Forage maize seminar UCD Lyons Estate Research Farm Forage Maize Research Programme update
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1 Forage maize seminar 2015 UCD Lyons Estate Research Farm Forage Maize Research Programme update Bridget Lynch Type relevant English language Unit Name into this text box in Title Master. Type relevant Irish language Unit Name into this text box in Title Master.
2 Food Harvest 2020 Targets 40% beef output value 20% sheep output value 50% milk production
3 Dairy production systems post quota Grass based systems will predominate BUT diversification of dairy farming systems may increase Expansion: increase LU and/or SR Focus: Maximising milk output from existing land bank How? Maximising use of grazed grass/home grown forage Strategic use of supplementation thereafter
4 kg DM/ha/day Role of forage maize Buffer feed Increase efficiency of utilisable N in grass Substitute conc supplementation Grass Growth Curve Calf to two years Spring calving dairy Buffer feed Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov Dec.
5 UCD forage maize research objectives To define optimum agronomy practises to produce high quality forage maize in marginal growing conditions Film type, variety Herbicide programme Nitrogen rate and timing, N fertiliser type Sowing date, seeding rate To improve decision making for maize growers in marginal environments To determine the response in milk production and composition of a high energy forage maize versus a conventional high starch concentrate supplemented at grass
6 Effect of site on yield t DM/ha film and open (2013) Starch (t /ha) 202 MJ ( 000s/ha) Starch (t /ha) 205 MJ ( 000s/ha) Starch (t /ha 215 MJ ( 000s/ha) Starch (t /ha 190 MJ ( 000s/ha) Site P<0.05
7 Effect of site on yield t DM/ha film and open (2014) Starch (t /ha) 206 MJ ( 000s/ha) Starch (t /ha) 200 MJ ( 000s/ha) Starch (t /ha 189 MJ ( 000s/ha) Site P<0.01
8 Effect of site on yield t DM/ha film versus open (2013) Site x film P=0.1
9 The effect of film treatment on whole crop yield and chemical composition of forage maize (2013) Film treatment Open Samco Green Benefit SEM Significance Yield t DM/ha t DM 0.29 *** Grain yield t DM/hectare t DM 0.42 *** DM% % 0.35 *** ME (MJ/kg DM) MJ 0.14 *** Starch (%DM) % 0.65 *** Starch yield (t DM/ha) t DM 0.17 *** ME yield (MJ 000s/ha) ,000 MJ 3.9 *** *** P< LSM across all four sites, 2 LSM for North East site only
10 The effect of film treatment on whole crop yield and chemical composition of forage maize (2014) Film treatment Open Samco Green Benefit SEM Significance Yield t DM/ha t DM 0.40 *** Grain yield t DM/hectare t DM 0.42 *** DM% % 0.49 *** ME (MJ/kg DM) MJ 0.04 *** Starch (%DM) % 0.86 *** Starch yield (t DM/ha) t DM 0.18 *** ME yield (MJ 000s/ha) ,000 MJ 4.7 *** *** P< LSM across three sites, 2 LSM for North East site only
11 An evaluation of the effect of herbicide application timing and product on yield of forage maize in 2013 & 2014 Two timings: Pre emergence only or pre emergence + post emergence Variety (P7905) and film (Samco Green), fertiliser and seeding rate were constant across plots and sites
12 2013 Four sites 2013: Adare (SW), Cork (S), Dublin (NE) and Waterford (SE) Two timings: Pre emergence only or pre emergence + post emergence Pre herbicide treatments SAC - Stomp Aqua + Calaris SADG Stomp Aqua + Dual Gold SAF Stomp Aqua + Frontier Post herbicide Alpha Bromotril P
13 Weed score 1-5 The effect of pre and post herbicide on weed score (June) in South and SouthWest PreHerbicide P <0.05 Control SAC SADG SAF Pre Herbicide
14 Weed score (1-5) The effect of site and herbicide treatment on weed score in Sept 5 SAC SAC+ SADG SADG+ SAF SAF Adare Bandon Waterford UCD Site P =0.001 Post P=0.08 Pre P=0.1
15 2014 Four sites 2014: Adare (SW), Cork (S), Dublin (NE) and Wexford (SE) Two timings: Pre emergence only or pre emergence + post emergence Pre herbicide treatments SA - Stomp Aqua SADG Stomp Aqua + Dual Gold SAW Stomp Aqua + WingP Post herbicide Accent
16 Weed score (1-5) The effect of site and PreHerb on weed score (1-5) June Under film Between rows SA SADG SAW SA SADG SAW Wexford Adare UCD Bandon 0 Wexford Adare UCD Bandon SA - Stomp Aqua SADG Stomp Aqua + Dual Gold SAW Stomp Aqua + WingP Site x PreHerb P =0.001
