Supplemental Figures Normal SNL (L4)

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1 Supplemental Figures Normal Gly PKγ PKγ T SNL (L5) Gly PKγ PKγ T SNL (L4) Gly PKγ PKγ T Figure S1. The relative positions of the recorded neuronal pairs in L4 and L5 slices., audal;, dorsal;, rostral;, ventral. Gly: glycinergic cell; PKγ: PKγ positive cell; T: transient central cell.

2 ed (Biocytin) ed (Biocytin) PKγ cell Gly cell Green (PKγ) Green (PKγ) IPSP PKγ 2.5 m Gly 50 m Figure S2. An example of monosynaptic inhibitory connection between Gly and PKγ+ neurons sampled from naïve rats. (A) 30 μm thick optical stack image of morphology and location of the recorded neuronal pair. Arrows indicate the presynaptic PKγ+ cell, arrowhead indicates putative axon. (B) 1 μm thick optical stacks of the recorded PKγ+ cell. Scale bar, 100 μm. () Bottom trace recorded from the presynaptic Gly neuron shows action potentials (s) initiated by three successive depolarizing pulses. Top trace recorded from the postsynaptic PKγ+ neuron shows evoked unitary IPSPs which display short-term potentiation.

3 ed (Biocytin) ed (Biocytin) T cell PKγ cell Green (PKγ) Green (PKγ) 1 m EPSP T PKγ 50 m Figure S3. An example of a monosynaptic excitatory connection between PKγ+ and transient central (T) neurons sampled from naïve rats. (A) 30 μm thick optical stack image of morphology and location of the recorded neuronal pair. Arrows indicate the presynaptic PKγ+ positive cell, arrowhead indicates putative axon. (B) 1 μm thick optical stacks of the recorded PKγ+ cell. Scale bar, 100 μm. () Bottom trace recorded from the presynaptic PKγ+ neuron shows s initiated by three successive depolarizing pulses. Top trace recorded from the postsynaptic T neuron shows evoked unitary EPSPs which display short-term depression.

4 PKγ cell ed (Biocytin) ed (Biocytin) Green (PKγ) Green (PKγ) Gly cell IPSP PKγ 2.5 m Gly 50 m Figure S4. An example of a monosynaptic inhibitory connection between Gly and PKγ+ neurons sampled from SNL rats. (A) 30 μm thick optical stack image of morphology and location of the recorded neuronal pair. Arrows indicate the presynaptic PKγ+ positive cell. (B) 1 μm thick optical stacks of the recorded PKγ+ cell. Scale bar, 100 μm. () Bottom trace recorded from the presynaptic Gly neuron shows s initiated by three successive depolarizing pulses. Top trace recorded from the postsynaptic PKγ+ neuron shows evoked unitary IPSPs which display short-term depression.

5 ed (Biocytin) ed (Biocytin) T cell PKγ cell Green (PKγ) Green (PKγ) 1 m EPSP T PKγ 50 m Figure S5. An example of a monosynaptic excitatory connection between PKγ+ and transient central (T) neurons sampled from SNL rats. (A) 30 μm thick optical stack image of morphology and location of the recorded neuronal pair. Arrows indicate the presynaptic PKγ+ positive cell, arrowhead indicates putative axon. (B) 1 μm thick optical stacks of the recorded PKγ+ cell. Scale bar, 100 μm. () Bottom trace recorded from the presynaptic PKγ+ neuron shows s initiated by three successive depolarizing pulses. Top trace recorded from the postsynaptic T neuron shows evoked unitary EPSPs displaying short-term potentiation.

6 A Extracellular recording Suction electrode L5 orsal oot B ompound s stimuli ( ) 12 Aβ ( ) Aδ ( ) Time (ms) ompound s 0-1 stimuli ( ) Aβ Aδ (1.3 ) (2-10 ) Time (ms) Figure S6. orsal root compound recordings to determine the response thresholds for the activation of Aβ, Aδ and fibers. (A) Schematic of the experimental setup for recording compound s from the L5 dorsal root () under our recording conditions. A suction electrode was placed at one end to stimulate dorsal root and another at the opposite end to record extracellular compound s. (B-) epresentative compound s recorded from the at different stimulus intensities. The stimulus intensities for activation of Aβ, Aδ and fibers were determined at the range of , and 2-10, respectively.

7 Supplementary Table 1. omparison of electrophysiological features between naïve and SNL rats Normal (L5) SNL (L4) SNL (L5) ell type Gly PKγ T Gly PKγ T Gly PKγ T MPs (-m) 50.7± ±2.7 (34) 61.3± ± ±2.7 (12) 60.5± ±2.7 (9) 60.5± ±4.4 (7) pattern tonic transient transient tonic transient transient tonic transient transient frequency (Hz) 8.5± ±5.3* (34) 4.2± ± ±5.2* (12) 4.6± ±3.7 (9) 21.6±6.7* 5.1±3.1 (7) Gly: glycinergic cell; PKγ: PKγ positive cell; T: transient central cell; MPs: resting membrane potentials; pattern: action potential discharge patterns to prolonged (1000 ms) depolarizing pulses; frequency: action potential discharge frequency to prolonged (1000 ms) depolarizing pulses; Tonic pattern: at moderately superthreshold depolarizations, Gly cells uniformly discharged tonically (repetitively at relatively regular intervals); Transient pattern: T and PKγ neurons were equally consistent in exhibiting a burst of impulses followed by silence during maintained depolarization, but the latter with higher frequency (*P < 0.01, compared with T cells). esults were reported as mean ± SEM (n). 1

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