Third Party Evaluation of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) In Himachal Pradesh

Transcription

1 REPORT Third Party Evaluation of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) In Himachal Pradesh NABARD CONSULTANCY SERVICES Block -32, SDA Complex, Kasumpati, Shimla , Himachal Pradesh Tel: , Fax:

2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation / term ADO Bigha CBO CuM DDA DH FFS FYM GoHP GOI Ha HP INM IPM JE Kulh KVK LBS MANAGE MB Plough MMA NABARD NABCONS NREGS NRM NWDPRA Explanation Agricultural Development Officer Unit of area equals to 800 square meter Community Based Organization Cubic Meter Deputy Director of Agriculture Dry Land Horticulture Farmers Field School Farm Yard Manure Government of Himachal Pradesh Government of India Hectare Horse Power / Himachal Pradesh Integrated Nutrients Management Integrated Pest Management Junior Engineer Traditional water channel Krishi Vigyan Kendra Loose Boulder Structures National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management Mould Board Plough Macro Management in Agriculture National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NABARD Consultancy Services National Rural Employment Guarantee Project Natural Resource Management National Watershed Development Program for Rain fed Areas

3 Abbreviation / term PIA PRI RCC SC/ST SDSCO SHGs SMS WDC HDO HEO DDH Explanation Project Implementing Agency Panchayat Raj Institution Reinforced Cement Concrete Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribe Sub-divisional Soil Conservation Officer Self Help Group Subject Matter Specialist Watershed Development Committee Horticulture Development Officer Horticulture Extension Officer Deputy Director Animal Husbandry

4 CONTENTS Executive Summary... 1 Brief Demographic, Economic and Infrastructure overview of the State:... 5 CHAPTER I... 8 State Agriculture Profile... 8 CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION CHAPTER III Objectives of RKVY:...12 CHAPTER IV Focus Areas under RKVY Scheme in Himachal Pradesh CHAPTER - V STUDY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY...18 Sampling frame of the sample household:...20 Limitations of the Study:...22 CHAPTER - VI MAJOR OBSERVATIONS OF THE STUDY...23 Project 1: Organic Farming...23 Project -2: Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna:...30 Project3: Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms Project 4: Project for Farm Mechanisation Project 5: Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity...46 Project 6: Strengthening of Veterinary Institutions and augmentation of Cold Chain facilities for vaccine storage and transportation Project 7: Provision of quality artificial insemination services at the door step of the farmers Project 8: Increasing fish production...56 Project 9: Strengthening of Seri cultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk Project 10: Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops Project 11: Strengthening veterinary clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of Veterinarians and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field Veterinary Hospitals...70 Conclusion: Annexure List of Beneficiary Sector wise Department of Agriculture Horticulture Department: Animal Husbandry Department: Department of Fisheries: Annexure Sample formats of questionnaires used for field study organic farming... 88

5 Farm Mechanization of Horticulture Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna Creation of Water sources at Horticulture Farms Increasing fish production Organization of camps to carry out extension activity CSKHPKV Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops in Himachal Pradesh Strengthening of Veterinary Institutions and Augmentation of cold chain facilities for vaccine storage and transportation Provision of Quality Artificial Insemination Services at the door step of the farmers Strengthening veterinary clinical delivery services through capacity building Strengthening of Sericulture Extension System

6 Executive Summary Himachal Pradesh is predominantly a mountainous State located in North West India. It shares an international border with China. The State has highly dissected mountain ranges interspersed with deep gorges and valleys. It is also characterized with diverse climate that varies from semi tropical in lower hills, to semi arctic in the cold deserts areas of Spiti and Kinnaur. The population is very scattered across Himachal Pradesh, therefore the intervening approach is very difficult and much time consuming. Majority of population resides in rural areas and depend upon agriculture and allied sector. Most of the rural people are economically poor because the individual land holdings are very small. Due to lack of resources, the technical knowledge of the rural people regarding allied activities viz. Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries etc. is very poor. Due to its difficult topography and lack of transportation facilities, the carriage charges of any type of material increases to a large extent. More over due to above mentioned factors the cost of construction /production is quite high in the region. Under RKVY, under agriculture sector in the state, emphasis is on strengthening of agriculture infrastructure especially minor irrigation projects, promotion of organic farming and on crop diversification towards vegetable crops. Under Horticulture, emphasis is on provision of apple rejuvenation, farm mechanization, setting up of vermin-compost units, development of progeny orchards, nurseries and mushroom units etc. Under Animal Husbandry, emphasis is on promotion/extension of activity by providing veterinary medicines and equipment at veterinary clinics on subsidized rate to the farmers and by providing incentive for sheep and goat rearing. Besides strengthening of Veterinary Institutions, assistance of cold chain facility, vaccine storage and transportation etc. there is also provision for making available quality artificial insemination services at their door step to farmers. Under RKVY project there is also provision for increasing fish production and for promotion of sericulture extension system for production of quality bivoltine in the state Under the project, there is also provision for promotion of research and extension activities, strengthening of animal diseases investigation laboratory &veterinary clinical delivery services and establishment of quality seed /planting material of vegetable and spice crops. The budget has also been provided to UHF Nauni for mobile health clinic for rural and remote area of Sirmour. 1

7 It is expected that by implementation of the project, area under irrigation would increase; farmers would switch over to high value crops from traditional farming. With increase in knowledge and skill there would be improvement in quality besides increase in agriculture /horticulture/animal husbandry production. As veterinary services and medicine are provided at door step at subsidized rate, therefore health of livestock will improve and the end result of all the components would be enhancement of livelihood for the target population across Himachal Pradesh. The ultimate goal of RKVY is sustainable development of the rural people by improving the quality of life for the rural poor by developing their capacities that promote community participation, health and education, food security, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth, thereby enabling community members to leave the cycle of poverty and achieve their full potential. Himachal Pradesh is an agriculture dominated state. Majority of rural population is dependent on agriculture and allied sector. Most of the farmers belong to small &marginal farmer category.the farmers are facing problems in Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry. To cope up with the situation and for redressal of these problems the Central /State Government have started different project in the state. The increasing use of chemicals is having ill effects on soil, water, human being, animals and environment. To check the injudicious use of chemicals, farmers are being motivated to adopt organic farming practices so that quality of Agriculture and Horticulture produce is improved and farmers may get better prices of the commodities. In the State, where more than 78% area is under rainfed conditions; the farmers are dependent on rains only. The climatic conditions in the state change frequently, consequently the farmers are facing many problems in agriculture and horticulture. With a view to create agriculture potential and to bring more area under assured irrigation this project is being implemented in the state. Under this component of project there is provision for construction of water storage tanks and repairs of kuhals, so that runoff water is harvested and stored. Besides there is provision of adopting measures to reduce soil erosion by construction of structures like retaining wall, crate wire etc. In Himachal Pradesh under horticulture most of the farming operations are done manually. There is scarcity of man power on account of which labour rates are very high. Due to these 2

8 factors, on one hand these operations are not carried out on time and on the other hand due to high labour charges the cost of production increases considerably.the mechanization of these operations is the need of hour. To make horticulture more mechanized, the project on farm mechanization is being implemented by the Department of Horticulture. Under this project agriculture tools /Machinery are provided to the farmers on subsidized rates so that more orchardists may adopt mechanized practices to save time and to reduce cost of production. In the State about 78% area is rain fed and due to its hilly topography most of the rain water goes waste. There is dire need of harvesting rain water so that it can be used for critical irrigation. To promote rain water harvesting, provision has been kept to provide 70 % subsidy to individual for construction of water storage structure so that irrigation is provided to the crops during water stressed conditions and crop is saved. There is mostly mixed farming system in the state. Majority of rural families are rearing livestock for milk, meat, and wool purpose. Due to lack of knowledge, the livestock management is quite poor, consequently the milk, meat, wool production is poor.there is also problem of animal diseases. Under the project, the farmers training camps are organized by Animal Husbandry Department for imparting technical knowledge regarding cattle management and disease control. Under the project, provision has been made to construct cold room for preserving/storing vaccines at a recommended temperature and for purchasing a refrigerated van for transportation of vaccine under controlled conditions. Besides there is also provision for purchase of some furniture items. As the project started recently so till now some furniture has been purchased and formalities for construction of cold room and purchase of refrigerated van have been completed. There is provision of giving subsidy to individual farmer for construction of tanks for irrigating their kitchen gardens and also for rearing fish in the tanks with the objective of increasing their income. In the State, most of the farmers are in category of small and marginal farmers, who have meager income. With a view to create additional income for these farmers silk worm seed is given on subsidy under one of the components of this project, Farmers training camps are 3

9 also organized to enable them to take up this activity which may ultimately result in enhancement of their income. There is vast variation in the topography and climatic conditions in the State. It is very important to cultivate crops according to agro climatic conditions. So it is necessary to impart knowledge to farmers regarding package of practices especially in poly-houses. The funds have been provided to the state university for the purpose under the project. The university has imparted knowledge to the extension staff of the department of agriculture so that it may be further disseminated amongst the farmers of different areas of the state. There is provision for strengthening of veterinary clinic of the university so that better services are provided to the farmers. The university organized training camps for the officers of Department of the Animal Husbandry for their capacity enhancement besides providing tool kits to them. 4

10 Brief Demographic, Economic and Infrastructure overview of the State: Himachal Pradesh state in northern India is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir in the north, Punjab in the west and south -west, Haryana and Uttarakhand in the south- east and the Tibet Autonomous Region in the east. It has 12 districts namely: Kangra, Hamirpur, Mandi, Bilaspur, Una, Chamba, Lahaul and Spiti, Sirmaur, Kinnaur, Kullu, Solan and Shimla. The economy of the Himachal Pradesh is currently the third fastest growing economy in the country. It has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita income of Indian states. The economy of the state is mainly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism and agriculture. Roads: As of December 2011, the total length of roads in the state was 34,000 km. The length of national highway in the state was about 1500 km as of June Railways: Himachal Pradesh falls under Northern Railways Network. The two narrow gauge lines with a route length of 96 km and 113km connect Kalka with Shimla and Joginder Nagar with Pathankot, respectively. Airports: The State has three domestic airports in Shimla, Kullu and Kangra district Power: Most of the power generated in Himachal Pradesh is hydro power due to availability of water in five perennial rivers viz. Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Yamuna and Sutlej. As of January 2013, the state had a total installed capacity of power generation of 3, MW. Per capita electricity consumption in state of Himachal Pradesh is at 1380 kwh per annum, way ahead of the national average at 779 kwh per annum. Agriculture: The total production of Agri-Commodities (food grains, pulses, oil seeds etc.) in stood at lakh MT as against15.41 and lakh MT respectively in previous two 5

