CSG-ERC - NORTHEAST STATES ASSOCIATION FOR AGRICULTURE STEWARDSHIP BREAKFAST

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1 CSG-ERC - NORTHEAST STATES ASSOCIATION FOR AGRICULTURE STEWARDSHIP BREAKFAST Saturday, December 7, 2013 El Conquistador, Fajardo, Puerto Rico Dave Barnekow, Ph.D., Dow AgroSciences LLC

2 Brief points of discussion What is compost Consistency of compost Residual Herbicides Public Available Resources 2

3 COMPOST Compost is the product resulting from the controlled biological decomposition of organic material that has been sanitized through the generation of heat and Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP), as defined by the U.S. EPA (Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, Part 503, Appendix B, Section B), and stabilized to the point that it is beneficial to plant growth. Compost bears little physical resemblance to the raw material from which it originated. Compost is an organic matter source that has the unique ability to improve the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of soils or growing media. It contains plant nutrients but is typically not characterized as a fertilizer or as a soil. Adapted from The U.S. Composting Council's (USCC) Field Guide to Compost Use DOW AGROSCIENCES CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 3

4 MAKING CONSISTENT COMPOST IS DIFFICULT Seasonally variable feed stocks used to produce a single product - COMPOST Wide variations of ambient conditions during year round composting process Wide variations in equipment, operating procedures and training Biodegradation continues on after testing. Product being sold differs from that tested. Economic pressures to take shortcuts due to space constraints and seasonality of market Limited definitive testing of in-process and final product due to high costs Self regulated industry no standards or product standards enforcement. Lack of marketing or label standards like N, K, P content or C/N ratio, days of cure, source, etc. (Described generally like water ) Poor customer and sales force education in potential problems which can occur using compost DOW AGROSCIENCES CONFIDENTIAL - Do not share without permission 4

5 How does a residual herbicide become persistent? Many herbicides are not completely metabolized by plants > These are linked to glucose and incorporated into plant cell walls > And stay there until the cell wall is degraded by other environmental mechanisms Also, many herbicides are not completely metabolized by animals > And pass through into manure All R&P herbicides are degraded in soil A Strand of cellulose 5

6 What is the chance that manure contains a residual herbicide? While very visible, authenticated reports of garden or landscape plant damage due to a residual herbicide have been rare in the U.S. Manure from cattle or horses may contain a residual herbicide if: > Animal had fed on grass where a residual herbicide was used and the herbicide is still passing through their system > or treated hay was taken from that pasture and the product s label directions for the management of hay and manure were not followed. NOTE: Manure from hogs and chickens should not contain a residual herbicide as they do not feed on grasses or hay 6

7 Label mitigation for Residual Herbicides, Example: Milestone Pasture and Rangeland Restrictions DO NOT use grasses treated with Milestone in the preceding 18-months for hay intended for export outside the United States. Hay from areas treated with Milestone in the preceding 18-months CAN NOT be distributed or made available for sale off the farm or ranch where harvested unless allowed by supplemental labeling. Hay from areas treated with Milestone in the preceding 18-months CAN NOT be used for silage, haylage, baylage and green chop unless allowed by supplemental labeling. DO NOT move hay made from grass treated with Milestone within the preceding 18-months off farm unless allowed by supplemental labeling. DO NOT use hay or straw from areas treated with Milestone within the preceding 18-months or manure from animals feeding on hay treated with Milestone in compost. 7

IMPORTANT USE PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS TO PREVENT INJURY TO DESIRABLE PLANTS Carefully read the section Restrictions in Hay or Manure Use.

Manure and urine from animals consuming grass or hay treated with this product may contain enough aminopyralid to cause injury to sensitive broadleaf plants.

8 IMPORTANT USE PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS TO PREVENT INJURY TO DESIRABLE PLANTS Carefully read the section Restrictions in Hay or Manure Use. It is mandatory to follow the Use Precautions and Restrictions section of this label. Manure and urine from animals consuming grass or hay treated with this product may contain enough aminopyralid to cause injury to sensitive broadleaf plants. Hay can only be used on the farm or ranch where product is applied unless allowed by supplemental labeling. Consult with a Dow AgroSciences representative if you do not understand the Use Precautions and Restrictions. Call [1-(800) ] Customer Information Group. Forage and Manure Management Rangeland, Pasture, Wheat, CRP Corn Rangeland, Pasture, Hayfield, CRP Manure, Hay, Bedding X Compost X X Potato, Lettuce, Beans, Tomato, etc. X 8

9 Additional label restrictions: Not For Sale, Distribution or Use in New York State. Not for use on pastures in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. All other labeled uses are permitted in these states. 9

10 Preventing Herbicide Damage to Non-Target Plants Follow the label! The label on every herbicide contains detailed instructions, including animal feeding restrictions and the safe use of manure or crop residues. When used as directed on the labels, these herbicides should not cause the problems. > The manures and plant residues are safe to apply to corn, grass pastures and grass hayfields. It is a violation of Federal Law (FIFRA) for any person to use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its labeling > A grower hiring an applicator to apply a pesticide can be held liable if not complying with post application label requirements such as: Pre-harvest intervals, Plant back restrictions, Crop rotation restrictions, Restricted entry intervals, and Restrictions on the use of manure in compost 10

11 Public Available Resources - Publications Examples; > EPA/OPP > Montana Department of Agriculture > NC State University Cooperative Extension > Dow AgroSciences 11

12 Resources for More Information Washington State University Web site on clopyralid carryover. > Includes pictures of affected vegetables, research results, and the bioassay: Article from Minnesota Extension explaining the problem in hay and how to avoid it. > The article is devoted to ditch hay, but the information is relevant to all hay: CDMS Agro-chemical database > Most herbicide labels: Dow AgroSciences Web site > Information on use of manure as a garden fertilizer and the bioassay: 12

13 Thank you 13

FOR USE ON GRASS HARVESTED FOR HAY INTENDED FOR DISTRIBUTION OR SALE OFF THE FARM OR RANCH - AL, AR, AZ ETC.

FOR USE ON GRASS HARVESTED FOR HAY INTENDED FOR DISTRIBUTION OR SALE OFF THE FARM OR RANCH - AL, AR, AZ ETC. General Information Resistance Management Guidelines - Development of plant populations resistant