Performance of F1 Generation Compared with the Parents on Yield and Yield Component Characters in Green Super Rice Genotypes

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1 Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3(12), pp December, 2013 Available online at ISSN Scholarly-Journals Full Length Research Paper Performance of F1 Generation Compared with the Parents on Yield and Yield Component Characters in Green Super Rice Genotypes Suwarto 1*, Untung Susanto 2 and Suprayogi 1 1 Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology,Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia 2 Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi, Subang, West Java Accepted 2 December, 2013 The F1 generation showed significant positive correlation with donor parent for plant height, number of grain per panicle, panicles length, and flowering (days to 50% flowering) and grain yield per clump. The correlation and regression coefficient between F1 and donor parent was significant for these characters. Keywords: Green Super Rice, Correlation, Regression, F2 and F3, yield. INTRODUCTION Rice is the staple food crop for more than two thirds of the world population and gives 35-60% of calories requirement. Food security of the Indonesia directly related to rice production (Suwarto and Nasrullah, 2011a). Water reservoirs are decreasing due to intermittent drought and erratic rainfall which compelled the rice growers across Asia to switch over crops. The increasing scarcity of water threatens the irrigated rice production system in one hand and increased pressure on food production due to increasing population (Naresh et al., 2011). To overcome this situation it is essential that alternate ways of rice cultivation with less water and without compromising on yield were evolved and popularized. Green Super Rice (GSR) appropriate at aerobic rice cultivation with suitable drought tolerant varieties addressed earlier in suboptimal situation were benefiting answer to address the water scarce situation already set in and for near future. Breeding for plant improvement achieved through any breeding method depends on the variability available for selection and methodology of selection (Malieshappa et *Corresponding author. oryza_07@yahoo.com al., 1998). Considerable genetic variability can be generated by crossing two appropriately chosen parents. Once variability is generated the rate and progress achieved through selection depends on the various factors like selection intensity, availability of genetic variability, its genetic association with other related characters and breeding methodology. Grain yield is a complex character and is the result of interaction of many variables due to different gene association that might exist in different population and might result in quite different relationships. It is also largely influenced by environment (Suwarto and Nasrullah, 2011b; Barman and Borah, 2012). Further genotype and environmental interaction reduces the effectiveness of early generation selection (Whan et al., 1981, Rahman etal., 1986). Large environmental differences may lead to failure of parental yield to be indicative of the yield of progeny (Barman and Borah, 2012). So, direct selection for improvement of grain yield in segregating population may not be effective. The parent progeny correlation and regression between two generations shows lesser susceptible to environmental effect and is very useful for selection in segregating population for the production of GSR improved genotypes. The present investigation was aimed at studying the response of selection for yield and

2 Scholarly J. Agric. Sci. 542 Table 1. Mean performance of selected plants in F2 and F3 generation for different characters. F1 Population GSR Donor Characters Range Mean % of F1 population mean Range Mean % of GSR Donor population mean Plant height (cm) No of grain per panicles Panicles length (cm) Day to 50% flowering Grain yield per clump (g) Table 2. GSR donor parent - offspring correlation and regression for different characters. Characters Correlation coefficient F1 GSR donor Regression coefficient F1 GSR donor Plant height (cm) 0.86 ** 0.81 ** No of grain per panicles 0.77 ** 0.71 ** Panicles length (cm) 0.76 ** 0.75 ** Day to 50% flowering 0.70 ** 0.74 ** Grain yield per clump (g) ** Significant at 1% level of probability. Figure 1. Parent progeny relationship in plant height (based on F1, GSR donor parent) its component characters through mean, percentage of population mean and also through parent progeny correlation and regression coefficient between F1 and that parent. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials used in the present investigation were the seeds of F1 plants of each of the three crosses involving one recipient parent (Ciherang) and three GSR donor parent of rice (Zhongzu14, Huanghuazhan dan Wanxian77). The experiment was conducted during dry season (June October 2013) in the experimental garden of Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia. Standard cultural practices and need based plant protection measures were undertaken.

3 Suwarto et al. 533 Figure 2. Parent progeny relationship in number of grain per panicles (based on F1, GSR donor parent). Figure 3. Parent progeny relationship in panicles length (based on F1, GSR donor parent) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The F1 generation showed significant positive correlation with GSR donor parent for plant height, number of grainper panicle, panicles length, and flowering (days to 50% flowering) and grain yield per clump. The correlation and regression coefficient between F1 and GSR donor parent was significant for these characters (Table 1 and 2). The intergeneration correlation and regression for yield component characters are presented in Table 2. The F1 generation showed significant positive correlation and regression with GSR donor parent for plant height, plant height, number of grain per panicle, panicles length, and

4 Scholarly J. Agric. Sci. 544 Figure 4. Parent progeny relationship in 50% flowering (based on F1, GSR donor parent) Figure 5. Parent progeny relationship in grain yield per clump (based on F1, GSR donor parent) flowering (days to 50% flowering). The highest correlation was observed in panicles length (0.86) followed by plant height (0.85), number of grain per panicles (0.83) and lowest is days to 50% flowering (0.70). These results were also agreed with the mean performance of the F1 and GSR donor parent mean performance. CONCLUSIONS 1. The F1 generation showed significant positive correlation with GSR donor parent for plant height, number of grain per panicle, panicles length, and flowering (days to 50% flowering).

5 Suwarto et al Selection for yield component characters (plant height, number of grain per panicle, panicles length, and flowering) was effective in early generation. ACKNOWLEGEMENT The authors thank to KKP3N Funding was provided by Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia. REFERENCES Rahman, M.A. and Bahl, P.N. (1986). Evaluation of early generation testing in chickpea. Plant Breeding. pp Sharma, R.S. and Choubey, S.D. (1985). Correlation studies in upland rice. Indian J. Agron. 30(1): Suwarto and Nasrullah (2011a). Genotype x Environment Interaction for Iron Concentration of Rice in Central Java of Indonesia. Rice Science. China Nasional Rice Research Institute. 18 (1) : Suwarto and Nasrullah (2011b). Variability of Grain Protein Content in Improved Upland Rice Genotypes and Its Response to Locations Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. Indian Society of Plant Breeder. 2 (2): Whan, BR., Rathjen, AJ. and Night, R. (1981). The relation between wheat lines derived from F1, F3, F4 and F5 generations for grain yield and harvest index. Euphytica. 30: Barman, D. and Borah, S.P. (2012). Effect of selection response on F3 and F4 generation for yield and yield component characters in mutant rise strain (Oryza sativa L.). Procedia of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (APCBEE) Society. Singapore, July 23 24, Malieshappa, C., Patil, S.S. and Parameshwarappa, R. (1988). Studies on selection response for yield and its impact on other characters in F3 and F4 generation of safflower. Karnataka J. of Agric. Sci. 1: Naresh, B.N., Shailaja, H., Shivakumar, N. and Nandini, C. (2011). Effect of drought on yield potential and drought susceptibility index of promising aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Electronic J. Plant Breeding. 2(3):

Selection of upland rice genotypes on drought tolerance and P efficiency at laboratory and screen house levels

Selection of upland rice genotypes on drought tolerance and P efficiency at laboratory and screen house levels Journal of Agricultural Technology 2012 Vol. 8(2): 453-463 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com Journal of Agricultural Technology 2012, Vol. ISSN 8(2): 1686-9141 453-463 Selection of upland rice