Tashkent, Uzbekistan t September 2012 The overall arable lands of Iran extend up to 51 million ha. covering 30% of the total t country area with a

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Tashkent, Uzbekistan t September 2012 The overall arable lands of Iran extend up to 51 million ha. covering 30% of the total t country area with a"

Sharlene Walton
5 years ago
Views:

2 Cashmere Project Achievements in Iran, 2012 Dr. H. R. Ansari-Renani Tashkent, Uzbekistan Animal ls Science Research hi Institute t September 2012 The overall arable lands of Iran extend up to 51 million ha. covering 30% of the total t country area with a human population of Animal production in Iran composes of traditional, semi-industrial and industrial systems.

Component 1: Characterize Production Systems of Small Ruminants in

--Characterize acte enomad cashmere e production poducto systems s

Structured questionnaires were completed for 30 herds.

3 Component 1: Characterize Production Systems of Small Ruminants in Baft Nomadic Target Site --Characterize cashmere quality of Raeini goats (2011). A total of 686 cashmere samples were taken and analyzed. --Characterize acte enomad cashmere e production poducto systems s in Baft, at, Kerman (2012). Structured questionnaires were completed for 30 herds. --Characterize cashmere industry and marketing of Iran (2012).. --Effect of year on cashmere quality (2012). A total of 356 cashmere samples from 2011 and 2012 were compared.

Component 1: Continued Characterize Cashmere Quality of Raeini Goats (2010) Trait Fleece weight (g) Cashmere yield (%) Mean fiber diameter (µm) Fiber diameter standard deviation (µm) Fiber

9 40 Maximu m 1250 87.1 25.2 7.4 93.6 79 Factors Age 1 year 2 years 3 years Sex Females Males Fleece weight (g) 508±19 a 501±19 a 506±19 a 435±18 b 575±18 a Cashmere yield (%) 58.3±1.0 a 56.

4 Component 1: Continued Characterize Cashmere Quality of Raeini Goats (2010) Trait Fleece weight (g) Cashmere yield (%) Mean fiber diameter (µm) Fiber diameter standard deviation (µm) Fiber curvature ( /mm) Staple length (mm) No of animals Mean s.d Minimu m Maximu m Factors Age 1 year 2 years 3 years Sex Females Males Fleece weight (g) 508±19 a 501±19 a 506±19 a 435±18 b 575±18 a Cashmere yield (%) 58.3±1.0 a 56.1±1.0 ab 55.3±1.0 b 55.3±0.9 9b 57.9±0.9 a Fiber diameter s.d. (µm) 4.33±0.05 b 4.52±0.05 a 4.51±0.05 a 440±0 4.40±0.04b 4.51±0.04 a Fiber curvature ( /mm) 64.2±0.8 a 62.4±0.7 b 62.2±0.7 b 62.7±0.7 7a 63.1±0.7 a

5 Component 1: Continued Characterize e Nomad Cashmere e Production o Systems s in Baft, Kerman (2011) Nomadism refers to any society that is not settled in permanent dwelling and is based on pastoral subsistence.

6 Nomad population of Iran was estimated at 1.3 million in 2000 (1.1% of the total).

7 --Traditional shepherding and displacement of livestock between and within provinces by nomad is common. They migrate (Kouch) to south in Autumn and winter (Persian Gulf area). Nomads usually cover great distances with their livestock, following pasture availability throughout the season. P t l d f I tt d t i h bit t f Pastoral nomads of Iran are scattered over an extensive habitat of over km2.

8 Sheep and Goats are Multipurpose and Meat is the major Product. Traditionally Nomads Consume More Milk than Meat. They often Express a Dislike for Killing animals. Milk Production is the Major Reasons Why Nomads Keep Goats Steps in Processing Milk into Different Dairy Products

9 Component 1: Continued Characterize Nomad Cashmere Production Systems in Baft, Kerman (2011) 10% 7% 13% One family Two families 23% Three families Four families 47% Six families Meat Milk Cashmere Income Wealth ceremonies Breeding 14% 18% 10% 1% 10% 4% 7% 11% 21% Sheep Goats Chickens Donkeys 25% 79%

10 Conclusion cuso Nomads stress the fact: They tend to experience poorer service deliveries. They tend to experience declining i employment. They lack a political voice. Life has become harder for nomads

11 Component 1. Continued Characterize Cashmere Industry and Marketing of Iran (2011)

12 ter Verviera (Belgium) Trieste Port Processed cashmere Mashad processing mill Raw cashmere Semnan processing mill Herat City Kerman and Birjand (Raw cashmere)

13 Component 1. continued Introducing Better Cashmere Harvesting Methods (2012) Long comb Short comb Combing was carried out in three sessions at 2 weeks intervals starting in shedding season at the end of March. 40 non-pregnant female goats of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years of age (10 goats per age) were selected randomly from one farm and divided into two groups of 20 goats.