11 years. The production of top five agricultural crops in the last three years is given in the following table. Production ( in lakh MT) Crop Rice Maize Wheat Barley Pulses Source:Deptt. of Agriculture web site Horticulture: The total fruit production in stood at3.70lakh MT. In previous two years production stood at 3.79lakh MT and 10.23lakh MT respectively. Production of major fruit crops in the last three years is given in the following table: Production ( in lakh MT) Item Apple Citrus fruit ( Orange, Lemon, etc) Other Temperate Fruits Other Sub Tropical Fruits Source: Deptt. of Horticulture web site The total production of vegetables in stood at15.61lakh MT. Production of major vegetable crops in the last three years is given in the following table. Production ( in lakh MT) Item Potato Peas Tomato Source:Deptt. of Agriculture web site To bring diversification in horticulture an area of 556 hectares has been brought under flower cultivation up to Ancillary horticultural activities like mushroom cultivation and bee keeping are also being promoted in the state. 6

12 Livestock & Poultry: As per 2007 Livestock Census, total livestock and poultry population in the state was as given in the table below: Livestock and Poultry Population in '000 Cattle 2270 Buffaloes 762 Sheep 901 Goats 1241 Poultry 810 Source :Deptt. of Animal Husbandry web site Fisheries &Aquaculture: Up to December, 2012, fish production of two major reservoirs of the state viz. Gobind Sagar and Pong Dam was MT valued at Rs lakh. Agri Marketing Infrastructure: For the regulation of agricultural produce in the state, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural/ Horticulture Produce Marketing Act, 2005 has been enforced (implemented). Under the Act, Himachal Pradesh Marketing Board has been established at the State. The state has been divided into ten notified market areas. A modernised market complex at Solan is functional for marketing of agricultural produce. The market fee has been reduced from 2 percent to 1 percent for the benefit of the farmers. The HP Agriculture Produce Market Act has also been amended on the lines of Model Act circulated by Government of India. With this, a provision has been made for setting up private markets allowing direct marketing and contract farming with a single point levy of entry fee. As per Food Corporation of India data, total storage capacity for food grains in the state is 0.35 lakh tonnes as on Feb 2013, with utilization levels close to 69 percent. As per DMI data, the state has 18 cold storages as on Dec 2009, 11 of which are privately owned and 7 by public sector. The cold storages are mainly storing potatoes and limited storage of dairy and other products. 7

13 CHAPTER I State Agriculture Profile The Department of Agriculture was established in the year In the year 1950, it was merged with Forest Department. The Department started functioning independently in the year In the year 1970, Horticulture was carved out of the Department of Agriculture and a separate Department of Horticulture was established. 1. Organizational Structure of Dept. of Agriculture: Deputy Director (Potato & Marketing) Vegetable Specialist Deputy Controller (F& A) 8

14 Himachal Pradesh is predominantly an agricultural state, where agriculture provides direct employment to about 71 percent of the total population. The agriculture sector contributes nearly 30 percent to state domestic product. The Department of Agriculture is dedicated to serve the farming community by implementing various developmental programs and disseminating the relevant technology to increase productivity, production and profitability of field crops. The natural endowments like soil, land, water etc. are being harnessed in such a way that cherished goals of ecological sustainability, economic upliftment of farming community are achieved. About 20% area of the state is irrigated and remaining is rain fed. 2. Functions of the Agriculture Department 2.1 To impart latest technology to the farmers for increasing agricultural production. 2.2 To ensure timely supply of all types of agricultural inputs like improved seeds, agricultural implements, pesticides and fertilizers. 2.3 To educate the farmers regarding economic use of irrigation water. 2.4 To educate the farmers about soil and water conservation technologies. 2.5 To impart training regarding Integrated Pest Management and use of farmer friendly biofertilizers. 2.6 To educate the farmers about diversified farming. 2.7 To create irrigation facilities for the farmers through minor/tank irrigation projects so as to obtain maximum returns from their land 2.8 To educate about marketing facilities of agricultural produce to enable the farmers to get remunerative prices of their produce. 3. Agro Climate Zones in Himachal Pradesh Figure 1: Agro Climate Zones in H.P 9

15 3.1 Shivalik Hill Zone: Sub tropical climate consists of foothills and valley area from 350 to 650 meters above mean sea level, it occupies about 35% of the geographical area and about 40% of the cultivated area of the State. The major crops grown in this zone are Wheat, Maize, Paddy, Gram, Sugarcane, Mustard, Potato, Vegetables etc. 3.2 Mid Hill Zone: This zone extends from 651 meters to 1,800 meters above mean sea level. It occupies about 32% of the total geographical area and about 37% of the cultivated areas of the State, The major crops grown in the area are Wheat, Maize, Barley, Black Gram, Beans, and Paddy etc. This zone has very good potential for the cultivation of cash crops like off-season Vegetables, Ginger and production of quality seeds of temperate vegetables like Cauliflower and root crops. 3.3 High Hill Zone: It lies from 1,801 to 2,200 meters above sea level with humid temperate climate and alpine pastures. This zone covers about 35% of the geographical areas and about 21% of the cultivated area of the State. The commonly grown crops in this area are Wheat, Barley, Lesser Millets, Pseudo-cereals (Buckwheat and amaranths), Maize and Potato etc. The area is ideally suited for the production of quality seed Potato and temperate Vegetables. This zone possesses good pastures and meadows. 3.4 Cold Dry Zone: It comprises of Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur districts and Pangi tehsil of Chamba district lying about 2,200 meters above mean sea level. It occupies about 8% of the geographical and 2% of the total cultivated area of the State. The major crops grown are Wheat, Barley, pseudo-cereals like Buck wheat and amaranth. It is ideally suited for the production of quality Seed Potato, European type of Vegetables and their Seeds. 10

16 CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION To boost up the growth in agriculture and allied sectors, National Development Council (NDC), in its meeting held on 29 th May, 2007 observed that a special Additional Central Assistance (ACA) Project be introduced to incentivize States to draw up Comprehensive Agriculture Development Plan taking into account agro-climatic conditions, natural resources and technology for ensuring more inclusive and integrated development of agriculture and allied sector. In pursuance to aforesaid observation and in consultation with the Planning Commission, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation(DAC), Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India launched Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)from , which has been operational since then. During XI Plan, Rs.22, crore were released to States out of which Rs.21, crore was utilized in implementing 5768 projects in certain broad categories namely; crop development, horticulture, agricultural mechanization, natural resource management, marketing & post-harvest management, animal husbandry, dairy development, fisheries, extension etc. By virtue of these enhanced investments, agriculture and allied sectors could achieve an annual growth rate of 3.64% during the XI plan against a growth rate of 2.46% per annum in the X plan period.based on feedback received from States, experiences garnered during implementation in XI Plan and inputs provided by stakeholders; Operational Guidelines of RKVY have been revised to not only enhance efficiency and efficacy of the program but also its inclusiveness during XII Plan period. In the state of Himachal Pradesh, the Department of Agriculture, Government of Himachal Pradesh is looking after the RKVY scheme of the Central Government. During the present reported period, the state agriculture department got the funds to undertake different interventions under RKVY in the state. A concurrent monitoring and evaluation is important to assess the progress of an ongoing program/project. This report analyzed the functioning of the implementing agencies of RKVY in the State of Himachal Pradesh, assess the progress, identify the gaps and put forth suggestions and recommendations for its effective implementation in future. 11

17 CHAPTER III Objectives of RKVY: The RKVY aims at achieving and sustaining desired annual growth during the 12 th Plan period, by ensuring holistic development of agriculture and allied sectors. The main objectives of the scheme are: 1. To incentivize the States so as to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors. 2. To provide flexibility and autonomy to States in the process of planning and executing agriculture and allied sector schemes. 3. To ensure the preparation of agriculture plans for the districts and the States based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources. 4. To ensure that the local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans of the States. 5. To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focused interventions. 6. To maximize returns to the farmers in agriculture and allied sectors 7. To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various components of agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner. To realize the above mentioned objectives in agriculture and allied sectors, RKVY was launched in the state of Himachal Pradesh focusing mainly on three components: Farm mechanization, Seed Management and Soil Health Management. Among the focused areas of the RKVY Scheme in Himachal Pradesh, the soil health management was the prime concern. This is to be achieved through convergence of efforts of various departments for saving top soil and to develop and consume soil nutrients for the development of agriculture and allied sectors. It also aims to encourage the farmers to adopt the organic farming practices and also to lead them towards sustainable agricultural development path. 12

18 CHAPTER IV Focus Areas under RKVY Scheme in Himachal Pradesh The component /activities which are eligible for project based assistance under the RKVY in Himachal Pradesh are elaborated below. 1. Integrated development of major food crops such as wheat, paddy, coarse cereals, minor millets, pulses, oilseeds:- Assistance can be provided for making available certified /HYV seed to farmers; production of breeder seeds; purchase of breeder seeds from institutions, such as ICAR public sector seed corporation, production of certified seeds; seed treatment, farmers field schools at demonstration sites; training of farmers etc. Similar support would be provided for development of other crops such as sugarcane, cotton or any other crop/ variety that may be of importance to this state. 2. Agriculture mechanization:- Assistance to be provided for farm mechanization efforts especially for improved and gender friendly tools, implements and machinery. Specific agricultural mechanization project oriented towards enhancing farm productivity can also be considered under this project. However, tractors are not covered under the project. 3. Activity related to enhancement of soil health This would include efficient quality control of inputs including strengthening of laboratories and enhancing soil health. Assistance can be provided to the farmers for soil health cards, micro nutrient demonstration, training of farmers for promotion of organic farming including printing of publicity /utility literature, assistance to the state government to strengthen existing soil testing and fertilizer testing laboratories and setting up new ones, amelioration of soil affected with conditions such as alkalinity and acidity. 4. Development of rain fed farming systems in and outside watershed areas, as also integrated development of watershed areas, wasteland,river valleys :- Assistance to be provided for the rain fed farming system for the target farmers, who are living below poverty line with the aim of providing sustainable livelihood opportunity for them. 13

