CHAPTER - 3 PROFILE OF HONEY INDUSTRY IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

Transcription

1 CHAPTER - 3 PROFILE OF HONEY INDUSTRY IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT 60

2 3.1 PROFILE OF HONEY INDUSTRY Bee- keeping refers to the domestication of honey bees for the purpose of obtaining honey and other useful products such as bee wax, pollen, royal jelly and pollinating activity. 1 Bee- keeping is an old tradition in India but used to be considered a non investment profit giving venture in most areas. Bee- keeping has the potential to develop as prime Agri- horticultural and forest based industry BEE- KEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA DURING THE BRITISH PERIOD Honey and bees have been known to human being, since time immemorial. Bee- keeping, unlike several other rural industries, is not a traditional enterprise in India. The First movable frame hive was used for domesticating bees in Bengal in BEE- KEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD After independence, taking from the Government of India s policy to rejuvenate the rural Industries, the newly established All India Khadi and Village Industries Board took up the task of Bee keeping development in the country. In 1959, this Board was renamed as Khadi and Village Industries Commission, under the Ministry of Industries having Khadi and village Industries Board at the State level. Some States, like Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh 1 Neelima R.Kumar, Bee - keeping for Self Employment, Kissan World, Vol. 3. No.1995, P R.C. Mishra, Waiting to be fully tapped, The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture, 1999, P Dr. Raja Justus, Economics of Beekeeping Industry,(A case of Tamil nadu), P

3 etc, established departments of Bee- keeping under the State Ministry of Agriculture Industry. On the recommendations of the National Commission on Agriculture (1976), an All India Co- operated Project on Honey Bee Research and Training was launched by ICAR in 1981 with CBRTIC, Pune as its main centre. At present its headquarters has been shifted to Choudary Charan Singh, Haryana Agriculture University Hissar. 4 In 1974, there were only about 205 colonies owned by the migrant bee keepers. The number rose to approximately 10 lakh colonies in In the mean while many voluntary organizations entered this field, such as, Bee- keepers co operative society, Indian Apiary Industries Institute of honey, Kanyakumari Sarvadya Singh and Young Men Christian Association. It was Young Men Christian Association Marthandam, in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, which started giving training in Bee- keeping for the first time in India and sent these trainees to other parts of the country 5. Bee- keeping programmes are also implemented through Khadi and Village Industries Commission, Federation of Bee keepers Association, Rubber Board, National Bee Board, Khadi and Village Industries Board etc. Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Commission is directly involved in honey trade through its only honey marketing department located in Kanyakumari District. This commission has carried on the activities of Bee- keeping (i.e.) organization of Co 4 Jameskutty karaoke, Diffusion of Bee keeping Technology in Kerala, An economic Analysis P.5 5 KVIC Honey trading activity in Kerala State and Kanyakumari District of Tamilnadu, P (1) 62

4 operatives, registering Institutions and Departmental centers, Manufacturing and Distribution of Improved tools and equipments to the needy Bee- keepers, Provision of finance for the creation of infrastructural facilities, such as, construction of Production units, plants, go downs, and marketing department for stocking production and marketing of honey and bee- wax, managerial assistance to production centers marketing at Kuzhithurai 6 Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board is functioning as the agency in the development and marketing of hive products. Starting from the year 1974, the Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board has been conducting practical demonstration at different places in Tamil Nadu in order to popularize the importance and benefits of Bee- keeping. The Federation of Bee keepers Association is a subsidiary organization of Khadi and Village Industries Board and is the Federation of Bee- keepers Societies in the State. At present, there are 28 Registered Societies under Bee- Federation. It was started in 1992 and was financed by the State Government, and Khadi and Village Industries Board. The main activity was to collect honey from members and societies and to process and market it. The federation is also supposed to conduct training in bee- keeping. But due to financial constraints, their operation is limited to the collection and marketing of Honey, at present. Rubber Board is also engaged in the Promotion of bee keeping among Rubber farmers through imparting training in bee keeping and subsidizing the establishments of new bee keeping units. In 6 KVIC Khadi and Village Industries Commission P3. 63

