World Bank Group Seminar. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Natural Resources Management

Transcription

1 World Bank Group Seminar Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Natural Resources Management September 30, 2016 Tokyo, Japan Julia Bucknall, Acting Senior Director Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice

2 2015 was a momentous year

3 Good news: Global Poverty is down Millions of people living below $1.90/ a day (2011 PPP). Source: World Bank

4 But 110 Poverty is more entrenched 78% of the world s extreme poor live in rural areas % of Total South Asia / Rural Population 2008 Sub-Saharan Africa / Rural Population Share of rural population in total population per region; Share of rural poverty in total poverty. Sources: WDI; IFAD 2010

5 Poverty rates would be higher without income from Natural Resources Poverty rate Without environmental income Poverty rate would increase from 27% to 41% in households surveyed Poverty rate (%) in subtropical smallholder systems, based on data from 58 sites in 24 countries. Environmental income = income from forests and other environmental resources. Source: Noack et al. PEN data, cited in Shock Waves

6 Rising global demand Projected increase in food demand by 2030 (%) Food, water, energy, pulp

7 Shifting demographics Population in 2010 (billion) Americas 1 Europe 1 Africa 1 Asia 4 Population in 2100 (billion) Americas 1 Europe 1 Africa 4 Asia 5 Distribution of the global middle class (%) by region. Source: German Development Institute; Simple breakdown of projected world population. Source: Hans Rosling, 2015

8 Environmental 500 Degradation is worsening Environmental costs (Bn 2011 USD) Net GHG emissions/removals from land use GHG emissions from fossil fuels Forest timber depletion Environmental damages in low and middle income countries are up 83% since 1990.

9 Some losses are irreversible Living Planet Index (left) Sources: WWF, Living Planet Index, 2015; Tom Toles, Washington Post

10 Global risks are changing Changes in global risk perceptions between 2015 and Source: World Economic Forum

11 We ve agreed to transformation

12 Our mission We have opportunities to deliver on all fronts: poverty, prosperity, sustainability

13 ENR Global Practice Business Lines

14 What space does WAVES work in? Natural Capital Accounting is focused on the part of total wealth that comes from land, water, mineral, energy, soil, forests and timber, and ecosystem assets. WAVES emphasizes institutionalization, and country and decisiondriven, policy focused NCA

15 WAVES Objectives WAVES is a World Bank led global partnership that aims to promote sustainable development by ensuring that natural resources are mainstreamed in the development planning and national economic accounts. WAVES aims to: 1) Help countries adopt and implement accounts that are relevant for policies and compile a body of experience; 2) Develop ecosystem accounting methodologies; 3) Establish a global platform for training and knowledge sharing; and 4) Build international consensus around NCA

16 WAVES Global Partnership Core implementing countries Contributing Donor Partners Participating Partners

17 The story so far 2010 WAVES was launched at the Convention on Biological Diversity meeting in Nagoya, Japan 2011 Fundraising began and funding through the MDTF became available for country implementation in December Following from the Gaborone Declaration, World Bank launched the 50:50 NCA initiative for Rio At the World Bank-IMF Spring Meetings, Highlevel Ministerial Dialogue with Ministers of Finance on NCA to reaffirm their commitment To respond to the growing demand, an expansion strategy was approved by the WAVES Steering Committee WAVES+ approved by the Steering Committee. Partnership to support 5-8 additional core implementing countries and increase focus on regional activities

18 Water accounts in Botswana COUNTRY EXAMPLES Ecosystem Accounts - Philippines The water-intensive agricultural sector contributes the least to GDP and employment; the mining sector has greater water productivity, and the services sector does even better. Urbanization and industrialization in Laguna de Bay have led to: Decreased agricultural lands, from 24% to perennial crops and 15% to 11% for perennial crops Increased built-up areas, from 8% to 17% Heavy sedimentation has decreased the retention capacity and increased flood risks Southern Palawan is facing competing demands on its forests, agricultural lands, minerals, marine resources and biodiversity, leading to: More and more land converted to palm oil plantation Decline in coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems Small increase in forests cover Importance of ecosystem regulating services

19 Impact of NCA in Botswana Impact of NCA in Philippines Water accounts are identified as a key tool for water sector reforms. Mineral accounts are helping to develop a fiscal rule on managing mineral revenues - a major component of GDP and government revenue. Energy accounts are expected to guide electricity pricing and decisions about the energy supply mix, particularly the role of renewables versus coal. Laguna de Bay: Water accounts will inform water pricing. Physical and monetary accounts of the ecosystem and its services will inform upstream land use management for water quality. Southern Palawan: Accounts will help in land use planning and management, and in managing tradeoffs

20 THE BLUE ECONOMY - OUR VISION Our vision of a sustainable healthy blue economy is foremost a world of healthy aquatic habitats and ecosystems that support fish stocks properly valued and managed for the delivery of ecosystem services including incomes and poverty alleviation, resilience to climate change, food and nutritional security.

21 Potential of growing the Ocean Economy: Traditional and Emerging Ocean Industries Components of the Ocean Economy Type of Activity Ocean Service Industry Drivers of Growth Fisheries Food Security Seafood Harvest of living Aquaculture Demand for Protein resources R&D for healthcare and Marine biotechnology Pharmaceuticals, chemicals industry Minerals Seabed mining Demand for minerals Extraction of non-living Oil and gas Demand for alternative resources, generation of Energy Renewables energy sources new resources Fresh water Desalination Demand for fresh water Commerce and trade in and around the oceans Response to ocean health challenges Transport and trade Tourism and recreation Ocean monitoring and surveillance Carbon Sequestration Coastal Protection Waste Disposal Shipping Port infrastructure and services Tourism Coastal Development Technology and R&D Blue Carbon Habitat protection and restoration Assimilation of nutrients and wastes Growth in seaborne trade; International regulations Growth of global tourism Coastal urbanization Domestic regulations R&D in ocean technologies Growth in coastal and ocean protection and conservation activities

22 Challenges undermining the expansion of the Ocean economy Economic activity also means potential risks and challenges: Over-exploitation of natural resources, Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Fishing, Habitat degradation, Rising sea levels, Marine pollution, Ocean acidification, Unfair trade, Insufficient data, Lack of finance and governance, Lack of capacity and knowledge of the resource base

23 PROFISH: Justification and Approach PROFISH analysis over the last several years has led many governments to better understand the challenges and opportunities of restructuring the fisheries sector and restoring fisheries resources. As a result, governments are increasingly approaching the WBG to help finance the transition to environmentally and economically sustainable fisheries and expand aquaculture in a sustainable way. To create an enabling environment for this, the WBG is already helping governments to invest in science, empowering fishing communities with secure tenure and business skills, reform and enforce fishing policies, and help the private sector secure investment capital and access the best markets.

24 PROFISH ACTIVITIES Through inputs of technical advice, convening services and strategic analysis, PROFISH has over the years leveraged over $800 million in WBG, Global Environment Facility (GEF) and private sector finance on total expenditures of $4.6 million Supporting fisheries reform and/or sustainable aquaculture investments for Armenia, Kazakhstan, Ghana, Cabo Verde, Indonesia, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Guinea, Comoros, Morocco, Tanzania, Vietnam, Federated States of Micronesia, Mauritania, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. As of the end of 2016, new investments were being designed for Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Zambia, the Maldives, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Peru

25 WHAT WE ARE THINKING ABOUT Fragility, Conflict and Violence and NRM

26 Thank you! 26