19 5. Support to State Seed Farms:- State seed farms that are used for both research and seed production purposes may be provided funds in a project mode covering aspects such as land development, creation of irrigation facilities, upgrading technology, etc. However, new land acquisition is not permitted. 6. Integrated pest management project:- This would include training of farmers through Farm Field Schools on pest management practices besides printing of literature and organization of awareness programmes. 7. Encouraging non-farm activities:- To encourage young energetic educated people to set up own Agri-Business Center and Agri-clinic. 8. Strengthening of market infrastructure and marketing development:- Assistance for setting up of cold storage, cold chains, warehouse, and formation of SHG groups etc. Help may also be provided to SHGs for marketing their products through creation of linkage with several Govt. Agencies. 9. Strengthening of infrastructure to promote extension services :- This would include new initiatives for skill development and training to the farming community and to revamp the existing State Agricultural Extension System. 10. Activities relating to enhancement of horticultural production and popularization of micro irrigation system:- Assistance would be available for nursery development, horticulture activities including marketing and drip/sprinkler irrigation. 11. Animal husbandry and Fisheries development activity:- Assistance would be available for bringing about improvement in fodder production, genetic up-gradation of cattle and buffaloes, enhancement of milk production, enlarging raw material base for leather industry, improvement in livestock health, poultry development, and development of small ruminants and enhanced fish production. 12. Special project for beneficiaries of land reforms:- Assistance would be available for improving the net income of this category of beneficiaries of land reforms who are usually small and marginal farmers. To make agriculture more viable for them by making capital investments on land development, irrigation, high- 14

20 technology infrastructure in emerging areas such as floriculture, horticulture, seed production etc. Specific projects for groups of such beneficiaries can also be taken up with provision for common infrastructure. Table 1: Details of different projects implemented under RKVY during in H.P A) Production Growth Sr. Name of No. Stakeholder(s) Project /activity Outlay (Rs.Lakh) Expenditure (Rs.Lakh) 1. Horticulture Apple Rejuvenation Project Animal Husbandry Horticulture Development through Farm Mechanization Sub Total Organization of camps to carry out extension activities Providing veterinary medicine and equipment s to veterinary dispensaries opened under Mukhymantri Arogya Pashudhan Yojana. Augmenting Sustainability and growth of sheep & goat sector Sub Total Fisheries Increase in Fish production Industries Strengthening of sericulture support system for production of quality Bivoltine silk Agriculture organic farming CSKHPKV, Palampur i) Agriculture ii) Veterinary College Crop diversification through cultivation of vegetable crops Sub-Total Technological interventions for protected cultivation of vegetable crops Management strategies for yellow rust of wheat Distribution of liquid bio fertilizer in Kangra district for cash crop under protected cultivation and development of recommendation based on field experience. Management of Bovine infertility through improved scientific interventions Sub Total UHF Nauni Establishment of in-situ plantation of stone fruits at replanted site under rain fed conditions. Integrated Project on the production of elite planting material of important vegetable, flower and fruit

21 Sr. No. Name of Stakeholder(s) Project /activity Outlay (Rs.Lakh) Expenditure (Rs.Lakh) crops of Solan District. 8. H.P State Agriculture Marketing Board Sub Total Post-Harvest Management System and Mandi Automation Information System. Development of Regulated Markets under Public Private Partnership Sub Total Total B) Infrastructure & Assets Stakeholder Project /activity Outlay Expenditure (Rs.Lakh) (Rs.Lakh) 1. Horticulture Setting up of Vermi Compost Units Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms Development of Progeny Orchards,Nurseries and Mushroom Units Sub-Total Animal Strengthening of Veterinary Institutions and Husbandry augmentation of cold chain facilities for vaccine storage and transportation. Augmentation of liquid nitrogen production facilities at Semen Bank Solan Developing Infrastructural facilities for facilitating sheep & goat breeders. Strengthening of Milk Processing plants Sub- Total Agriculture Minor Irrigation/ Bore well,shallow Well Strengthening of Agriculture Infrastructure Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojana Sub Total CSKHPKV, Palampur (Veterinary) Strengthening of Animal Disease Investigation Laboratory II Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of Veterinarians and Para-professionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field Veterinary Hospitals Sub- Total UHF Nauni Establishment of quality seed processing plant, seed testing laboratory and production of quality seed/planting material of vegetable and spice crops. YSP UHF mobile plant health clinic for rural and remote area of Sirmour District

22 C) Special Projects a) NMPS Sub Total Total % Administrative Cost Grand Total (A+B) Sr.No Stakeholder Project /activity Outlay (Rs.Lakh) Expenditure (Rs.Lakh) 1. Animal Provision of quality Artificial Insemination Services Husbandry at the door step of the farmer. Improving productivity of goats under conventional small holder/pastoral system. Efficiency improvement and skill development of milk producers. Sub Total b) Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters Sr. Stakeholder Project /activity Outlay Expenditure No (Rs.Lakh) (Rs.Lakh) 1 Agriculture Vegetable initiative for urban clusters Total (Special Projects) Grand Total (A+B+C) Source:Deptt. of Agriculture 17

23 CHAPTER - V STUDY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY For achieving the objective of the present evaluation study, the following methodological steps have been strategized in a planned manner: The present evaluation study was based on both primary and secondary data and information collected from different government agencies implementing RKVY in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The secondary data details relates to physical and financial performance of different projects under RKVY including targets and achievements. The data was collected from the Directorates of Agriculture, Horticulture& Animal Husbandry, Industries and Fisheries. The data relating to progress under different projects, in terms of physical and financial achievements and targets was collected, processed and analysed. The district wise details were collected in order to assess their performance levels among different districts and also to address the issues of regional imbalances, if any, in the project implementation. Primary data was collected from the sample beneficiaries after preparing a wellstructured questionnaire. A sample questionnaire used for collection of data is given at Annexure 2. A minimum of 50 to 60 beneficiaries were contacted under each project in the sample district(s). For impact assessment at the beneficiary level the technique of pre & post project approach was adopted. For the purpose of collecting primary data from the target group multi stage sampling method was adopted. A total of 35 projects were being implemented by different stakeholders in the State. After discussions with the Director, Department of Agriculture, Himachal Pradesh, 11 projects were identified for evaluation under RKVY. A number of field visits were taken up in the project area in the state to evaluate these projects. As per terms of reference field visit to the following projects were undertaken by the team to assess the impact of the projects. Table 5.1: Production Growth Sr. No. Name of Stakeholder(s) Project /activity Outlay(Rs. Lakh) Expenditure (Rs. Lakh) 1. Horticulture Horticulture Development through Farm Mechanization 2. Animal Husbandry Organization of camps to carry out extension activities

24 Sr. No. Name of Stakeholder(s) Project /activity Outlay(Rs. Lakh) Expenditure (Rs. Lakh) 3. Fisheries Increase in fish production Industries Strengthening of sericulture support system for production of quality Bivoltine silk Agriculture organic farming CSKHPKV, Palampur Agriculture Technological interventions for protected cultivation of vegetable crops Infrastructure & Assets (In lakh) Stakeholder Project /activity Outlay(Rs. Lakh) Expenditure (Rs. Lakh) 1. Horticulture Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms Animal Strengthening of Veterinary Institutions and Husbandry augmentation of cold chain facilities for vaccine storage and transportation. 3. Agriculture Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojana CSKHPKV, Palampur (Veterinary) Special Projects Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of Veterinarians and Para-professionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field Veterinary Hospitals i)nmps (In lakh) Sr.No Stakeholder Project /activity Outlay(Rs. Lakh) Expenditure (Rs. Lakh) 1. Animal Husbandry Provision of quality artificial insemination services at the door step of the farmers Source:Deptt. of Agriculture The districts for the field visit have been selected in such a way, so as to give overall picture of the State. The blocks/project sites were selected in each district after detailed discussions with the field level functionaries, so that, total area where project is being implemented is covered. Since each project has various components, the impact assessment was undertaken for those components, where the benefits accruing could be captured objectively and can be quantified efficiently. A series of discussions at different levels of functionaries were held to assess the coverage of project implementation and to identify strengths and weaknesses of the 19

25 projects. Accordingly, a team of officers from NABCONS visited all the identified districts and held discussions with the district level departmental officials on various aspects relating to implementation of the projects. Field visits to the project sites were undertaken and detailed discussions were held with the beneficiaries to assess utilization under the projects. Sampling frame of the sample household: This represents the number of districts, blocks, villages and beneficiaries selected for our primary survey. A total number of 5 districts and 19 blocks were covered in the sample across the state. The selected districts were Shimla,Kinnaur,Kullu,Mandi, Kangra and the selected blocks were Rampur, Rohru,Chhohara, Chopal in Shimla district and Kalpa,Pooh in Kinnaur district and Mandi, Balh, Gohar, Sunder Naggar,Drang, in Mandi district and Kullu, Naggar, Banjar in Kullu district and Bhedumahadev, Baijnath, Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra, Dharamshala, Rait in Kangra district.the number of villages surveyed were more than 100 whereby on an average, around 20 villages per district and 4 & 5villages in each block were surveyed to draw the sample of 4 to 5 beneficiaries from each block, as objective was to cover all the activities covered under the program. Table 2: Details of selected households covered across the state: Sr. No Particular Numbers 1. No. of districts covered No. of blocks covered 19 3 No. of beneficiaries covered

26 Table 3:Sector-wise details of households covered (No of beneficiaries): Sr.No Particular Numbers 1. Agriculture Horticulture Animal Husbandry Fisheries 25 Sector-wise details of households covered (No. of beneficiaries) 10% 30% 32% Agriculture Horticulture Animal Husbandry Fisheries 28% Table 5: Project wise number of districts and villages visited: Sr.No. Name of project District visited Villages visited 1. Organic Farming Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojana Mechanization of Horticulture Creation of water sources at horticulture farms 5 Organization of camps to carry out extension activities Strengthening of Veterinary 5 NA Institutions and augmentation of cold chain facilities for vaccine storage and transportation: 7 Provision of quality artificial insemination services at the door step of farmers 21

27 8 Increase in fish production Strengthening of sericulture extension system for production of quality bivoltine silk 10 Technological intervention for protected cultivation of vegetable crops 11 Strengthening veterinary clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary hospitals Limitations of the Study: The study has following limitations Farm 01 Agriculture University Palampur 01 Agriculture University Palampur The quantitative impact of the projects could not be measured accurately, as the subsidy component of the total investment was too low to arrive at a definite conclusion. The study gives general idea about the utilisation of subsidy and its effect on investments in the year under reference. The projects evaluated were expected to have a demonstrative effect and its resultant impact could be judged in the long term only. Thus the broader impact of these projects could not be captured accurately after a short span of one year after its implementation. 22