14 Least squares means, standard errors and ranges of different cashmere characteristics No of animals CCW (g) MFD (µm) FDSD (µm) CY (%) DC (min) Overall means ± ± ± ± ±0.1 * NS NS NS * Kind of comb Long ±2.0b 19.7± ±0 3.5± ± ±0.3 Short ±2.4a 19.4± ± ± ±0.2 * NS ** NS NS First ±3.2a 19.4± ±0.05b 84.7± ±0.3 Stage of combing Second ±2.8a 19.7± ±0.06ab 84.3± ±0.2 Third ±2.1b 19.8± ±0.05a 81.8± ±0.3 ** NS ** ** NS ±2.6c 19.3± ±0.04b 85.3±1.2a 3.1± ±3.5ab 19.8± ±0.06a 83.7±1.3ab 3.2±0.2 Age ±2.9cb 19.3± ±0.07a 81.0±1.5b 3.3± ±3.4a 19.9± ±0.05a 84.6±1.2ab 3.5±0.4

15 Figure 7. The relationship between mean fibre diameter and clean cashmere yield from individual goats combed with long ( ) and short ( ) combs

16 Lessons Learned Combing cashmere sounds easy, but there is definitely it a technique involved in the timing of the comb as well as the actual harvesting of the fibre so as not to damaging it. Combing cashmere is something that can be very frustrating in ones first year attempting it, especially if one has not had the opportunity to learn from an experienced comber. Shortcomings The herders have no incentive to laboriously comb the valuable cashmere from their goats, since buyers usually accept only the fleeces.

17 Component 1. continued Effect of Year on Cashmere Characteristics (2012) Mean No SL FD FDSD 52.9± ±0.08 NS NS FDCV CA% CU% 4.5± ± ± ±0.4 NS NS * NS Sex Male Female ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.19± ±0.054± ± ± ±0.6 * * * NS NS * Age ±0.8a 19.3±0.2c 4.4±0.06b 22.9± ± ±1.1a ±0.8a 20.1±0.1b 4.6±0.5ab 22.7± ± ±0.6b ±0.9ab 20.3±0.1ab 4.5±0.6ab 22.6± ± ±0.7b ±1.6b 20.8±0.2a 4.70±09a 22.1± ± ±0.8b ** ** NS NS NS NS Year ±0.5a 19.8±0.1b 4.5± ± ± ±0.6

18 Relationship between cashmere characteristics. 2011( ), 2012( )

and the kids born were ear tagged in December 2011 and January 2012 and their weight was recorded.

19 Component 2. Improving Breeding and Animal Husbandry Practices Focusing on Fiber Quality Pedigrees were recorded and the kids born were ear tagged in December 2011 and January 2012 and their weight was recorded. While 4 herds had stayed in spring grazing area, 4 others had migrated to winter grazing area in Hormozgan province. Nomad farmers were provided with ear tags and punch to ear tag the kids.

20 To ensure that superior bucks will be used for the nucleus flocks, fleece samples were collected from the 2 adult nucleus bucks and up to 8 other adult bucks available in each flock; a total of 80 samples (10 X 8 = 80) were taken. Also 80 samples (10 X 8 = 80) from young bucks were taken. All the samples were sent by DHL to Almaty Fiber Laboratory for analysis. Fleece weights of these males shorn in April May 2012 were also recorded.

21 Bucks Selected for Nucleus Herds in 2012 Name of Farmers (Nucleus herds) Supperior Bucks Nucleus Baseline Mehrab Ghassemi Mahmoud Ghassemi Mohammad Mousapour Ebadullah Mousapour Dad Mohammad Mousapour Alireza Mousapour Sohrab Mousapour Mohammad Gholi Mousapour

22 Lessons learned Fresh investment and planning is needed for selection of superior goats in the area Shortcomings Excessive bucks must be castrated to make sure that next generation of progenies are produced by superior bucks

23 A workshop on selection of superior bucks was held for 40 nomad cashmere producers Organizers, trainers and some of the participants in workshop on selection of superior bucks. May 13, 2012.

