July 21, The Honourable Michael Bryant Ministry of the Attorney General 720 Bay Street, 11 th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5G 2K1. Dear Mr.

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2 THE MEAT INSPECTION REVIEW The Honourable Roland J. Haines 80 Dundas St., 2 nd Floor, Unit Q London, ON N6A 1E7 Tel: (519) Fax: (519) Website: July 21, 2004 The Honourable Michael Bryant Ministry of the Attorney General 720 Bay Street, 11 th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5G 2K1 Dear Mr. Attorney: With this letter I transmit the Report of the Meat Regulatory and Inspection Review. Yours very truly, Roland J. Haines Reviewer Encl. REVIEW INTO THE MEAT REGULATORY AND INSPECTION REGIMES IN ONTARIO

3 Published by Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General Queen s Printer for Ontario, 2004 Cover Design: HONEY Design, Marketing & Communications Translation by Government Translation Services ISBN: O Copies of this and other Ontario Government Publications are available from Publications Ontario at 880 Bay Street, Toronto. Out-of-town customers may write to Publications Ontario, 50 Grosvenor Street, Toronto M7A 1N8. Telephone (416) or toll-free in Ontario Fax (613) Internet: The hearing impaired may call toll-free in Ontario MasterCard, Visa and American Express are accepted. Cheques and money orders should be made payable to the Minister of Finance. Prepayment is required.

4 1 Executive Summary...11 Chapter 1 - Introduction The Mandate Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Aylmer Meat Packers Inc Wallace Beef Inc Meat Inspectors Meat Production In Ontario Free Standing Meat Processors Two Systems of Meat Inspection A Science-Based Approach to Meat Safety HACCP Ontario Farm to Fork Princ iples and Priorities Chapter 2 - Current Structure of Meat Regulation in Ontario Introduction Constitutional Responsibility for Safe Meat The Current Federal System The Current Provincial System Ontario Food Safety Strategy and the Food Safety and Quality Act,

5 2 Chapter 3 - A Science-Based Approach to Food Safety Introduction Fundamental Principles of Meat Safety The Role of Government in a Science-Based Food Safety System Risk Analysis in the Development of Public Policy Foodborne Illnesses Food Safety Programs and HACCP Implementation of HACCP-Based Food Safety Programs United States HACCP in the Canadian Federal System HACCP-Based Food Safety Programs in Ontario Abattoirs and Meat Processing Plants Will HACCP Work in Ontario? Should HACCP be Voluntary or Mandatory? HACCP in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Summary and Conclusions re HACCP Traceability Biosecurity Surveillance Microbiological Standards for Meat Science Capacity in Ontario...168

6 3 Chapter 4 - Farm Livestock Production Overview of Meat Safety Issues on Farms Farming in Ontario HACCP-Based On-Farm Food Safety Programs Prerequisite Programs for On-Farm Food Safety Plans in Ontario Training and Certification On-Farm Food Safety Programs in Other Jurisdictions On-Farm Slaughter On-Farm Sales to Consumers On-Farm Inspection Chapter 5 - Transportation and Livestock Sales Transportation Livestock Community Sales Chapter 6 - Abattoirs Introduction Food Safety Issues at Abattoirs History of Abattoir Inspection in Ontario Ontario Legislation Affecting Abattoirs Abattoir Licensing in Ontario Abattoir Inspection and Audit...237

7 4 6.7 Provincial Abattoir Standards Abattoir Standards in Other Jurisdictions Provincial Abattoir Services Chapter 7 - Disposal of Meat Production Waste Introduction Food Safety Issues Existing Meat Production Waste Disposal Regime in Ontario Existing Methods for Disposal of Meat Production Waste Emergency Disposal Meat Production Disposal Systems in Other Jurisdictions The Future of Meat Production Waste Disposal in Ontario Chapter 8 - Meat and Fish Processors Introduction Meat Processors Food Safety Risks Meat Processors Current System Meat Processors Introduction Fish Processors Food Safety Risks Fish Processors Current System Fish Processors The Future Fish Processors Chapter 9 - Meat Retail and Distribution Introduction Food Safety Issues...345

8 5 9.3 Current Ontario System Meat Retail and Distribution Standards Public Health in Ontario and the Delivery of Public Health Food Safety Programs in Ontario Food Safety Investigations, Outbreaks and Responses Chapter 10 - Consumers Introduction Consumer Food Safety Risk Analysis Consumer Awareness and Education Partnerships in Consumer Education Labelling and Traceability Provincial Government Role in Education on Food Safety Chapter 11 - Compliance and Enforcement Introduction Current Compliance and Enforcement Issues Current Compliance and Enforcement Services and Recommended Changes Chapter 12 - Role of Communication in Meat Safety Introduction Communication Concerns An Informed Public Food Safety Policy Development Crisis Communication...460

9 6 Chapter 13 - Reconciling the Provincial and Federal Systems Introduction The Differences in the Systems The Need for Local Abattoirs Harmonization Food for Thought An OFIA Interprovincial Trade Implementation Audit Chapter 14 - Process of the Review Introduction Participation by Ontario Government Employees Time Line Procedure Consultations Expert Advisory Panel Research Acknowledgments...484

10 7 Glossary Appendix A - Order-In-Council Appendix B - Aylmer Meat Packers Inc. Its History with Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Appendix C - Wallace Beef Inc Appendix D - Farmed Animal Statistics Appendix E - Codex Alimentarius Commission Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System and Guidelines for Its Application (Annex to CAC/RCP , Rev. 3 (1997)) Appendix F - An Assessment of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards, Sources of the Hazards, Possible Interventions Associated with Production of Raw Food of Animal Origin During the Slaughter, Processing, Retail Distribution and Food Service Phases Appendix G - Veterinary Certificate for Direct Transport to Slaughter Appendix H - Commencement of Mandatory Meat Inspection in Ontario Appendix I - Slaughter Statistics for Provincially Inspected Abattoirs in Ontario Appendix J - Letter Inviting Submissions Appendix K - List of Individuals and Groups Who Provided Written Submissions to the Review Appendix L - Public Meeting in Peterborough March 24, Appendix M - Public Meeting in London March 31, Appendix N - Documents Relating to Reprisal Protection Appendix O - Biographies of Reviewers of the Expert Advisory Panel Report...555

Chapter 13 - Reconciling the Provincial and Federal Systems

463 Chapter 13 - Reconciling the Provincial and Federal Systems... 465 13.1 Introduction...465 13.2 The Differences in the Systems...465 13.3 The Need for Local Abattoirs...467 13.4 Harmonization...469