GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA

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1 GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA 2018 SORGHUM SYMPOSIUM Cody Creech Dryland Cropping Systems Specialist Panhandle Research and Extension Center

2 OUTLINE Historical information How does it fit into a rotation Weed control Fertility Trial results

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6 COUNTY PRODUCTION Keith County 1980 Harvested 600 acres - Irrigated 73 bu/a; Dryland 28 bu/a 1990 Harvested 400 acres - Irrigated 83 bu/a; Dryland 40 bu/a 2000 Harvested 200 acres - 45 bu/a Chase County 2010 Harvested 1,100 acres bu/a

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10 DIFFICULTY OF SUSTAINABILITY

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16 SORGHUM WEED CONTROL Dr. Phillip Stahlman, K-State University Sorghum does not compete well with most weeds in the early stages of crop growth, especially under cool or adverse conditions. Yield losses from weed interference typically range from 30-50%; crop failure if severe

17 HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS IN NEBRASKA Updated January 2017 UNL Weed Science Common waterhemp: 2, 4, 5, 9, 27 * Palmer amaranth: 2, 5, 9, 27 Kochia: 2, 4, 5, 9 Horseweed/marestail: 2, 9 Giant ragweed: 9 Common ragweed: 9 Shattercane: 2 Johnsongrass: 2 Redroot pigweed: 5 *WSSA Site of Action Classification

18 MANAGING HERBICIDE RESISTANCE What research says about herbicide mixtures: Beckie & Rebound (2009) Mixtures were as effective as not using the herbicide at all Evans et al. (2016) Herbicide mixing was strongly linked with reduced resistance 2.5 MOA per application 83 times less likely to select resistant weeds

19 Werle, Sandell et al. (2014)

20 SORGHUM WEED CONTROL Kochia Marestail Waterhemp Palmer amaranth Grasses Marestail

21 Herbicide Program for Grain Sorghum

22 MOST COMMON HERBICIDES IN SORGHUM Dr. Phillip Stahlman, K-State University Atrazine is the foundation herbicide for broadleaf weed control. Atrazine can be applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence (don t exceed 2.5 lb ai/a per year). Usually mixed with a chloracetamide herbicide (group 15: alachlor, dimethenamid, s-metolachlor, or metolachlor) for preemergence grass control. Herbicide-safened sorghum seed (Concep III) is needed with use of chloracetamide herbicides.

23 HERBICIDE OPTIONS BURNDOWN/PREPLANT Herbicides Application Cost/acre: Aim + 2,4-D + Glyphosate w/wo Atrazine days before planting $10 $20 Atrazine* 0-45 days before planting $10 Bicep II Magnum/Cinch ATZ* 0-30 days before planting** $22 $26 Degree Extra/Fultime NXT After planting, before emerg.** $32 $44 Glyphosate*** Before crop emergence $5 Gramoxone Before crop emergence $11 $16 Lexar EZ* 7 21 days before planting $43 Lumax EZ* 7 14 days before planting $44 *Do not use on sandy soil **Must use seed treated with safener ***Recommended to add an additional tank mix partner and/or residual

24 UNL RECOMMENDATION WHEN USING 2,4-D OR DICAMBA BEFORE PLANTING: 2,4-D (both ester and amine) 16 fl oz apply no fewer than 10 days before planting >16 fl oz apply no fewer than 21 days before planting Dicamba 4 fl oz apply no fewer than 7 days before planting 8 fl oz apply no fewer than 10 days before planting

25 HERBICIDE OPTIONS PREEMERGENCE Herbicides Application Cost/acre: Atrazine* EPP, PPSA, PP, PRE $5 $10 Bicep II Magnum/Cinch ATZ* EPP, PPSA, PRE** $22 $26 Degree Extra/Fultime NXT PPI, PRE** $32 $44 Dual II Magnum/Cinch* EPP, PPSA, PRE $17 $20 Lexar EZ* 7 21 DBP** $43 Lumax EZ* 7 14 DBP, EPP, PPSA, PPI, PRE** $44 Outlook 0 30 DBP** $7 $14 Sharpen Preplant or PRE $6 $12 Verdict Preplant or PRE $20 $36 Warrant Preplant, PRE, or POST $13 - $30 *Do not use on sandy soil **Must use seed treated with safener

26 HERBICIDE OPTIONS POSTEMERGENCE Herbicides Application/Notes Cost/acre: 2,4-D 5 to early boot $1 $2 Aim EC (may mix with atrazine* or Dicamba) Good coverage required $3 (Aim only) Atrazine* (may mix with dicamba) Partial control of grass >1 tall $5 $10 (Atrazine only) Buctril (may mix with atrazine* or dicamba) 3 leaf 12 tall sorghum $6 (Buctril only) Dicamba 3 5 leaf $5 Huskie (may mix with atrazine*) 3 leaf 18 tall sorghum $13 $15 (Huskie only) Paramount (may mix with atrazine*) Emergence to 12 sorghum $20 $31 (Paramount only) Peak (may mix with dicamba) 5 30 sorghum $4 $17 (Peak only) Permit (many tank mix partners) 2 leaf to layby (prior to heading) $15 $23 Starane Ultra 3 leaf to boot (use drops at 8 leaf) $15 Yukon 2 leaf to 15 $13 $19 *Do not use on sandy soil

27 NITROGEN RECOMMENDATIONS South Dakota N = Yield Goal x 1.1 soil test N (0-2ft) legume credits* + 30 lbs N/a for no-till Kansas N = (YG x 1.6)- (SOM x 20)- PCA- Manure - Tillage - Profile N

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29 NITROGEN PLACEMENT IN NO-TILL

30 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 1) Start clean and use a good PRE herbicide 2) Use a short season hybrid 3) Plant as early as possible 4) Provide adequate fertility 5) Scout often

31 RECENT RESULTS FROM SIDNEY

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33 DRYLAND FORAGE SORGHUM Variety Height IN. Tons/A Dry Matter Crude Protein% ADF % Dry Basis NDF% Dry Basis RFV TDN % Dry Basis 1st Choice BMR Honey Graze V Silo Mor II BMR NK SP SP SP NUTRI-CANE II SWEETLEAF II GW 400 BMR GW Sweet Forever BMR Nutri King BMR Super Sugar DM AF AF AS AS ADV Corn Silage Control

34 IRRIGATED FORAGE SORGHUM Variety Height IN. Tons/A Dry Matter Crude Protein % ADF % Dry Basis NDF % Dry Basis RFV TDN % Dry Basis BlackHawk Nighthawk Pelican BD SeaHawk NK SP SP SP NUTRI-CANEII SWEETLEAF II X X X X X X GW 600 BMR Silo Pro BD BMR GW 400 BMR GW 475 BMR GW Sweet Forever BMR Nutri King BMR Super Sugar DM Corn Silage Control

35 THANK Y0U! FOLLOW ON QUESTIONS?