28 CHAPTER - VI MAJOR OBSERVATIONS OF THE STUDY Project-wise major observations of the study and suggestions are given in this chapter. Project 1: Organic Farming 1. Introduction: The cultivation of crops without chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides can be termed as organic farming. This helps in keeping environment clean, maintaining ecological balance and providing stability to production level without polluting soil, water and air. While using chemical pesticides, chemical residues remains in agriculture /horticulture produce which affects consumers adversely. In fact this is the only means for achieving stable and sustainable production. Organic farming aims at the judicious and scientific use of natural resources not only for immediate gain but also for future. In the organic farming we can make use of farmyard manure (FYM), compost, vermin-compost, bio fertilizers, bio pesticide, crop residues, grass & tree wastes, animal excreta, sewage and sludge, etc. This can also be supplemented through green manuring. The project provided for sensitization; to create awareness and motivation regarding adoption of organic farming through farmers training camps. Concurrent evaluation of the project was done in Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur districts. Distt.Kangra Project of organic(tea garden) farming Dev. Block Baijnath Distt.Kangra Project of organic farmingdev. Block Panchrukhi Distt.Mandi Project of organic farming Dev. Block Gohar Distt.Mandi Project of organic farming Dev. Block Mandi 23

29 2. Objectives of the Project: 1. Creating awareness amongst the farming community regarding organic farming. 2. vermin-composting to increase the availability of organic inputs at farm level. 3. environment friendly agriculture. 4. To improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, shelf life and flavour of farm produce. 5. Popularization of bio fertilizers. 6. To reduce use of chemical fertilizers and pesticide. 7. Improve health and water retention power of soil. 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Deputy Director of Agriculture of the selected districts, for which impact study was assigned and discussed the status of the project. 2. At block level this issue was discussed with SMS (Agri.) and collected primary data Villages were selected by adopting suitable sampling method households belonging to farmers were selected from these villages. 5. The information from sample families was collected in the format devised for this purpose. 6. The information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report Table: - Primary data collection in promotion of organic farming: Sr. No Intervention Unit Pre-Project status Status at the time of the evaluation study Total increase Percentage increase 1 Vermicompost unit No Nil % 2 Production of Kg Nil % vermi compost 3 Area under Ha % organic farming 24

30 4. Physical and Financial Performance during Table 1 Sr. no Name of activity 1 Area expansion under promotion of organic farming:50% Rs /- per ha for 3yrs. 2 Organic 5.0 lakh for a cluster of 50 ha for 3yrs.(Rs.1.5lakh,1.5 lakh &Rs. 2.0 lakh in first,second & third respectively) year 3 Setting up of ISI marked HDPE vermin bed of size 12x4x2 ft. 4 Support for organizing international,national, state organic fairs, Exhibition & publicity through electronic print media etc. Physical and Financial Target Phy Ha. Fin. (Rs. lakh) Phy. (No) Fin. (Rs. lakh) Kangra Kinnaur Mandi Kullu Shimla Achiev ement (%) % % % % Phy % (No) Fin. (Rs. lakh) % Phy Fin. (Rs. lakh) Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Agriculture at district level is headed by Deputy Director Agriculture who is supported by District Agriculture Officer and Agriculture Development Officers. At block level, Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) is supported by Agriculture Development Officer, Agriculture Extension Officer and other supporting staff. During the field visits it was observed that the staff at block level was inadequate to carry out implementation and monitoring of the project properly. 25

31 6. System of identification of beneficiaries: Block wise targets of the project were allocated to the SMS by the Deputy Director of Agriculture of district. The SMS bifurcated and further allocated target to the ADOs and AEOs. To implement this project these officers selected some innovators and briefed them about different components of the project and guided/facilitated them to prepare vermi-compost pits as per specification. The department also provided technical guidance/ inputs to the farmers who were not covered under the project but showed inclination to take up the activity. There was also a provision of implementing the project through NGOs. These NGOs were empanelled by the department and target area was allocated to them for implementing the project. The NGOs implemented the project under guidance and supervision of the department. Moraka Foundation, an NGO promoted organic farming in 100 ha each in Kinnaur and Kullu district. Besides this, Farm Technocrats promoted organic farming in100 ha of district Kangra and International Competence Centre (ICCOA) in 100ha of district Mandi Distt.KulluProject of organic farming Dev. Block Kullu Distt.KulluProject of organic farming Dev. Block Nagar Distt.KinnaurProject for of organic farmingdev. Block Kalpa Distt.Kinnaur Project of organic farming Dev. Block Nichar Distt.Shimla Project of organic farming Dev. Block Rampur 26

32 For carrying out evaluation of the project farmers from different areas were selected randomly and information was gathered from them in the prescribed format. As per feedback received from the sample beneficiaries, they make use of vermin-compost as per recommendation of Extension Officers of the department. 7. Monitoring Mechanism & its Effectiveness: At present Subject Matter Specialists in block headquarter are expected to closely monitor the progress on a regular basis, however, due to lack of adequate staff, physical monitoring of each and every beneficiary farmer was not possible. The project was reviewed at the monthly meeting convened in district headquarter along with other projects and programmes. 8. Impact of the Project: 1. The project definitely had an impact on the beneficiary farmers as it helped in reducing dependence on use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Some beneficiaries have adopted vermin-composting as an additional source of income by selling worms and vermin-compost. 2. The project besides helping the farmers in improving the quality and quantity of agricultural /horticulture produce also helped them in optimum usage of cow-dung thereby ensuring better cleanliness. The farmers appreciated the department for creating awareness on the subject and helped in change of perception that change to organic farming would leave a better legacy for future generations. Graphical representation of pre & post analysis of projectfor Organic Farming: Pre-Project status Status at the time of the evaluation study Vermicompost Unit In Nos. Area under organic farming in Ha Production of Vermincompost in Quintals 27

33 Percentage increase in number of Vermi Compost Unit area under Organic Farming - Post Project Implementation: 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Percentage Increase 100% 100% 18 % Vermicompost Units Vermicompost Production Area under Organic Farming - Percentage Increase 3. In Himachal Pradesh agricultural operations are mostly carried out by women farmers. Providing vermin- compost pits to Mahila Krishak Samoohs may result in better care and proper utilization of the units. 4. Most of the beneficiaries applied organic inputs in their farm and were supplied with sufficient manure and bio pesticides as per there requirement. 5. The cost of cultivation has decreased by use of organic manure 6. All the beneficiaries were satisfied with the effectiveness of the project in relation to its implementation and redressal mechanism of the Govt. Department. 9. Observation/Suggestion 1. While conducting evaluation study it was indicated by a few farmers that they could not get benefit of the project due to lack of awareness. It is suggested that there should be wide publicity of the project so that maximum farmers may get benefit. 2. There is considerable improvement in produce and farmers get about 15 to 25 % more price of their produce. It was also indicated by the farmers that quality of soil has also improved by usage of vermin-compost. 28

34 3. 70 numbers of vermin-compost units covered the project produced kg of vermin-compost and there was 100% increase in its production. Also, the area under organic farming increased from 45.5 ha to 53.5 ha, registering an increase of 18%. 4. As per feedback received from the farmers more budget provision should have been kept under the project to cover left out interested farmers. 5. A few farmers indicated that there is no proper market for organic products and sometimes they are not getting adequate price of their produce. It is therefore suggested that the agriculture department may intervene in this matter to address this problem. 6. There was mixed response of farmers regarding support for organizing organic fair. The Department may take care that arrangement for organic fair may be made by the department as per the need of the beneficiary. 29

35 Project -2: Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna: 1. Introduction: Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna is a component of RKVY project. As Himachal Pradesh is a hilly state and top priority is given to harvest runoff water so that maximum possible area may be brought under irrigation. It also helps in mitigation of soil erosion problem. Under this component of RKVY project a village is selected in consultation with Member of Legislative Assembly of that Constituency. Concurrent evaluation of the project was done in Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur district. Distt Kangra Project of Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna.Development block Bajjnath Distt KulluProject of Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna.Development block Kullu 2. Objectives of the Project: The main objective of the project is holistic development in agriculture and allied sector. The plan of development is prepared keeping in view the needs of the farmers and local conditions. As there is acute shortage of irrigation facilities and therefore activities promoting irrigation potential were given preference. With availability of irrigation facilities, the farmers may switch over from traditional crops to high value crops resulting in increase in their income level. 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study: 1. As per terms of reference, the study team contacted the Deputy Director of Agriculture of identified districts and District Mandi Project of Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna.Development block Balh District Mandi Project of Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna.Development block Gohar District Shimla Project of Adarsh Krishi Gaon Yojna.Development block Rampur 30

36 Sr. No discussed the status of the project. 2. At Sub division level this issue was discussed with SDSCO and collected primary data villages were selected by adopting suitable sampling method. 4. The information from sample families was collected in the format devised for this purpose. 5. The information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusions and prepare impact report. 4. Physical and Financial Performance during Table 2 District No Constituency Block Panchayat Activity Estimated cost (Rs.in lakh) 1 Kangra 1 Dharamshala Dharamshala Tangroti Irrigation Project:1 No. 2 Palampur Bhawarna Darati Community Water Harvesting Structure /Tanks - 5No.(WHS) Irrigation Projects - 4No.500Mtr s Long 3 Baijnath-sc Baijnath Sehal Community WHS:- 4Nos. Community Flow Irrigation Project:- 5 Nos 4 Kangra Kangra Nandehar Flow Irrigation Project: 1 No. 2 Kinnaur 1 Kinnaur Nichar Tranda Vegetable Collection Centers 3 Kullu 1 Kullu Kullu Mashna Community WHS/ Tanks: 4 Nos. (50.00Cum) Community WHS/ Total Amount (Rs.in lakh) Ach. (%) % % % % % %

37 Tanks: 4 Nos (20.00Cum ) Irrigation Project( C. C. kuhal & pipe ) 2 Manali Nagar Hallan-1 Community WHS/ Tanks: 10 Nos. (50.00Cum) Flow Irrigation Project 3 Banjar Banjar Deotha Community WHS/ Tanks: 4 Nos. (50.00 Cum) Community WHS/ Tanks: 4 Nos (20.00Cum ) 4 Mandi 1 Sadar Mandi Sadar Kotli Community WHS/ Tank: 2Nos. C/o Head Weirs : 2 No. 2 Balh Balh Kummi Community WHS/ Tank: 3Nos. Shallow Bore Wells - 2 Nos. Shallow Tube Wells - 12 Nos. 3 Sunder Nagar Sunder Nagar Jambla Community Tank; 4 Nos: Community WHS: 3Nos. 4 Drang Drang Silag Community WHS/Tank: 4 Nos. Flow Irrigation project: 1 No. 5 Shimla 1 Rampur Rampur Deothi Community WHS/ Tanks: 11 Nos. 2 Chopal Chopal Ghorna Community WHS/ % % % % % % % % 32

