Current Research on Spotted Wing Drosophila Management in Small Fruits

Transcription

1 Current Research on Spotted Wing Drosophila Management in Small Fruits Kelly Hamby, Bryan Butler, Margaret Lewis, Christopher Taylor University of Maryland

2 Outline SWD Refresher Chemical Control Research Spray Coverage Cultural Control Research Habitat manipulation Conclusion

3 Life Cycle Bev Gerdeman, WSU days Claudia Daniel, FiBL E.H. Beers, WSU Chris Taylor

4 Damage from Larvae

5 Economic Threshold? How much damage is acceptable?

6 Outline SWD Refresher Chemical Control Research Spray Coverage Cultural Control Research Habitat manipulation Conclusion

7 Spray Coverage Trials Margaret Lewis Ph.D. Student Funded by MDA and MSHS

8 Spray Coverage Trials How does spray volume impact coverage? 50 GPA 100 GPA Funded by MDA and MSHS

9 Approach Inner Outer Inner Outer

10 Approach Durand Wayland 100 Standard head 24 fan with 7 nozzles Bottom 3 nozzles ON 3 mph/150 psi 50 GPA nozzles, 100 GPA nozzles

11 First Date 8/31/ GPA 100 GPA

12 Percent Coverage ± SE Inner Canopy 8/31/ GPA 50 GPA High Medium Low

13 Percent Coverage ± SE Outer Canopy 8/31/ a ab a bc 100 GPA 50 GPA High Medium Low c c

14 Improvements Lowered the sprayer to lowest setting Angled lowest 2 nozzles for downward coverage

15 Second Date 9/21/ GPA 100 GPA

16 Percent Coverage ± SE Inner Canopy 9/21/ GPA 50 GPA High Medium Low

17 Percent Coverage ± SE Outer Canopy 9/21/ * * 100 GPA 50 GPA 60 * High Medium Low

18 Spray Trial Summary Adjust nozzles and sprayer for crop Coverage is poorer in inner canopy and low

19 Insecticides to Prevent Infestation Insecticides not very rainfast avoid rain and may need to reapply Coverage difficult in inner and lower canopy Higher GPA improves coverage in outer Only target adults, SWD reproduce quickly frequent application

20 Outline SWD Refresher Chemical Control Research Spray Coverage Cultural Control Research Habitat manipulation Conclusion

21 Habitat Manipulation Trials Christopher Taylor Post Doctoral Scholar Funded by MAES and USDA-OREI

22 Habitat Manipulation Can mulching impact habitat favorability for SWD? Woodchip Mulch Plastic Weed Fabric

23 Approach WMREC and WyeREC Second year blueberry plantings Compared # times T 87.6 F

24 Temperature Both sites significantly cooler below

25 Temperature WyeREC black weed fabric hotter WMREC no difference

26 Life Cycle Bev Gerdeman, WSU Claudia Daniel, FiBL E.H. Beers, WSU? Chris Taylor

27 Approach Exposed pupae (20) Eggs inside fruit (40-50 eggs)

28 Approach Above and below WMREC 7/21, 8/19 WyeREC 7/28, 8/11

29 Approach Laboratory controls Infested fruit 69.7% survival Pupae 89.2% survival

30 WMREC No survival in any treatment

31 Average % survival WyeREC 100% 80% 60% 40% B 20% 0% A A A Above Below Above Below Weed Fabric Woodchips

32 Average % eclosion WMREC 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% A A A A Above Below Above Below Weed Fabric Woodchips

33 Average % eclosion WMREC 100% 80% B 60% 40% 20% 0% A A A Above Below Above Below Weed Fabric Woodchips

34 Times 87.5 F Temperature Related? WMREC WyeREC A B Fabric A Chips B A Fabric B A Chips B Above Below Above Below Above Below Above Below Fabric Fabric Mulch Mulch Fabric Fabric Mulch Mulch k k k k w w w w Survived best below woodchip at WyeREC Also coolest