24 --Demonstration of high fiber quality of Raein goats --Demonstration of selection of superior bucks

25 Support for Ph. D. and M.Sc. Thesis on Animal Breeding Two Ph. D. and M. Sc. Thesis was proposed to be developed Ph. D. Thesis by Najmeh Kargar Breeding objectives and selection criteria for nomad small ruminant flocks in Kerman Province of Iran M. Sc. Thesis by Fatima Amirinia Production parameters of nomad small ruminant flocks in Kerman Province of Iran

26 Component 4: Work on formation and capacity building of women s groups to develop cashmere processing at pilot site A cooperative of nomad women cashmere yarn and handmade crafts producers has been formed.

27 Mrs. Najmeh Karegar and Mrs. Mahtab Mousapour were trained in Khojand, Tajikistan in May 2012

28 35 nomad women of cashmere cooperative were trained in four different workshops in Zarab, Baft

29 Production of Good Quality Cashmere Yarns and Handcrafts

30 Shortcomings Lack of small and easy to operate dehairing facilities in the nomadic areas to dehair dhi the fibre and make good quality yarn. Dyeing cashmere yarns using various natural and artificial i dyes in nomadic areas.

31 Linkages between scientific, governmental and cultural communities

33 Linkages Between National Project Teams Ramin Aliverdi from ASRI: Ramin Aliverdi from ASRI: --Inseminated 300 does in October, Will inseminate 500 does in October, Trained 3 experts from Tajikistan

34 Linkages Conference Papers 1. Effect of Nomad Displacement on Cashmere characteristics of Raeini Goats (2012). Shahid Bahonar University. Kerman, Iran 2. Nomadic Pastoralism in Southern Iran (2012). Gottingen University. Gottingen, Germany. 3. Cashmere Quality of Raeini Goats Kept by Nomads in Iran (2012). Bogor University. Jakarta, Indonesia 4. Comparison of two methods of combing using long and small combs on Raeini goat cashmere characteristics (2012). University of Technology. Isfahan, Iran. 5. Sheep and Goat Management by Nomads in Southern Iran (2012). University of Technology. Isfahan, Iran. 6. Sheep and Goat Nutrition in Nomadic Society of Kerman Province of Iran (2012). Khon Kaen University. Thailand. 7. Goat Milk Production and Utilization in Nomadic Society of Kerman Province of Iran (2012). Kual Lumpur, Malaysia.

35 Linkages International Journal Papers 1. Cashmere Quality of Raeini Goats kept by Nomads in Iran. Small Ruminant Research. 104 (2012) Nomadic Pastoralism in Southern Iran. The Rangeland Journal (Submitted for Publication) 3. Cashmere Marketing in Iran. Journal of Natural Fibers (Submitted for Publication) 4. Comparison of Two Methods of Combing Using Long and Small Combs on Raeini goat Cashmere Characteristics. Small Ruminant Research (Submitted for Publication).

36 Acknowledgements Special Gratitude is Given to All the Cashmere Producers in Baft Region of Kerman Province Who Shared and Contributed Their Knowledge and Information. Gratitude is extended to: --International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) for the Financial i Support of Cashmere Project. --International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) for the Support of Cashmere Project. --Iranian Animal Science Research Institute, the Agriculture and Natural Resources Center of Kerman Province. --ICARDA office in Tehran for the Support of Cashmere Project. --The technicians of Alrun Fiber Laboratory in Almaty, Kazakhstan for Cashmere Measurements.

37 HISTORIC PERSPOLISE Achaemenian period (500 BC) Shiraz, Iran Thank you for your attention! ti

meri it Ge enetic Time / generations Intervention Selection Random mating No selection Random mating

meri it Ge enetic Time / generations Intervention Selection Random mating No selection Random mating Project Steering Committee Meeting Improving Livelihoods of Small Farmers and Rural Women through Value-Added Processing and Export of Cashmere, Wool and Mohair "Establishment of a cashmere goat breeding