38 3 Jubbal Kotkhai Tanks: 3 Nos. Irrigation Project : 1 No. Jubbal Pujarli-4 Community WHS/ Tanks: 5 Nos. 4 Rohru Rohru Samoli Community WHS/ Tanks: 5 Nos % % 5. Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Agriculture at district level is headed by Deputy Director Agriculture, supported by District Agriculture Officer and Agriculture Development Officers. At Sub Divisional Level, there is one SDSCO supported by Agriculture Development Officer, Agriculture Extension Officer and other supporting staff. During evaluation it was observed that the staff at block level was inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project on regular basis. 6. Monitoring Mechanism and its Effectiveness: At Sub Divisional level, Soil Conservation Officers are expected to closely monitor the progress on a regular basis. However, due to lack of adequate staff, physical monitoring of each and every beneficiary farmer was not done. The project was reviewed in the monthly meetings convened in district headquarter along with other projects and programmes. 7. Impact of the Project: 1. Average annual income of the household has increased post project 2. The major crops raised under the project are wheat, vegetable, pulses etc. 3. Under this project mainly community water storage structures have been created and old structures have been renovated so that the rain fed area is brought under irrigation. The farmers in the area have switched over to more paying crops by which their income has increased. Besides this, irrigation is available under drought conditions which resulted in increase in production and productivity. 33

39 8. Observations/Suggestions 1. During evaluation study it was observed that the farmers are eager to have benefit of the project but the budget provision under this project was very limited. Therefore it is suggested that the more budget provision may be made so that more farmers may be covered under this project. 2. Since similar investments are covered under projects being implemented by other departments therefore there is need for dove tailing /convergence with such projects. 3. As land holdings of majority of farmers are very small and so their produce is also meagre. Bringing the produce to the market by individual farmer is a costly affair.it is suggested that farmers may be guided to form groups which may be affiliated to a federation, to undertake marketing collectively. 4. Farmers may be persuaded to adopt micro irrigation systems like sprinkler and drip irrigation so that more area can be covered with the same quantity of water. 5. The farmers may be advised to switch over from traditional crops to high value crops in areas where irrigation potential has been created so that their income may be enhanced. 6. The training and exposure regarding the project need to be strengthened 34

40 Project3: Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms. 1. Introduction: In Himachal Pradesh about 78% area is under rain-fed conditions and so major area under agriculture/horticulture depends on rains. Irrigation is a big challenge for farmers. To cope up with the situation the department of Horticulture, Himachal Pradesh is implementing centrally sponsored project Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms under RKVY. Under this component 50% subsidy (max Rs.72000/-) is provided to the farmer for construction of water storage tank so that more area may be brought under irrigation. Concurrent evaluation of the project was done in Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, and Shimla district. 2. Objectives of the Project: The main objective of the project is to bring rain fed area under irrigation so that orchardist may be able to provide lifesaving irrigation under water stressed conditions.the farmers can also cultivate high value crops in their holding. The farmers can also switch over to floriculture to enhance their income. Distt. Kangra Project Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms at Development Block Rait Distt.Mandi Project Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms at Development Block Mandi Distt.Mandi Project Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms at Development Block Mandi Distt.Kullu Project Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms at Development Block Nagar Distt.Shimla Project Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms at Development Block Rampur 35

41 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study - 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director of Horticulture at State level and discussed the implementation status of the project. 2. At district level, Deputy Director (Hort.) was contacted and secondary data collected. 3. At block level methodology adopted for implementation of project was discussed with SMS (Hort.) and primary data collected villages were selected by adopting suitable sampling method households of farmers were selected from these villages. 6. The information from sample family was collected in the format devised for this purpose. 7. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusions and prepare impact report. Table: - Primary data collection of Creation of water sources at Horticulture farms Sr. no Intervention Unit Pre- Project status 1 Construction of Water storage tank 2 Water storage capacity created 3 Area brought under irrigation Status at the time of the evaluation study Total increase Increase percentage Remarks No % - Cu. mtrs % The increase in water capacity is on account of tanks constructed under this project Ha % Area is calculated on the basis of water storage created under this project 4 Income enhanced by area brought under irrigation Rs % - 36

42 4. Physical and Financial Performance during Table3.1 Sr. No Name of district Name activity of 1 Shimla Creation of water sources at horticulture farms 2 Kullu Creation of water sources at horticulture farms 3 Kangra Creation of water sources at horticulture farms 4 Mandi Creation of water sources at horticulture farms Activity Creation of RCC water storage tank Creation of RCC water storage tank Creation of RCC water storage tank Creation of RCC water storage tank Assistance Physical Total Target per unit target amount Ach. (Rs.) (no) (Rs in (No) Lakh) Organizational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Horticulture at district level is headed by Deputy Director, Horticulture, who is supported by District Horticulture Officer. At block level, there is one Subject Matter Specialist (SMS), a Horticulture Development Officer, Horticulture Extension Officer and other support staff. The staff at block level is inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project. 6. Impact of the Project: 1. Under this project 50 % subsidy (maximum up to Rs.70000/-) is provided to a beneficiary for construction of water storage tank. The benefit of subsidy was given to the farmers under this component over a period of 2-3 years. Now, the beneficiaries are able to provide irrigation to the fruit plants during water stressed condition and are getting more yield of good quality. Besides water is also being used for spray of pesticides.if the beneficiaries take up high value crops, there would be considerable enhancement in their income. 37

43 2. Under this components 39 number of water storage tank with storage capacity of 1282 cubic. meter have been constructed and there was 8 % increase in annual income of the target population. Pre and Post Analysis of Project Construction of Water storage tank in Nos. Water storage capacity created in Cum 38.5 Area brought under irrigation in Ha Annual Income in Rs 000' Pre-Project Status Status at the time of the evaluation study Percentage Increase in Water Storage Tanks, capacity, Irrigated Area and Income 120% 100% 100% 100% 100% % % 8% % % 0% 39 Construction of Water storage tank in Nos Water storage capacity created in Cum 38.5 Area brought under irrigation in Ha Income in Rs Total increase Percentage increase 7. Observation/Suggestion 1. During evaluation study it was observed that many farmers are eager to adopt the project but the budget provision under this project is very limited. Therefore it is suggested that more budget provision may be made, so that more number of farmers may be covered under this project. 38

44 2. Some farmers indicated about lack of awareness about project because of which they could not take its benefit. It is therefore, suggested that there is a need to give wide publicity about project and there should be transparency in selection of beneficiaries. 3. The farmers reported that the subsidy amount of Rs 70000/-is not sufficient as the topography of state is very tough and the carriage charges are very high. 4. As per prevailing practice, the department of horticulture releases the subsidy amount after completion of tank. Since most of the farmers are not in position to arrange funds out of their own sources, they therefore suggested that the subsidy amount may be released in advance. 39

45 Project 4: Project for Farm Mechanisation 1. Introduction: The mechanization involves judicious application of inputs by using horticulture machinery/equipment, e.g., hand tools, bullock drawn equipment, power driven machines for performing various operations required for crop production activities. The mechanization ensures reduction of drudgery associated with various farm operations and also economize utilization of inputs and thereby ensuring harnessing the potential of available resources. Mechanization plays a very important role in saving labour and time in farm practices. The concurrent evaluation of the project was done in Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur district. Distt.Kangra Project for Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Dharmshala Distt.Kangra Project for Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Rait Distt.Kinnaur Project for Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Kalpa 2. Objectives of the project: 1. Reduce the cost of cultivation. 2. Save the crops from pest and diseases to avoid losses. 3. Application of pesticides with effective plant protection equipments. 4. Reduce drudgery to all farmers including small and marginal farmers. 5. gender friendly equipment s. Distt.Kinnaur Project for Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Kalpa Distt.Mandi Project for Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Kullu 40

46 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study 1. As per terms of reference, the study team contacted the Director of Horticulture at State level and discussed the status of the project. 2. At district level, Deputy Director (Hort.) was contacted and secondary data collected. 3. At block level, methodology adopted for implementation of project was discussed with SMS (Hort.) and primary data collected villages were selected by adopting suitable sampling method household of farmers were selected from these villages. 6. The information from sample families was collected on the format devised for this purpose. 7. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusions and prepare impact report. Table: - Primary data collection of Farm Mechanisation: Sr. Intervention Unit Pre- Status at Total Increase Remarks No Project the time increase Percentage status of the evaluation study 1 Power Tiller No % - 2 Area brought under cultivation in this project 3 Income enhanced by bringing additional area under cultivation Ha % - Rs % - 41

47 4. Physical and Financial Performance during : Sr. No Name of District Table 4 Name of activity Activity Assistance per unit (Rs.) Physical target (No) Total amount (Rs.in Lakh) Target Achievement (%) 1 Shimla Horticulture development Power Tiller % through farm mechanization 2 Kullu Horticulture development Power Tiller % through farm mechanization 3 Kangra Horticulture development Power Tiller % through farm mechanization 4 Kinnaur Horticulture development Power Tiller % through farm mechanization Total % 5. Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Horticulture at district level is headed by Deputy Director Horticulture and supported by District Horticulture Officer and a Horticulture Officer. At block level there is one Subject Matter Specialist (SMS), a Horticulture Development Officer, Horticulture Extension Officer and other support staff. The staff at block level was inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project in a planned manner. 6. System of identification of beneficiaries: Farmers were selected on first come first serve basis. In case of Power Tiller beneficiaries, subsidy is released after the farmer has purchased the machine and completed all formalities of its registration. In case of other farm machineries, share of farmer was first obtained by the department and implements/ equipments were supplied thereafter. 42