5 the year there were 24 rubber - approved agencies, which were spread all over Kerala and Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu. The National Bee Board was established in 1993 to co ordinate the work done under Khadi and village Industries Board and Bee keepers Co- operatives 7. Bee- keepers cannot store, process, pack and market their produce and thus need the support of the industry for proper growth of Bee- keeping. Honey Production is seasonal and is mainly production from November to May in different areas. This honey is required to be procured, transported, stored and processed for packing and marking. Honey is required to be processed and standardized to meet the domestic and international standards. The industry also has the important function of studying market trends for honey, which is a world commodity. 8 The Indian population of 100 million is a huge market for bee products. With the improvement in living standards, honey is finding a place in every household. In India is just a moderate 0.5k.g per year, the total domestic consumption will be 5 lakh tons. If an average bee colony yields 20 30k.g honey per year, India need to raise 1.6 to 2.4 million colonies to meet the demand 9. 7 Jameskutty karaoke,op,cit,p.11 8 Dr. Raja Justus, op. cit 9 Annie Bright, M.Chandrashekaran and M.Miduswami, Bee pollinatouras importance and presentationb Kisanworld vol-25 No.$ April 1998,P-61 64

6 TABLE NO. 3.1 PURCHASE AND SALE OF HONEY IN THE CO- OPERATIVE SOCIETY AT MARTHANDAM Year Quantity of Honey Purchased (k.g) Value Rs Quantity of Honey Sold (k.g) Value Rs Source : Purchase and sales Book THIRUVATTAR BEE KEEPERS CO OPERATIVE SOCIETY:- This society was started in 1965 and the present membership is 453. It indicates the increase of Bee- keepers in Thiruvattar and Killiyoor. The Total honey produce is k.g. Like Marthandam Bee- 65

7 keepers Society, this society was also purchasing raw honey and were selling after processing PRODUCTION OF HONEY IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT: Production of Honey in Kanyakumari District is about Kg. The major Portion of honey is obtained from Vilavancode and Kalkulam Taluks. Now there are Bee colonies in Kanyakumari District and 7000 persons are engaged in Bee keeping. Honey production seasons in Kanyakumari District is February, March and April every year. Honey harvested from different species are given below : Apis Cevarna - 8 to 10 Kg. per colony Apis Mellifera - 10 to 15 kg. per colony Apis Dorsata - 10 to 25Kg. per colony Apis Florea gm. To 2 Kg. per colony Honey Production in India is only about 27,000 tonnes a year and the major portion of this is obtained from Apis Dorsata,though the share of apiary is increasing every year. At present, it is estimated that about 9000 tons of honey is produced from 6lakhs colonies. Only about percent of the bee flora is being exploited at present Prof.J.Jhonson, Apiculture Book

8 3.4 PRODUCTION VALUE OF THE VILLAGE INDUSTRIES:- There are two Co- operative Societies in Kanyakumari District They are Thiruvattar and Marthandam. Marthandam Co operative society is the largest in India. Marthandam Village owns more than 30, 000 hives. Processed honey is sold out in Tamil Nadu through the YMCA, Khadicraft, Khadi Bandanas, Honey Marketing department, show room cum sales counters and at honey parlours at selected places. Bee- keeping is also intensively carried out in Kalkulam and Vilavancode taluks excluding Thiruvattar and Killiyoor Panchayat of the Union areas. 3.5 MARTHANDAM BEE- KEEPERS CO OPERATIVE SOCIETY :- Marthadam Bee- keepers Co operative Society was registered on , under Travancore Co Operative Society Act (Act V ) and started to work on The area of operation of the society was confined to Kalkulam and Vilavancode Taluks of Kanyakumari District, excluding Thriuvattar and Killiyoor panchayats of Union areas. The main objective of the society was the improvement of the bee- keeping industry and the economic conditions of the bee- keepers. The society was started in 1937 with 23 bee- keepers and has now increased to 1347 with paid up share capital of Rs. 1, 84, 565. The Board of Directors has administered the society since May After , the committee is superseded and the superintendent of Khadi 67