35 Mulches Can impact temperature which may impact survival

36 Habitat Manipulation Can pruning impact canopy favorability for SWD? No Pruning Medium Pruning High Pruning

37 Approach Two unsprayed sites Second year plantings Primocane raspberries

38 Average LAI Quantifying Pruning High Prune B Medium Prune No Prune A A AB A A 5 0 KEEDYSVILLE 5 0 QUEENSTOWN

39 Approach Differences in temperature Measured in 20 minute periods for 12 weeks # periods 87.6 F

40 Temperature High Prune A A B Medium Prune A A No Prune A KEEDYSVILLE QUEENSTOWN

41 Approach 6 outer ring Berry quality parameters Yield Weekly August-October

42 Average # of Berries High Prune Yield Medium Prune No Prune A A B A A A KEEDYSVILLE QUEENSTOWN

43 Larval Infestation 10 fruit/plant randomly selected SWD larvae floated and counted

44 Larval Infestation SITE TREATMENT MEAN SE TUKEY KEEDYSVILLE HIGH PRUNE A KEEDYSVILLE MED PRUNE A KEEDYSVILLE NO PRUNE B QUEENSTOWN HIGH PRUNE A QUEENSTOWN MED PRUNE A QUEENSTOWN NO PRUNE A

45 Habitat Manipulation Summary Pruning can impact SWD habitat Cooler, more SWD Less yield

46 Cultural Controls to Minimize Infestation Earlier fruiting varieties or fruit lower SWD populations Manage on-farm sources of SWD remove cull fruit pre- and post-harvest Habitat can impact SWD further research on best way to do this

47 Diversified Farms Many susceptible crops Keep an eye on ALL susceptible fruit ALL season

48 Management Summary Chemical controls most reliable Reapply after rain

49 Good Coverage Calibrate sprayer Check spray deposition

50 Future? Looking for monitoring and management solutions

51 More Information Spotted Wing Drosophila Monitoring and Management Spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is an insect pest that continues to be a problem for growers of soft-skinned fruit such as blackberry, blueberry, cherry (sweet and tart), and raspberry (black and red). Unlike other vinegar fly species (Drosophila spp.) that lay their eggs in over-ripe, damaged, rotting, and fermenting fruit, SWD will attack undamaged fruit as it ripens. Figure 1. SWD adult female (left) and male (right) Adults are small flies about 1/16 to 1/8 inch long with red eyes and an amber colored body with black stripes on the abdomen (Figure 1). The male flies have a black spot towards the tip of each wing. The females do not have spots on the wings but they have a very prominent, saw-like ovipositor (egg laying structure), larger than other vinegar flies. The female penetrates the skin of softskinned fruit laying the eggs just under the skin, leaving a small puncture on the fruit surface. Eggs hatch and larvae develop and feed and this damage can provide an entry site for other vinegar flies and secondary pathogens. SWD Has Wide Range of Host Plants SWD hosts include many wild and cultivated fruit crops. In the mid-atlantic region, wild relatives of common cultivated fruit [e.g. Allegheny (aka common) blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis), wild black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), American red raspberry (Rubus strigosus), wild blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), wild cherry (Prunus spp.)] are present in the landscape surrounding fruit farms and may harbor SWD. In addition to these close relatives of commercial hosts, SWD successfully develops on other wild, ornamental and noncrop fruiting plants in the landscape. Recent work in other regions has suggested that species of honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) (abundant in many mid-atlantic habitats) Fact Sheet FS-1023 November 2015 Google UMD Fact Sheet FS-1023 Or go to: Hambylab.weebly.com For more information on this and other topics visit the University of Maryland Extension website at 1

52 Crop Specific Spray Tables

53 OREI Project Google spottedwingorganic Or go to: eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic

54 Evaluation/Needs Assessment Helps ensure my applied research and extension meets stakeholder needs

55 Questions/Discussion