17 Herbicide summary Stomp aqua + Frontier good control early season Stomp aqua + Calaris good control over the growing season Stomp aqua + Wing P good control especially in challenging sites Post herbicide application improved weed control
18 Optimal nitrogen fertilizer input requirement (kg N/t DM) for total forage maize production Site: Dublin (NE) Two timings: 100% at pre sowing or 50:50 Four inorganic N rates: 0 kg N/ha 50 kg N/ha 100 kg N/ha 150 kg N/ha All plots received 33t/ha cattle slurry (+60Kg/ha available N) Second application 10 weeks post sowing Variety (P7905) and film (Samco Green), seeding rate were constant across plots Measurements: Emergence %, fresh weight yield, DM%, total DM yield, grain yield, CP, starch, ME, NDF, NUE
19 yield t DM/ha The effect of inorganic N on whole crop and grain yield t DM/ha Linear P < Whole crop Grain kg inorganic N/ha
20 yield t DM/ha CNU kg N/ha The effect of inorganic N and timing on yield (t DM/ha) and CNU kg N/ha yield (t DM/ha) CNU (kg N/ha) % 50, 50% % 50 50% kg inorganic N/ha kg inorganic N/ha Time P = 0.1 Time P = 0.1, N x Time P = 0.1
21 Optimal nitrogen fertilizer input requirement (kg N/t DM) for total forage maize production Site: Dublin (NE) Two timings: 100% at pre sowing or 50:50 Four inorganic N rates: 0 kg N/ha 50 kg N/ha 100 kg N/ha 150 kg N/ha All plots received 33t/ha cattle slurry (+60Kg/ha available N) Second application N16 at V6-V8 Film: Samco Green v Samco Yellow Variety (P7905) Measurements: Emergence %, fresh weight yield, DM%, total DM yield, grain yield, CP, starch, ME, NDF, NUE
22 yield t DM/ha The effect of inorganic N and film type on whole crop and grain yield t DM/ha Whole crop Grain 19 Green Yellow 19 Green Yellow kg inorganic N/ha kg inorganic N/ha Film = NS Total N = P=0.005 Film = P=0.03
23 The effect of inorganic N and film type on CNU and NUE CNU (kg N/ha) NUE kg kg Green Yellow 100 Green Yellow kg inorganic N/ha kg inorganic N/ha Film = NS Total N = P=0.002 Film = NS Total N = P=0.001
24 The effect of film treatment and N application timing on whole crop yield and chemical composition of forage maize (2014) Yield t DM/ha Green Green Yellow Yellow SEM Timing Film Split N sow Split N sow P<0.01 Grain yield t DM/ha Starch yield t DM/ha ME yield MJ 000s/ha NUE kg kg-1 CNU kg N/ha P< P< P<0.01
25 Objectives of dairy forage maize feeding trial To determine the response in milk production and composition to high quality forage maize supplementation at grass To determine the response in milk production and composition of a high energy forage maize versus a conventional high starch concentrate supplemented at grass
26
27 Methodology 60 spring calving cows averaging 136 DIM were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments Treatment groups were balanced based on DIM, BCS and F+P milk yield Cows were offered grazed grass and one of the following dietary treatments for 7 weeks (July-August 2014): 0 kg supplementation 4 kg commercial concentrate (12.6 MJ/kg DM and 41.6% starch) 4kg DM high energy forage maize (12.1 MJ/kg DM and 41.6% starch) 4kg DM low energy forage maize (10.5 MJ/kg DM and 14.4% starch)
28 The effect of dietary treatment on milk yield and composition Milk yield Grass Grass + Conc Grass + L maize Grass + H Maize SEM P<0.001 Sig kg/cow/d Milk fat % P<0.001 Milk fat yield kg/d Milk protein % Milk protein yield kg/d Milk F+P kg/d Milk lactose % Milk lactose NS P< NS yield kg/d
29 Cow BCS The effect of mid lactation dietary supplementation on cow BCS 3.2 Grazed grass Grass conc Grass HM Grass LM Week Diet x week P <0.001
30 Conclusions Geographical effect on production potential Film produced more forage maize of higher quality v open Spilt applications of fertiliser N cannot be advised at this point High quality forage maize has the potential to reduce concentrate input in dairy production mid lactation Increased milk yield and BCS Analysis ongoing Cost benefit analysis of strategic supplementation of high quality forage maize required
31 Acknowledgements UCD Stuart Kirwan Eamon Corcoran Karina Pierce Eugene Brennan Alan Kelly Connie Grace Edward Jordan Ian Keating Michael Clarke Samco Robert Shine Valerie Shine Joe Deegan Matthew Shine
32 .and the post grads and farm workers at UCD Lyons Research Farm
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