48 7. Monitoring mechanism & its effectiveness: The implements purchased under the project were inspected by the horticulture officers before release of subsidy. Every implement purchased was either supplied by the department or inspected properly. The project helped in popularization of use of power tillers, manual operator, power equipment etc. Distt.Kullu Project of Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Nagar 8. Impact of the Project: 1. The agriculture/horticulture sector is facing problem of labour shortage. Farm mechanization has helped in mitigating the problem of growing labour shortage. The farmers indicated that there was significant savings in labour cost in agricultural operations due to usage of farm implements. It also helped in reducing the cost of operations. 2. Farming operations particularly, sowing and harvesting have to be carried out in timely manner to obtain optimum yield. Farmers not having their own machinery/implements depended on others, this delayed the operations. Now they are able to do it in time. Distt. Shimla Project of Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Rampur Distt.Shimla Project of Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Rampur Distt.Shimla Project of Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Rohru Distt.Shimla Project of Farm Mechanization Dev. Block Rohru 43

49 3. Improvement in yield on account of timeliness in operation was reported by the beneficiaries. 4. Barring a few (10% of the farmers) the implements were used by the farmers for carrying out seasonal operations in their fields. 5. Most of the beneficiaries are using power tiller as farm equipment under the project. 6. Apple was the prominent horticulture crop cultivated by the beneficiaries. 7. The beneficiaries had positive opinion about the training and exposure under the projects and they did not have difficulty in operating the equipment after training. 8. There was no difficulty in repair and maintenance of the equipment s purchase under the projects as expressed by the beneficiaries. 9. The beneficiaries were satisfied with the implementation and redressal mechanism etc. 9. Suggestions/Observations 1. The department was facilitating the farmers with list of approved manufacturers/ company for purchase of farm machinery. The farmers were free to purchase equipment s from any of the approved list of manufacturers. The dealer network was found to be adequate. 2. The average cost of the selected farm implements viz. power tiller, power equipment, manual operator was calculated based on the data collected from the sample farmers. It was observed that the subsidy disbursed was less than 50% of the actual cost of the implements, as the unit cost fixed for calculation of subsidy amount was less than the market rate. 3. Although subsidy is available for tractors and power tillers but most of the farmers prefer to buy a tractor due to its multiple uses. 4. As per feedback received from the farmers, the subsidy amount of Rs 50000/- is insufficient as market rate of power tiller is in range of Rs 2 lakh to 3 lakh. They demanded that subsidy limit should be hiked. 44

50 5. It was observed that many farmers are eager to have benefit of the project but the budget provision under this project is very limited. Therefore it is suggested that adequate budget provision may be made so that more farmers may be covered. 6. Some farmers indicated that due to lack of awareness about this project, they were not able to take benefit. It is therefore suggested that there should be wide publicity of project and there should be transparency in selection of beneficiaries. 45

51 Project 5: Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity 1. Introduction : One of the main objectives of the Animal Husbandry Department is to carryout vaccination of livestock for prevention of outbreaks of contagious diseases. The facility of vaccination at the doorstep of the livestock owner is being provided from 2142 institutions of the department which include 7 Polyclinics, 332 veterinary Hospitals, 30 Central Veterinary Dispensaries, 1767 Veterinary Dispensaries and 6 Veterinary Check Post. Apart from these institutions, 1253 Veterinary Dispensaries opened under Mukhyamantri Arogya Pashudhan Yojna are also providing this facility. The Department of Animal Husbandry has an extensive public dealing and these institutions require strengthening. Crossbred livestock population of the state is about 40% but, due to lack of awareness, the livestock is still being reared by the livestock owners on the old traditional lines, because of which optimum milk, wool and meat production is not being achieved in the state. In order to create awareness amongst the livestock owners, it is proposed to organize camps at Block level and Panchayat level Distt.Kangra Project of Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity Distt.Kangra Project of Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity Distt.Kinnaur Project of Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity Distt.Kinnaur Project oforganization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity Distt.Mandi Project of Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity 46

52 2. Objectives of the project: 1. Capacity building of farmers through organizing farmers training camp. 2. To redress the problems of farmers by giving them proper solution of their problem 3. To enhance their knowledge and skill by organizing training camps for the farmers 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director of Animal Husbandry at the State level and discussed the status of the project. 2. At district level this issue was discussed with Deputy Director (A.H) and Secondary data was collected \ 3. At sub division this issue was discussed with sub division officer and primary data collected villages were selected by adopting suitable sampling method. 5. Further 75 households belonging to farmers were selected from these villages. 6. The information from sample family was collected on the format devised for this purpose. 7. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report. 4. Physical and Financial Performance: Table 5: Details of physical and financial targets achieved under the Project Sr. No Name District of Target of Camps to be organized (no) Unit /Cost (Rs.) Total Amount (Rs.) 1 Kangra % Target achievement (%) 2 Mandi % 3 Kullu % 4 Shimla % 5 Kinnaur % 47

53 5. Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Animal Husbandry at district level is headed by Deputy Director Animal Husbandry supported by Assistant Director Project & Assistant Director Extension. At sub-division level there is one SVO and Panchayat level Pharmacist. During the field visits it was observed that the staff at block level was inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project on regular basis. 6. Impact of the Project: At the time of conducting evaluation study of this project, as per feedback received from the farmers, the following impact of this project was noticed. Distt.Mandi Project of Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity Distt.Shimla Project of Organization of Camps to carry out Extension Activity 1. Their knowledge and skill has been updated /enhanced. 2. The problem faced by them in day to day routine was addressed and they benefitted considerably. 3. They have learned about better cattle management and disease control. 4. Through these training camps, they have acquainted themselves with the different projects being implemented by the department. 5. The beneficiaries were of the view that the number of institutions providing the veterinary services has increased post project. 6. The facilities were also available at odd hours which were appreciated by the beneficiaries. 7. Observation/Suggestion 1. In Himachal Pradesh population in villages is scattered and approach is very tough, therefore it is suggested that such farmer training camps may be organized at Panchayat level so that more farmers would be benefited. 48

54 Project 6: Strengthening of Veterinary Institutions and augmentation of Cold Chain facilities for vaccine storage and transportation. 1. Introduction: One of the main objectives of the Animal Husbandry Department is to carryout vaccination of livestock for prevention of outbreaks of contagious diseases. The facility of vaccination at the doorstep of the livestock owner is being provided from 2142 institutions of the department which include 7 Polyclinics, 332 veterinary Hospitals, 30 Central Veterinary Dispensaries, 1767 Veterinary Dispensaries and 6 Veterinary Check Post. Apart from these institutions, 1253 Veterinary Dispensaries opened under Mukhyamantri Arogya Pashudhan Yojana (MAPY) are also providing this facility. The Department of Animal Husbandry has an extensive public dealing and therefore requires strengthening with adequate manpower and facilities. Vaccines are sensitive biological products which may become less effective, or even destroyed, when exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range. Cold-sensitive vaccines experience an immediate loss of potency following freezing. Vaccines exposed to temperatures above the recommended temperature range are vulnerable to loss of potency with each episode of exposure. Repetitive exposure to hot climate results in a cumulative loss of potency which is not reversible. 2. Objectives 1. To maintain the potency of vaccines. 2. To check vaccine failures as administration of compromised vaccine may result in the reemergence or occurence of vaccine preventable contagious disease. 3. To avoid loss of vaccines as they are expensive and are of short supply. 4. To strengthen Veterinary Institutions by providing two office chairs and one office table. 3. Methodology for the impact study- 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director of Animal Husbandry of the state level for which impact study was assigned and discussed the modus-operandi of the project. 2. At district level this issue was discussed with Deputy Director (A.H) and secondary data was collected. 49

55 3. The information from sample family was collected in the format devised for this purpose. 4. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report. 4. Physical and Financial Performance: The physical and financial targets and progress achieved against the objectives under the Project- Sr. No Name of activity 1 Walk in Cold Room (10ft x 10ft x 10 ft ) with 2 years warranty including 5 years C.M.C and Generator set 30 KVA Rate/Unit (Rs.) Quantity Total amount (Rs.in lakh) Refrigerated vans Vaccine Refrigerator 250ltrs capacity Vaccine Refrigerator 165 ltrs capacity Vaccine Carriers Office Chairs Office Table Strengthening of training cum Conference Hall at Directorate Strengthening of one Polyclinic Total

56 5. Organizational structure to implement the project: The Department of Animal Husbandry at district level is headed by Deputy Director Animal Husbandry, who is supported by Assistant Director, Project & Assistant Director Extension. At sub-division level there is one SVO and Panchayat level Pharmacist. During the field visits, it was observed that the staff at block level was inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project on regular basis. 6. Impact of the Project: The project is being implemented by the Animal Husbandry department as per the guidelines of the project. Under this project the provision has been made to construct cold room for preserving vaccines at a recommended temperature and to purchase a refrigerated van for transportation of vaccine under controlled conditions. Besides, there is also provision for purchase of some furniture. The project has started recently and some furniture has been purchased and formalities for construction of cold room and refrigerator van have been completed. 51

57 Project 7: Provision of quality artificial insemination services at the door step of the farmers- 1. Introduction: The Himachal Pradesh Livestock & Poultry Development Board (HPLDB) was established as a registered body on under the Societies Act, as per guideline of the Central Govt, under National Project on Cattle and Buffalo Breeding. The HPLDB functions as a nodal agency for providing 100% organized breeding coverage to the breedable Cattle and Buffalo population mostly through Artificial Insemination(A.I) and Natural Service in remote areas of the State with the objective to modify genetic makeup of hilly cattle to increase their productivity. The Himachal Pradesh Livestock & Poultry Development Board through State Animal Husbandry Department is implementing more than 99% of Cattle and Buffalo Breeding Programme in the state. As a result of cross breeding programme the crossbred cattle have increased from 34.95% in 2007 to 45.64% in The improved livestock quality is reflected in marked increase in milk production despite decline in number of cattle and buffaloes. Milk production has grown by 20.08% in the span of five years ( ). Presently there are approx 8.00 lakh breedable cattle and 3.00 lakh breedable buffaloes in Himachal Pradesh.Artificial Insemination facility are being provided for breed improvement in the state from 2012 in the artificial insemination centers. All these artificial insemination centers have been equipped with mobile artificial insemination containers and staff of the department is providing artificial insemination services at the doorstep of the farmers. 2. Objectives 1. To make available high quality semen straws of different breeds at subsidized rates. 2. Breed improvement. 3. To increase in breeding efficiency. 4. To increase in productivity. 5. Provision of quality inputs at veterinary institutions for performing artificial insemination. 52

