Natura 2000 Madrid Conference The key ecological role of biodiversity for farmland management

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1 Natura 2000 Madrid Conference The key ecological role of biodiversity for farmland management Philippe Pointereau (SOLAGRO)

2 Context and challenges in France Context A loss of agricultural land (100,000 ha/year), A decrease in biodiversity, water quality, air quality, and soil quality Climate change starts to modify the agricultural pattern +12% of population growth in 2050 in France with additional need Challenges Feeding better the French population and some other countries in 2050 Increasing agrosystems resilience to climate change Enhance biodiversity, ecological services and water quality Reducing GHG emissions from agriculture (by a factor of 4) Enhancing food and energy self sufficiency 2 2

3 Cimate change in France: Serious draughts Scénario A2 RCP

4 Evolution of the vegetal production per inhabitant Valeur énergé que de l'ensemble des produc ons végétales agricoles par habitant Draughts 1976 and 2003 Valeur annuelle, GJ/hab moyenne centrée mobile sur 10 ans Value of vegetal productions, grains, fodder, grazing,

5 Evolution of HNV farmland : 68% loss (21,3 à 6,9 Mha SAU) 5 5

6 Landscape today Le village d Arisdorf (Suisse) en

7 Landscape before et en

8 Which landscape for the future? Looking for nature Towels given to farmer s wives 8 8

9 2 complementary biodiversity approach Agro ecological approach Functional biodiversity Pests (aphids, mites, etc.) Predators parasitoids Pollinators Soil fauna et flora Genetic resources conservation Ecological Infrastructures Agricultural practices Meadow management Endangered species conservation Butterflies Flora, meadow weeds, etc. Birds (bustards, vultures, corncrak, etc.) Mammals, bears, wolf, dears, Naturalistic approach «Natural» biodiversity 9 9

European Research Project BioBio network of

diversity Species diversity semi)-natural

territory +7% species/farm 20 farms/terri

10 European Research Project BioBio network of 250 farms surveyed ,5% +16% Genetic diversity Species diversity semi)-natural habitats Agricultural practices Plot Farm Landscape 12 territories in Europe +13% species/ parcel 1 farming system per territory +7% species/farm 20 farms/terri which 50% in OF No différence in seminatural habitats 10 10

11 Importance of semi-natural habitats for biodiversity SNH Production field SNH Plants Common Earthworms Production field Common SNH SNH Spiders Common Common Production field Bees SNH : 3.3% of UAA Production field Austria : arable land - cereals 11 11

12 Farm assessment : Dialecte tool Organic farms (average of 107 farms, 94 ha) Conventional farms (average of 144 farms, 130 ha) Crop farms : organic versus conventional 12 12

Agroecological principles Adaptation from Altieri Optimise nutrient cycles (cover crops, legumes, mixed farming, recycling on-farm nutrients, ) Minimize rare and non renewable resources (mineral

13 Agroecological principles Adaptation from Altieri Optimise nutrient cycles (cover crops, legumes, mixed farming, recycling on-farm nutrients, ) Minimize rare and non renewable resources (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, water for irrigation, phosphorus, ) Maintain natural resources (water, soil, air, biodiversity) Promote genetic diversity (varieties, landraces, local seeds) Promote the resilience of the systeme (diversification, autonomy, adaptation to local conditions) Participate to local food system ( labelling, food processing at farm level, direct marketing, ) Promote ecological services (pollination, carbon storage, biological control) 13 13

production (IOBC) Long rotations, mixed crops, seed selection, Biological control => Ecological Focus Area for predators, parasitoïds

14 Sustainable agriculture for 21st century soil, preserving the fertility: Preservation of soil structure, organic matter, soil ecology, cover crops, low tillage, direct seeding, agroforestry, Agroecology, reducing the chemical inputs Conservation agriculture Integrated production (IOBC) Long rotations, mixed crops, seed selection, Biological control => Ecological Focus Area for predators, parasitoïds and pollinators: extensive grasslands, hedges, buffer strips, => limit mineral nitrogen and pesticides uses and water consumption 14 14

15 Farming systems for the future Cover crops hedgerows intercrops Agroforestry 1 plot = 4 or 5 outputs 15 15

16 Environmental labelling m2 of Ecological Infrastructures per Kg of meat Surface d'iae rapportˇe la production de viande selon la ferm Ovin viande tr s extensif cˇvennes 681 Ovin viande tr s extensif 544 Ovin viande tr s extensif dehesa 396 Ovin viande extensif 86 Bovin viande autonome 61 Ovin viande extensif plein air 39 Ovin lait tr s extensif 29 Ovin viande intensif 25 bovin viande bio autonome 22 Bovin viande bio autonome 19 ch vre lait tr s extensif 14 Ovin viande semi-extensif 11 Bovin viande intensif 2 Ovin viande intensif autonome 2 porc plein air bio 1,1 Bovin lait bio 0,7 ch vre lait intensif 1 Bovin lait autonome 0,3 Bovin lait autonome 0, Densitˇ d'iae (en m2/kg carcasse) 16 16

17 Change our diet 2010 Daily consumption in g/day

18 Thanks for your attention

EXPO 2015 Milano Agroecological transition built upon farmers skills and knowledge

EXPO 2015 Milano Agroecological transition built upon farmers skills and knowledge Philippe Pointereau Context and challenges in France Context A loss of agricultural land every year (100,000 ha/year),