BIOMIMETIC MATERIAL DESIGN

Transcription

1 BIOMIMETIC MATERIAL DESIGN Nonappa, PhD Department of Applied Physics Aalto University School of Science Research Fellow Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems School of Chemical Engineering Design Factory,

2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3 CONTENTS Introduction to Biomimetics Historical Perspectives Nature Inspired Materials Design Principles INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES After this class student should be able to: define what is biomimetics describe biomimetic design principle identify new inspiration for design understand the difference between biomimicry, bionics and biomimetics

4 HISTORY

5 GOOD TO KNOW Bionics Jack Steele in as early as 1960s =>(Biology + Technics) =>an engineer and psychiatrist of the Air Force s Aerospace Medical Division with emphasis on neuroanatomy Bionics => Cyborg book by Martin Caidin => The Six Million Dollar Man, the TV series Biomimetics Otto H. Schmitt coined the term biomimetics in 1969 => bios (life) and mimesis (imitate) => a biomedical engineer who in the early stages of his career concentrated on producing a device that explicitly mimicked the electrical action of a nerve. Janine Benyus in 1970s Biomimicry a natural sciences writer with a degree in natural resource management and English literature/writing from Rutgers University.

6 Hugh Herr: Bionic Legs Michael Pawlyn: Biomimetic Innovation Janine Benyus: Biomimicry

7 BIOINSPIRATION Source: Nature (information, science and materials) The imitation of the models, systems and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems

8 BIOINIC CAR BOX FISH INSPIRED BIONIC CAR

9 MATERIALS IN NATURE Nature: Materials with extraordinary mechanical properties Strong, tough, lightweight and stiff Precision, economy and efficiency Strength: resistance of a material to failure Toughness: ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing Stiffness: rigidity of an object-extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force

10 SPIDERMAN Source:

11 SPIDER SILK One of nature s strongest materials Five times stronger than steel, by weight Stretch up to five times their length before breaking 0.45 kg of strand is long enough to encircle Earth

12 SPIDER SILK A pencil thick spider's silk thread is capable of stopping a Boeing-747 in full flight Prof. Shigeyoshi Osaki demonstrates the strength of spider silk by swinging in a hammock supported by threads he harvested.

13 SPIDER SILK If spider silk is a wonder material, why don t we produce it in large scale? How to do that? Domestication of spiders? They fight and eat each other Alternatives Genetic engineering (expensive) Synthetic materials with similar design concepts

14 SILK MIMETICS Keten et al., Nature Materials, 9, (2010) Soft Matter, 2015,11,

15 SACRIFICIAL BONDING

16 GLOW WORMS

17 STICKY FEET: ANTS

18 GECKOS

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20 PINE CONE Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (2009) 367,

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22 NACRE

23 NACRE Stiffness, low weight and strength 95 wt% aragonite (a crystallographic form of calcium carbonate) and 5 wt% organic materials (proteins and polysaccharides). RSC Adv., 2012,2,

24 NACRE MIMETICS Nano Lett., 2010, 10 (8), pp

25 Nano Lett., 2010, 10 (8), pp

26 SELF CLEANING

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29 STRUCTURAL COLORS Photonic Crystals

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31 Why is Color Changing Fabric Important?

32 DEEP SEA SPONGE

33 When man resolved to imitate walking, he invented the wheel, which does not look like a leg. In doing this, he was practicing surrealism without knowing it.. -Guillaume Apollinaire

34 Suzanne Lee: Grow your own clothes