58 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study- 1.As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director of Animal Husbandry at State level and discussed the status of the project. 2. At district level this issue was discussed with Deputy Director (A.H) and secondary data collected. 3. At sub division this issue was discussed with Sub Division Officer and primary data collected dispensaries were selected by adopting suitable sampling method. 5. The information from sample family was collected in the format devised for this purpose. 6. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report. 4. Physical and Financial Performance: The physical and financial targets and progress during the year in the State is furnished as under:- Sr. Name of Qty Rate Beneficiary RKVY Amount(Rs.lakh) Target No activity (Rs.) share (Rs.) share Beneficiary RKVY Ach. (Rs.) Share share (%)) 1 Semen % straws Cows 2 Semen % straws Buffalo 3 Semen 10, % straws Imported Cow 4 Sexed semen % 5 AI sheath for % pack of 50 6 Empty / % semen straws Straw 7 AUI Gloves for % pack of 8 Liquid Nitrogen Gas /ltrs % 53

59 9 Castrators / % (Large) 10 Castrators / % (Small) 11 Liquid Nitrogen transport container- 3000ltrs (complete) / % 12 Procurement % of new buffalo breeding bulls (Cow and buffalo) and bulls and 44 cow bulls maintenance of breeding bulls at sperm stations with feeding of concentrates /green fodder Total Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Animal Husbandry at district level is headed by Deputy Director, Animal Husbandry, who is supported by Assistant Director, Project & Assistant Director Extension. At sub-division level there is one SVO and Panchayat level Pharmacist. During the field visits it was observed that the staff at block level was inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project on regular basis. 6. Impacts of the Project 1. As there is subsidy on purchase of semen straws so it was available to the farmers at cheaper rate 2. Semen straws are made available to the beneficiaries in remote areas. 3. Semen straws of improved breeds are made available to farmers, which will be beneficial in future. 54

60 7. Observation/Suggestion 1. While conducting evaluation study, it was indicated by some farmers that they are unaware of this project and therefore they could not take benefit of it. It is suggested that there should be wide publicity of the project so that maximum farmers may be covered under the project. 2. As per feedback received from the farmers this project is beneficial for them, farmers suggested that subsidy on other medicines may also be provided so that cattle/disease management is possible at low cost. 3. The beneficiaries informed that many a times veterinary medicines are not available in dispensary and in remote areas these are not available even on sale, whereas these are required urgently by farmers. In that case they have to cover a long distance to purchase these medicines from city areas. In view of this, it is suggested that the department should make arrangement to open sale centres in rural areas or issue licences to private sellers, especially in remote areas. 4. The beneficiaries have appreciated Animal Husbandry Department as they have arranged door step services for welfare of livestock. 55

61 Project 8: Increasing fish production 1. Introduction: Fisheries sector in Himachal Pradesh is mainly captive in nature and is based on reservoirs and riverine resources. Himachal Pradesh has two big and smaller reservoirs having total area of 42,000 hectares and 3000 Km of riverine length out of which 600 Km are trout waters. The annual average fish production is over 9800 tones comprising of carps, trout and cat fishes. Recently, the successful implementation of bilateral Indo- Norwegian Trout farming project in Kullu valley has added new dimensions to fisheries of the state. The state has now ventured in to commercial farming of trout. The technology has received wide acknowledgement in private sector also and large number of farming units are coming up in the state. Fisheries sector is providing selfemployment to over 5000 reservoir fisherman, 6400 riverine fishermen and approximately persons are engaged in aquaculture. With the initiation of various river valley projects and change in the ecology of water downstream reservoir, considerable impact on fisheries has taken place. Blockade of feeding and breeding of various hill stream fishes such as Mahseers and Singhara etc. has resulted in the decrease in catches. Distt.Kullu project of Increase fish production under Trout fish pond Distt.Kinnaur project of Increase fish production under Trout fish pond Distt.Kinnaur project of Increase fish production under Trout fish pond Distt.Shimla project of Increase fish production under Back Yard pond 56

62 There is hardly any technology available in the country for the mass production of fish seed of these fishes and as such till date their existence in riverine water is directly dependent upon natural breeding and conservation measures adopted by the department at various levels. Reservoirs and rivers are main sources of fish production in the state. The fishermen generally sell their catches locally to villagers and nearby markets. Reservoir fishermen have been organized into co-operative societies. There are 49 fishermen co-operative societies in the reservoir area with a total membership of 6973 fishermen. Marketing of landed fish in the reservoirs is made though annual lift contract by open auction mode. With over 30 years of experience on its back in the management of large reservoirs, the Department of Fisheries, (despite the fact that it has no control over the regulation of water level in the reservoirs) attained top position in the Distt.Kangra project of Increase fish production fish pond Distt.Kangra project of Increase fish production Community fish pond Distt. Mandi project of Increase fish production fish pond under Backyard under under Backyard country in terms of per hectare fish production as well as provision of Distt.Mandi project of Increase fish production under Community fish pond remunerative price to its fishermen. On an average, fish worth over Rs crore is being netted out from state reservoirs annually and out of this over Rs crore goes to the fishermen and balance Rs.2.00 crore as government revenue. Distt.Kinnaur project of Increase fish production under Trout fish pond 57

63 Himachal Pradesh being a rain fed State has vast scope to harvest the rooftop water into kitchen tanks. These kitchen tanks shall be used for carrying out fish culture besides, for minor irrigation purposes to strengthen the household economy of resource poor rural areas. 2. Objectives of the project 1. To create employment avenues for rural unemployed youths/women. 2. To increase fish production of the state. 3. To improve the health status of rural population especially women and children by ensuring easy access to animal protein i.e. fish. 4. To meet minor irrigation (kitchen garden) requirement in the hilly area. 5. To create alternative fisheries resources. 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director of Fisheries at State level and discussed the status of the project. 2. At district level this issue was discussed with Assistant Director Fisheries and secondary data collected villages were selected by adopting suitable sampling method. 4. Further 25 households belonging to fish farmers were selected from these villages. 5. The information from sample family was collected on the format devised for this purpose. 6. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report. 4. Physical and Financial Performance: Table 8.1: Physical and financial targets and the progress during the year under the Project Sr. No Name activity of 1 Backyard Fish farming unit Physical and Financial Target Phy (No) Fin. (Rs.in lakh) Name of district Kangra Mandi Kullu Shimla Kinnaur Target Ach. (%) % % 58

64 2 Distribution of fishing gears to reservoir fishermen and fish seed stocking 3 Aquaculture development through construction of fish pond 4 Construction of community ponds in scheduled caste populated villages. 5 Construction of trout units in tribal areas Phy (No) Fin. (Rs.in lakh) Phy (ha) Fin. (Rs.in lakh) Phy (No) Fin. (Rs.in lakh) Phy (unit) Fin. (Rs.in lakh) % % % % % % % % 5. Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Fisheries at district level is headed by the Assistant Director and Field Level Sr. Fisheries Officer & field assistant. During the field visits it was observed that the staff at field level is inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project on regular basis. 6. Impact of the Project 1. Under this project backyard fish ponds have been constructed wherein fish seed has also been placed, but the fishes have not been grown so far. However, it is expected that after the growth of the fishes, income of farmers would increase by selling fish in the market 2. In these fish ponds roof water is harvested which is used for irrigation purposes for kitchen garden during water stressed conditions. 59

65 3. The beneficiaries were of the view that the project had positive impact on the income of the household which increased about Rs 1000 /- to 2000/- post project 4. The training imparted to the beneficiaries was adequate and effective. 7. Observation/Suggestion 1. While conducting evaluation study it was indicated by some farmers that they are unaware of this project and therefore they could not get the benefit of the project. It is therefore suggested that there should be wide publicity of such project so that maximum farmers may be covered under the project. 2. During evaluation study it was observed that due to lack of knowledge the survival rate of fish is very low and the farmers have to bear financial loss. It is therefore suggested that there should be provision of farmer s capacity building through farmer training camp/exposure visits. 3. The rate of feed for trout fish is very high and it is available at Kullu District (Patilikuhl at Naggar ) only. It is not possible for beneficiaries to go there merely to purchase the feed. Therefore, it is suggested that this feed may be made available at least at district level otherwise survival of trout fish unit may suffer. 4. It is suggested that this project should include a component under which subsidy may be provided to farmers for setting up private hatcheries it will also provide livelihood opportunities to the village area farmers. 5. The beneficiaries have reported that the subsidy amount Rs 72000/-is not sufficient as the topography of Himachal Pradesh is very tough and the carriage charges are very high. The beneficiaries suggested that subsidy limit should be hiked. 6. As per prevailing practices the Department of Fisheries releases the subsidy after completion of tanks. Most of the farmers are not in a position to arrange money out of their own resources at the starting stage and they suggested that the subsidy amount should be released in 3-4 instalments. 60

66 Project 9: Strengthening of Seri cultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. 1. Introduction Himachal Pradesh has primarily an agrarian economy as its population mostly depend on agriculture and allied activities for livelihood that contribute 20 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Considering the dimension of the unemployment situation in the State, particularly in the rural areas, diversification of economic activities for self employment in rural area has become very important. Thus there is an urgent need to diversify agriculture into high income yielding activities like sericulture, which would generate employment, ensure greater rate of returns to the farmers and promote self-reliance. Under the given situation, farmers need to be organized to undertake those economic activities, which can help in augmenting their family income. Distt.Kangra project of Strengthening of Sericulture Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Distt.Kangra project of Strengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Distt.Kangra project of Strengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Endowed with favourable conditions for mulberry growth and silkworm rearing, the sericulture in the State is developing as an important rural income generating subsidiary occupation to augment the income of the agrarian community. Distt.Kangra project of Strengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Distt.Kangra project ofstrengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. 61

67 The state has predominantly a bivoltine silk producing area and has a salubrious climate to produce superior quality bivoltine cocoons for quality silk. The silk production chain begins with the plantation of mulberry which once established, yield mulberry leaves regularly for many years for rearing silkworms by procuring hygienically bred silkworm s seed. The hatched young silkworms are reared at Chawki Rearing Centres (CRCs) these are distributed for rearing indoor by the sericulture farmers at their premises for production of silk cocoons. The cycle from hatching to spinning of silk cocoons is only days. Fully formed cocoons are sold in the markets to earn income. Silk cocoons production, reeling of raw silk and production of spun silk yarn from silk cocoons employing skilled labour are covered for resource development support under RKVY. Distt.Mandi project of Strengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Distt.Mandi project of Strengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Distt.Mandi project ofstrengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. Currently, sericulture provides a fairly remunerative occupation to some 9200 families in 1928 villages and its major concentration is found in Bilaspur, Mandi, Hamirpur, Kangra, Una and Sirmour Districts. Among the districts practicing sericulture, Bilaspur is the biggest producer Distt.Mandi project of Strengthening of Sericultural Extension System for Production of quality Bivoltine Silk. of silk cocoons, sharing 35.0 per cent production followed by Mandi (25.0 per cent). Kangra (22.0 per cent) and Hamirpur District(16.0 per cent). 62