9 Board is working as special officer. There are 12 staff members in the society, including the special officer. The Society has 26.5 acres of land with its own building and a storing shed. The members of the society donated the storing shed during The Tamil Khadi and Village Industries Board has provided an amount of Rs to the society as working fund loan at 4 % interest. Now there is no sufficient go down facility. The Honey purchased by the Society is processed Agmarked,( A Grade) and supplied all over India in bottles and tins in retail and bulk. The production of Honey is seasonal according to climatic condition. i.e. February to April every year. The Society gives employment opportunities to more than 10,000 individuals and their families are benefited. The Society stands first in production and sales.in the State Khadi Crafts, Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation, Tamil Nadu medicinal Plant, Sarcomata Sanghams and Private concerns are our regular customers. There was a net profit Rs. 323,082/- for the year In the profit was divided by the General Body as per Co- operative Societies Act and rules, Bonus and Dividend were distributed accordingly to the members of the Society. The Society earned a net profit of Rs during The Society was administrated by the Board of Directors from 09/1996 to 05/2001. Now the committee is superceded and Superintendent of Khadi Board is working as special Officer since There are 12 staff members in the Society including the Special Officer. 68

10 The Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board had provided an amount of Rs. 15, 84, 650/- to the Society as working fund loan at 4 % interest. Now, there is no sufficient go down facilities to store the honey. Therefore the society is forced to take rented go downs for this purpose, during the honey procurement season every year. Necessary proposals for Rs.40 lakhs have been submitted to Khadi commission for the construction of new go downs and working sheds in the society to store the honey. Therefore every year the society is forced to take rented go down for this purpose, during the honey procurement season.. In South India, bee- keeping on modern lines was initiated by Rev. Father Newton in the year 1890.Systematical attempts have been made by the central Government from the year 1920 to develop it along scientific lines. It came into being as a cottage industry in 1924 with the establishment of the Young Men Christiasn Association (Y.M.C.A) Rural Centre by Dr. Hatch at Marthandam. Dr. Hatch exerted great interest in the growth of the bee- keeping Industry in Kanyakumari District, under the auspices of the Y.M.C.A. Ha made Newton s Hivequit become popular among the people in the village around Marthandam. K.T. Paul, J.J Jesudhas, J.Rajiah and Manuel were also responsible for the spread of the industry in the far-flung areas of Kanyakumari District. The honey purchased by the Marthandam Bee- keepers Society is processed, Agmarked (A- grade) and supplied all over India, in bottles and tins in retail and bulk. The production of honey is seasonal according to conditions, that is February to April every year. The society is giving employment opportunities to more than 10,000 individuals and their families are benefited. Bonus and dividend were distributed to the members, from profit earned by the society. The society stands first in 69

11 Production and sales in the Sate, Tamil Nadu Civil supplies Corporation. Tamil Nadu Medical Plant, Sarvocrya Songharms and Private concerns are the regular customers of this society. 11 OBJECTIVES OF THE SOCIETY Some of the objectives of Marthandam Bee- keepers Cooperative Society are. To improve the industry and the economic conditions of Beekeepers residing in the area of operation. To attain these objectives the society puts forward the following schemes. 1. To raise the funds required for its business. 2. To purchase raw- materials and appliances required for the industry and sell the same either for cash or credit to its members. 3. To get raw- materials converted into finished products by issuing them to the members and paying them wages for such conversion. 4. To give loans to members for useful purpose. 5. To establish workshops where members can carry on their business jointly, or where the members and artisans can be employed by the society labourers to manufacture articles on its account. 6. To obtain contract from Government, Public bodies, or others for supply of Bee- products and appliances and get them executed through or with the help of members. 11 Punitha. K. Marketing of Honey inn Kanyakumary District, M Phill Dissertaries MS University , 70

