Winter LF m drow Summer Stage 1 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 LF m drow Winter LF m drow Summer Single plants Metribuzin spray LR m drow Winter 850gm L20 (WH only) site L21 LM1 60m plot sites 5kg Stage 2 Year 7 SA NSW L22 LX2 LM2 3 x 60m plot sites 24kg Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 L23 LX3 LM3 2kg 3 0m plot Stage 3 30 Mult1 Ped 0 Stage 4 15 Mult2 Ped 1 Stage 4 6 Mult3 Ped 2 Release Stage 3 Stage 4 Release

7 Exotic germplasm pool Elite breeding pool F1s Exotic x Elite 1 F2 x Elite F1 x Elite 2 F1 Tc1 x Elite 3 Tc2 F2 F5 F6 (LR2) F7 (L20) F8 (L21) F9 (L22) F10 (S3) F11 (S4)

8 Breeding Driver (AREA x YIELD) x PRICE - COSTS = PROFIT/LOSS

9 PRODUCTION (Area x yield) Yield Environment Test across several environments Soil type Different species Rainfall Test across several environments Agronomy Test across several environments Genetic potential High yielding lines Rapid pod set Efficient use of energy and nutrients Early vigour Thin pod walls Tolerance to Mn deficiency Different alkaloid genes Longer Nitrogen fixing Disease Anthracnose Resistance to anthracnose Brown spot Resistance ot brown spot Phomopsis stem blight Resistance to phomopsis stem blight Phomopsis pod blight Resistance to phomopsis pod blight CMV Resistance to CMV and seed transmission BYMV Resistance to BYMV Pleiocheata root rot Eradu patch Insects Aphids Resistance to aphid colonisation Budworm RLEM Cutworm Weed control Herbicide tolerance Herbicide tolerance Crop topping Early maturity Resistricted branching Harvestability Harvest height Winter vigour Harvest height Loss of whole pods Strength of pod attachment Loss of seeds Shatter resistant pods Lodging Lodging resistance

10 Price PRICE Delivery standards Dicoloured seed Resistance to phomopsis pod blight Commodity price Alkaloid levels Low alkaloid levels Protein content Increase protein content Metabolisable energy Protein specificity Oil Dehulling efficiency Reduced seed coat thickness Decrease NSP Increase protein content Change protein profiles Change protein profiles Increase S-aa protein content Define functionality decrease allergenicity Increase oil content Decrease oil content Reduce rancidity of oil

11 COSTS COSTS Influencing factors Breeding Objectives Future Directions Herbicides Herbicide tolerance Tolerance to herbicides Seed dressings Brown spot Resistance to brown Spot Anthracnose Resistance to anthracnose in plant Resistance to anthracnose in pods Fungal sprays? Insecticides Aphid colonization Resistance to aphids Budworm RLEM Seed testing CMV transmission Resistance to CMV transmission Germination Seed replacement New varieties Greater benefits High CMV level Resistance to CMV transmission High Anthracnose level Resistance to anthracnose on plant and pods

12 Rotational Benefits ROTATIONAL BENEFITS Weed control Herbicides Herbicide tolerance Crop topping Early maturity, restricted branching Fee d - seed and stubble Stock on farm Resistance to phomopsis stem blight Nitrogen fixa tion Planned rotation Fertilizer costs Soil conservation Planned rotation Disea se brea ks to ce re als Planned rotation

13 Narrow-leafed lupin breeding Yield Disease resistance Quality Aphid resistance Regional adaptation Agronomic traits Other traits

14 Yield Trials

15 Breeding sites Wongan Hills - medium rainfall Eradu - med to high rainfall Lake Varley - low rainfall South Perth - Medina - Manjimup - Early generation Disease nursery Oversummer

16 Predicted Means for Historical Varieties Mandelup 1.6 Quilinock Coromup YIELD (t/ha) Uniharvest Unicrop Illyarrie Marri Yandee Gungurru Merrit Danja Yorrel Warrah Chittick Geebung Belara Moonah Kalya Wonga Tanjil Tallerack Myallie Jindalee Jenabillup 0.4 Uniwhite Ui hi Year of Release

17 YIELD % gain per annum

18 Disease resistance priorities Anthracnose - since 1996 Phomopsis - stem - since early 1980 s Phomopsis - pods Seed transmission CMV - since late 1980 s Brown spot Bean yellow mosaic virus Pleiochaeta root rot

19 Anthracnose resistance Measured in the Medina disease nursery and in the field where possible Tanjil 6 Mandelup 5 Kalya 4 Merrit 3 Belara 2 1 Quilinock 0

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21 Anthracnose resistance in pods Measured in the Medina Nursery Tanjil, Kalya, Mandelup 0

22 Stem Phomopsis resistance Field rating in CVT trials when phomopsis is present in Danja Belara, Mandelup 6 Merrit, Quilinock, Tanjil 5 Kalya 4 3 Danja 2 1 0

23 GLASSHOUSE ASSESSMENT Stem Phomopsis resistance Glasshouse rating as a % of Merrit 40% 60% 80% Belara, Mandelup 100% Merrit, Quilinock, Tanjil 120% Kalya 140% 160% Danja 180% 200% Rating Scale

24 QUALITY Low alkaloid levels (<0.02%) Protein (>30%)

25 Regional Testing

26 Future Drivers/Pullers Black/Unfilled Pod Syndrome Changing farming systems Market changes Herbicide resistant weeds GMO lupins Price Climate change

27 Unfilled Pod Syndrome 9 8 WALAN Quilinock 6 5 Kalya, Tanjil, Danja 4 3 Mandelup, Belara 2 1

28 Yield vs BPS rating at EDRS Yield (t/ha) Quilinock Kalya Danja Wonga Tanjil M Mandelup R 2 = Belara BPS rating

29 Controlled traffic, row cropping Mullewa, 2004 Owen Brownly

30 Some Market Drivers Protein feed markets underlying demand is upward dominated by soybean meal (US, Brazil) bans on carcass meal (Mad-cow crisis in Europe) replacement of fishmeal for aquaculture (sustainability) increasing meat consumption in Asia

31 Some Market Drivers Food ingredients valued for functional as well as nutritional benefits health benefits increasingly important anti GM-soy has sparked commercial interest in lupin Fraunhoffer lupin products

32 Future Drivers/Pullers Black/Unfilled Pod Syndrome Changing farming systems Market changes Herbicide resistant weeds GMO lupins Price Climate change