68 2.Objectives 1. To strengthen support system and ensure sustainability of sericulture industry for achieving higher growth in quality silk production. 2. To alleviate poverty through promotion of employment generating economic activities in both on-farm sectors, especially amongst the weaker sections of the society under sericulture. 3. To improve managerial and technical skills for ensuring management of group activities through training and input support. 4. To provide technological support to the various user groups in pre and post cocoons sectors. 5. To generate employment in rural areas and Human Resource Development for sericulture and silk industry. 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director Industries at the state level and discussed the status of the project. 2. At district level this issue was discussed with General Manager and Secondary data collected. 3. At farm level this issue was discussed with Sericulture Officer and primary data collected. 4. Two farms were selected by adopting suitable sampling method. 5. The information from sample family was collected on the format devised for this purpose. 6. The information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report on the basis of this information 63

69 4. Physical and Financial Performance: Table 9.1: Physical and financial targets and the progress during the year under the Project Sr. Name of activity Total Unit Cost Name of district Target No Kangra Mandi Ach.(%) 1 Establishment of Aestivation Phy.Nos % Chamber in the existing building for Fin.(Rs % preservation of live silkworm.in lakh) eggs/seed at the states Govt.SSPC Palampur, Distt. Kangra H.P 2 Procurement /purchase of hybrid Phy % Bivoltine silkworm seed from the institutions of Central Silk Board, Ozs Fin.(Rs % Govt of India..in lakh) 3 Mechanization of mulberry farminstallation Phy % of bore well pump Nos,purchase of power and manually operated farm machineries & tools Fin.(Rs.in lakh) % viz. Mulberry cutting machine,power tiller, sprayers etc. 4 Establishment of silkworm seed training & demonstration centre on silkworm seed production technology and maintenance of germplasm of region specific suitable silkworm races i/c of construction of building and procurement of machinery, tools & equipment. 5 Equipment purchase & infrastructure development for newly establishing training and exhibition hall with audio-video & facilities 6 Silk reeling machinery procurement for silk reeling training & demonstration centers Phy. Nos Fin.(Rs.in lakh) % % Phy.Nos % Fin.(Rs.in lakh) % Phy % Fin.(Rs.in lakh) % 7 Strengthening of newly establishing marketing yard i/e fabrication of silk cocoons auction platform,grading hall, toilets,silk cocoons storage hall and procurement of weighing machines,iron racks,hot air cocoons driers, silk cocoons quality testing equipment etc. Phy. Nos Fin.(Rs.in lakh) % % 64

70 5. Organisational Structure to implement the Project: The Department of Industries has a small unit of Sericulture at district level, which is headed by the Sericulture Officer, who is supported by Development Officer and Technical officer (TASSAR) and Field Level Sericulture inspector and other field staff. During the field visits it was observed that the staff at field level is inadequate to undertake the monitoring of the project on regular basis. 6. Impact of the Project 1. Under this Project training centre of the department has been strengthened so that skill technology training to the new farmers is given more efficiently. 2. Under this component the training is imparted to the farmer by the department for their knowledge and skill enhancement. 3. The silk worm seed is distributed at subsidized rate so that cost of production is reduced and consequently there is increase in farmers income. 7. Observation/Suggestion 1. While conducting evaluation study it was indicated by some farmers that they are unaware of this project and therefore could not had the benefit of this project. It is therefore suggested that there should be wide publicity of such project so that maximum farmers may get the benefit. 2. This profession is seasonal and requires very less capital investment and labour intensive, therefore it is suggested that more farmers may be motivated to take up this job so that they may earn additional income. 3. The farmers may be advised to organize themselves into groups and federation so that they may take up marketing of the produce collectively. 65

71 Project 10: Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops. 1. Introduction: Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy of Himachal Pradesh contributing around 22% to the State income and engaging 67% of the working population because of predominance of hilly terrain, only 11% out of total geographical area of 55.7 lakh ha is available for cultivation. Around 86.4% of the land holding is marginal and small and the average size of holding is around 1.1 ha, which is decreasing continuously due to increasing population pressure on limited arable land. Under the given circumstances and climatic conditions, cash crops are one of the silver linings for increasing livelihood and entrepreneurship opportunities in the State. Agriculture University Palampur the project of Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops Agriculture University Palampur the project of Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops In hilly regions, it is not possible to plant various off- season vegetables well in time in spring/rainy season due to prevalence of low temperature and high rainfall in the months of February-March and August-September, respectively. Due to the prevalence of mild climatic condition especially in mid hills and unpredictable weather, the low cost naturally ventilated poly-houses can greatly enhance the productivity as well as quality with assured production especially during the lean period. Agriculture University Palampur the project of Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops Agriculture University Palampur the project of Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops Agriculture University Palampur the project of Technological Intervention for Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops 66

72 Growing of vegetables and ornamental crops under protected environment is becoming popular in Himachal Pradesh taking the advantage of diverse climate and topography. Further small land holdings, field work associated drudgeries and increased cost of cultivation with low yields and rain fed conditions of most of the area is attracting the educated youth to adopt this technology for quality produce and high returns per unit area. More and more area under protected cultivation is being added every year. Himachal Pradesh Government is also providing up to 85% subsidy on infrastructure for boosting this technology in the State. The desired agro-techniques for the production of vegetable crops namely, capsicum, tomato and cucumber have been evolved by the agri-university and are being suggested for the poly-house growers. However owing to diverse agro-climate conditions of the State, the location specific technology is needed, the process for validation was initiated with the financial assistance under RKVY during It has also been observed that existing designs of poly-house is defective and pose number of problems, and consequently farmers are incurring heavy losses due to harsh interior environment, though the design of poly-house structures for mid-hills have been standardized, however, for low hills and high mountainous regions encountering heavy snowfall during winters suitable modifications in the poly-house structure have been made and are being evaluated with the assistance under RKVY. Presently, the conventional crops suggested for protected cultivation are only a few and the growers are not having appropriate technology for other remunerative vegetable crops. Suitable alternative crops for protected cultivation namely cherry tomato, lettuce, broccoli, brussels sprout, french bean, early garden pea,.kale, parsley etc. may be cultivated in polyhouses to get better price 2. Objectives 1. To study the poly-houses and suggest suitable design of poly-houses to the farmers of different altitude in Himachal Pradesh. 2. Integration of crop production and protection techniques for evolving profitable cropping technologies. 3. Introduction and evaluation of new vegetable crops for protected cultivation. 4. Monitoring of farmers poly-houses to identify their potential problems. 5. Validation of location specific profitable technologies at farmers poly-house. 67

73 6. Human Resource Development of stakeholders through technology demonstrations. 3. Methodology adopted to conduct impact study 1. As per terms of reference, the expert team contacted the Director Research of the State level and discussed the status of the project. 2. The information from sample was collected on the format devised for this purpose. 3. This information was compiled and analysed to draw conclusion and prepare impact report 4. Physical and Financial Performance: Table 10.1: Physical and financial targets and the progress during the year under the Project Sr.No Name of activity Amount (Rs.in lakh) Target Ach. (%) 1 Component -1 Planting material, staking material,chemicals, glass ware, fertilizer, pesticides, traps, TA, POL, training,contractual services, demonstration, publication, % video documentary, minor equipments, repair of poly houses and equipments, stationery, etc. 2 Training of stakeholders (40 no) % 3 Component -1I Planting material/chemicals, fungicides /pesticide fertilizers/manures, growing media, staking material (nylon ropes) GI wire, stationery articles, T,A/DA/POL/ % Preparation of technical bulletins/booklets/project report/contingency and other miscellaneous including contractual services etc. 4 Training of stakeholders (10 no) % Total

74 5. Impact of the Project 1. Construction of poly house is very costly, designed scientifically and it should be according to the suitability of the location. Under this component university is recommending /suggesting poly-house according to location which may be beneficial for the farmers. 2. After taking up of study the university recommended suitable package of practices and imparted training to the extension officials of the Department of Agriculture which will disseminate it among the farmers. 6. Observation/Suggestion 1. It is suggested that there should be provision of training cum exposure visit to the university campus so that farmers may visit poly-house and interact with scientists themselves and learn more and adopt these recommended practices to earn more income. 2. The university has imparted knowledge to the extension staff of the department of agriculture so that it may further be disseminated amongst the farmers of different areas. 69

75 Project 11: Strengthening veterinary clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of Veterinarians and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field Veterinary Hospitals. 1. Introduction: There is a critical need for continuing professional development to enhance the skills and competencies of veterinarian. Whilst many of the State Agricultural Universities of India have formal continuing professional development projects in place, most veterinarians working in Rural Veterinary Institutions have no or only limited access to continuing professional development. It is generally accepted that livestock production in Himachal Pradesh could, with appropriate interventions, be considerably increased and made more efficient through improved animal health sector. Livestock service delivery professionals, inclusive of veterinarians, can play a major role in realizing increased livestock production by acquiring updated relevant knowledge and extending that knowledge in the form of skilled practice and informed technical advice. Animal rearing is a source of income as well as a means of quality food in terms of milk and meat. Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals 70

76 It is an important occupation in Himachal Pradesh that provides self-employment opportunities to number of families. Livestock rearing serves direct means of livelihood as well as to supplement their income. However, animals are highly vulnerable to number of infectious and noninfectious diseases which need to be diagnosed quickly and correctly to prevent losses to the farmers and maintaining profitable animal rearing. The diagnostic component of disease management is very important but somewhat neglected in the daily routine. The State has a good network and coverage of skilled veterinarian and pharmacists, but due to lack of use of these diagnostic techniques by Animal Husbandry Department, many time wrong diagnosis is made which leads to losses due to cost of treatment as well as due to loss of productivity of the animal. Moreover, diagnostic procedures are not followed strictly due to the lack of knowledge, infrastructure and refresher trainings to the veterinarians and pharmacists handling the animal diseases. Due to great advancement in laboratory diagnostic techniques which is very helpful in quick and accurate diagnosis, the regular training of veterinary pharmacists is need of the hour. Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals Veterinary College of Palampur the project of Strengthening Veterinary Clinical delivery services through capacity building and continual professional development of veterinarian and Paraprofessionals and consolidating the transfer of adaptive technology to field veterinary Hospitals 71