12 7. To impart or arrange to impart business and technical training. 8. To act as the agent for the joint purchase of domestic and other requirements of its members finished products. 71 and for the joint sale of their 9. To purchase improved appliances connected with the industry and hold them as common or let them on hire to members. 10. To construct or hire go downs or other buildings necessary for the conduct of its business. 11. To open sales depots in the places selected by Board of Directors, subject to the previous a approval of the Registrar of Industrial Co operatives. 12. To do such other acts, as may be conducive to the attainment of the general objectives of the society. 3.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF YOUNG MEN CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (YMCA) IN APIARY DEVELOPMENT:- In 1844, Gorge Williams of London along with twelve like - minded Youngmen prayerfully founded the Y.M.C.A with the objective of providing the youth, opportunities of self development without distinction of caste, colour and creed. In the history of Bee- keeping the Services rendered by the Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) are monumental. The one which needs special mention is the Y.M.C.A of Marthandam in the Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu. Young Men Christian Association of Tamil Nadu Rural demonstration center was incepted in the year 1924 by Dr. D.H. Hatch at Marthandam. Bee- keeping is one of the Village

13 industries taken up and propagated by the Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) as early as The Y.M.C.A made model hives and demonstrated the domestication of wild honey bees. Model hives are also sold to the parties interested in bee- keeping. The staff of Y.M.C.A Rural Demonstration centre toured extensively in the interior part of the District in Tamil Nadu and delivered, collaborate and inspiration lecturers on the importance, uses and benefits of bee- keeping. Bee- keeping was introduced at the School level to the students divisions, taking this as one of their subjects. During Summer, every year, the Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) conducts a two months course on bee- keeping. This creates confidence among the people to take this as their occupation. Natural Honey week is celebrated every year. Marthandam Young Men Christian Association Rural Demonstration Centre, after repeated experiments, found out standard bees hives, suitable to the Indian honey. These types of hives had a growing popularity among the bee- keepers, due to their benefits over the traditional types of hives A.S.Kahlon, M.R.George, AgricultureMarketing and Price Policies, P-27 72

14 TABLE NO. 3.2 YOUNG MEN CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (YMCA) YEAR WISE PARTICULARS FROM Year Purchase Rate Quantity Of Honey Purchased Value Rs. Selling Rate Qty. of Honey Sale Value Rs Source: Purchase and sales Book 3.7 TNKVIB HONEY PROCESSING AND PACKING CENTRE: The details of honey purchased, sales, number of employees, wages and profit by Tamil Nadu Khadi village Industries Board (TNKVIB), Honey Processing and Packing centre Marthendam during the period 1996 to 2006 are stated below in the table No

15 TABLE NO. 3.3 PURCHASE, SALES, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, WAGES AND PROFIT OF HONEY IN TNKVIB DURING THE PERIOD Year Purchase Value Rs Sales Value Rs No. of Wages Profit Qt Qty employees SOURCE : Purchase and Sales Book It is noted from the Table No. 3.3, that the purchase and profit of honey is increasing every year HONEY PACKING COST STATEMENT Honey is marketed in various quantities in glass bottle ranging from 1 kg. to 100 grams COST OF PRODUCTION FOR KG. OF AGMARK HONEY 1. Cost of Raw Honey Cooli for curing

16 3. Fuel for curing Accountable waste (moisture) Rent Pay and allowance Depreciation Go down and Transport Insurance Unavoidable expenses interest Rate Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Loose Honey Cost of Agmark Label and Grading Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Loose honey COST OF 1 KG. BOTTLE PACKED HONEY Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Honey Cost of 1 g. empty bottle Breakage of 3 % Cost of P.P. Caps Wages (Clearing, Filing, Corking And labelling & Packing) Cost of packing material % of expence is allotted for breakage of bottiles during transportation or washing. 75

17 Transport changes Other expenses Selling price for 1 kg. bottle honey Less: Trade Commission 10 % Less: Cost of Production Net profit COST OF 500 GRAM BOTTLED HONEY: Cost of 500 grams cured Honey Cost of 500 grams empty bottle Breakage of bottle 3 % Cost of 53 N.M., P.P. Caps Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking) Labeling and packing) Cost of packing materials Transport changes Sales Commission 10 % Other unexpected expense

18 37.00 Sales Rate Less: Production cost Net profit COST OF 200 GRAMS BOTTLED HONEY: Cost of 200 grams cured honey Cost of 200 grams empty bottle Breakage of bottle 3 % Cost of 46 N.M., P.P. Caps Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking Labelling and packing) Cost of packing materials Transport changes Sales Commission 10 % Other unexpected expense Sales Rate Less : Production cost Net Profit TNK VIB Honey Processing packing Centres and Co operative Societies Purchasing various kinds of bottle from Kolkatta and caps were purchased from Pallanvilai (Marthandam). 77

19 COST OF 100 GRAMS BOTTLED HONEY: Cost of 100 grams cured Honey Cost of 100 grams empty bottle Breakage of bottle 3 % Cost of 38 M.M., P.P. Caps Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking, Labeling and packing) Cost of packing material Sales Commission 10 % Other unexpected expenses Sales Rate Less; Production cost Net Profit

20 3.7.9 COST OF 25 KG. CAPACITY OF TIN PACKING : Cost of 25 Kg. cured Honey Cost of one tin Cost of bee wax Wages for packing in one tin (washing Filling, soldering and packing etc.) Packing materials Transport changes Sales Commission 10 % Others (Leakage & other expenses) Selling Rate (90 x25) Less: Production cost Net Profit for one tin Net Profit for 1 Kg. Honey PRICE OF HONEY as follows: The details regarding the price of honey from 1996 to 2006 are 79

21 TABLE NO. 3.4 PRICE OF HONEY IN THE BEE- KEEPERS CO OPERATIVE SOCIETY IN MARTHANDAM DURING THE PERIOD Purchase Rate Selling Price Bottled Honey From Loose Bee 1 Kg 1/2Kg. 200Gm 100Gm. Year Honey(Rs) Keepers (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) Source: Final report of KVIB Nagarcoil It is clear from the table that the price of honey is increasing year by year. 80

22 STANDARDIZATION AND GRADING OF THE HIVE PRODUCTS : The Indian Standard Institution (I.S.I) has approved two kinds of standards for hive product in India. They are, ISI A type and ISI B Type hives products. Standardization of hive products ensures increasing confidence in the minds of the people, who at large, constitute the major consumers of honey. Assured quality of the product by the Government, better value for money spent, and convenient methods of settling disputes with the supplier, and the sale of honey at minimum of risk are the salient merits. Since bee- keeping is considered as an agro based village industry, the grading of honey is known as Agmark. GRADING OF HONEY UNDER AGMARK: Grading of honey under Agmark is done as per honey grading rule 1970 (amended up to 1981) by the Agriculture Marketing advisor, Government of India. A sample of Honey from the bulk lot is taken for analysis by the approved chemist and accordingly the grade designation depends upon water percentage. That is the significance of Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) in Apiary Development. Special Grade> 20% Moisture, A Grade > 22% Moisture, Standard Grade > 25 % Moisture. 81

23 AGMARK GRADE SPECIFICATIONS OF HONEY TABLE NO. 3.5 AGMARK GRADE SPECIFICATIONS OF HONEY. Grade Sl.No Specifications Special A Standard 1 Specific Gravity Sucrose content 5.0% 5.0 % 10.0% 3 Ash Moisture Total reducing Sugar (T.R.S) Fructose/Glucose Ratio Acidity (Acid Value) Aniline Chloride Test Negative Negative Negative 9 Fiche`s Test Negative Negative Negative Source: State Agmark Grading Laboratory in Marthandam. 82

24 TABLE NO. 3.6 QUANTITY OF HONEY LABELLING AND SAMPLES TAKEN IN AGMARK GRADING LABORATORY IN MARTHANDAM From Honey Quantity of Honey Year Centre Labeling (K.g) Samples taken in Agmark Lots ,00, ,00, ,00, ,00, ,00, ,22, ,55, ,60, ,75, ,90, SOURCE : State Agmark Grading Laboratory in Marthandam It is noted from this table that the Quantity of Honey sold through AGMARK grading has increased by 40, 29, 800 Kgs. over a period of ten years from to