Viscosizer & Archimedes, two new technologies from Malvern Instruments to characterize biomolecules and polymer particles

Transcription

1 Madrid Biosciences seminar. Viscosizer & Archimedes, two new technologies from Malvern Instruments to characterize biomolecules and polymer particles Stéphane Rouquette Biosciences Sales Manager, Europe

2 ViscoSizer 200 Stéphane Rouquette Malvern Instruments

3 Viscosizer 200 System Overview The Viscosizer 200 utilizes UV area imaging to monitor the time dependent absorbance profile of UV active samples, e.g. proteins, peptides, DNA, & other chromophore containing biopolymers, as they migrate though a microcapillary. UV source Detector Head Carousel Autosampler

4 Viscosizer 200 Automated Viscosity, Sizing & concentration. Designed for small molecules and proteins from 0.mg/mL to > 300mg/mL Control Box Detector Head Carousel Autosampler across a size range of 0.2nm to 100nm Provides viscosity, size, and concentration data Detection by mass weighted UV absorbance Works with surfactants and turbid media No sample preparation or change of buffer conditions Autosampler carousel for 16 samples

5 Viscosizer 200 What s Unique? UV Imaging Array Capillary Focusing 9 mm 7 mm Dual Pass Capillary Capillary Zone 1 Reference Capillary Zone 2

6 Viscosizer 200 Measurement Results UV absorbance is proportional to sample concentration. So for a small plug injection, the raw data for a Viscosizer measurement is the time dependent concentration profile. Abs C

7 Dual Pass Capillary Provides time dependence of concentration profile, as well as unambiguous measurement of Dt.

8 Benefits Of Dual Window Detection Window 1 & 2 times are correlated, facilitating a high precision measurement of Dt, the time between the two windows. This leads to significant improvements in viscosity measurements in comparison to single window measurements, where variability in the injection time can be substantial.

9 Size

10 Viscosizer Sizing Method Uses UV imaging detector: 214nm or 280nm for proteins. Injected sample is detected at two windows along the capillary. The change from window 1 to window 2 is used to calculate the hydrodynamic radius of the sample Fluid In UV Detector

11 Taylor Dispersion Analysis (Taylor, 1953) As a sample plug travels along a capillary, the peak broadens along the direction of flow. Broadening is countered by transverse diffusion. The smaller the molecule, the more transverse diffusion and the less broadening of the peak. The size can be calculated from the standard deviation of the concentration profile. Time Dependent Broadening R 4k T h 2 t 2 2 B 2 1 t phr t t 2 1

12 Larger the size the Larger the Dispersion

13 Sizing Taylor Dispersion Analysis As a sample migrates through the capillary, diffusion leads to a broadening of the sample plug. The dual capillary design of the Viscosizer 200 facilitates measurement of the time dependent concentration profile. Taylor Dispersion Analysis yields the mass weighted mean size, where t is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution and k B, T, h, & r are the Boltzmann constant, temperature, viscosity, and capillary ID respectively. R 4k T h 2 t 2 2 B 2 1 t phr t t 2 1

14 Viscosizer 200 Sizing Myoglobin At 1 mg/ml Overlay Of 9 Data Traces Hydrodynamic Radius (nm) < 1% SD

15 Viscosizer 200 Sizing Small Molecules As long as a chromophore is present, small molecules are not a problem. Sample Hydrodynamic Radius (nm) Caffeine 0.32 BSA 3.76 Myoglobin 2.02 IgG OmpF + coln 8.30 Maltose Binding Protein 3.24 Quantum Dot 2.56

16 Furosemide (Small Molecule) 10 Repeat Runs Furosemide = Daltons

17 Calmodulin Without Calcium Presence of Calcium 1.7 r.nm 3.4 r.nm

18

19 Viscosity

20 Biotherapeutic Viscosity Market Requirements Application Challenge Need to be able to measure the formulation viscosity early in the development phase, in order to avoid Commercial Target Profile (CTP) failures during the late development phase. Early Development Screening Requirements Low sample volume High concentration Recoverable sample Formulation conditions Automation

21 Viscosizer 200 Viscosity Dual capillary design provides a high precision measurement of Dt, facilitating specific viscosity measurements. Measure Dt m for low molecular weight marker, e.g. caffeine & Dt s for sample, then calculate h sp.

22 Viscosity Concentration Dependence BSA In PBS At 25ºC Sample Volume < 80 ml Experiment Time < 5 hrs Fully Automated

23 Capillary vs. Rotational Flow Curves For samples known to exhibit shear thinning, polysaccharides for example, capillary and rotational results show good agreement. Succinoglycan (0.1 w%)

24 Concentration

25 Concentration Good agreement with standard method of concentration determination with no dilution required

26 Specification and Application Overview Technology Strengths Very low sample volume requirements <10 µl / 50 µl viscosity excess recoverable <10 nl / 20 µl sizing excess recoverable Wide working concentration range Broad range of sample/solvent compatability Molecular selectivity via wavelength selection Viscosity range: 0.9 cp 120 cp Size range: 0.2nm 100nm R H Full automation high throughput (45 vial positions) Key Applications Pharmaceutical (largely biopharma) formulation preformulation or supporting functions High-throughput viscosity measurements on very low sample volumes Measurement of size within complex matrices

27 Introduction to Archimedes Particle Metrology System

28 AUC DLS* SEC/GPC Laser Diffraction* Microscope Visible LO FDA identified potential immunogenicity concerns surrounding protein aggregates 0.2µm 5 µm Orthogonal techniques required to support/expand on existing methods nm µm mm cm (10 7 nm) *Qualitative

29 ARCHIMEDES Preview Measures physical properties of individual particles in fluid 50 nm - 5 µm Mass, Size, Density Also measures sample content: # particles/ml, particle mass/ml High resolution, precision, and accuracy Fast, NIST-traceable calibration Intuitive ParticleLab software Key applications: Protein formulations Nanoparticles Living cells, bacteria Pigments Particle density

30 Technology: Resonant Mass Measurement Microchannel Resonator MEMS Sensor Microfluidic channel embedded inside resonant structure Particle passing through the resonator changes the mass and shifts the resonant frequency bypass channel Excursion in resonant frequency gives an accurate and precise measure of particle s buoyant mass resonator

31 Measuring Particle Mass in Fluid Embed a microfluidic channel *inside* the resonant structure A particle passing through the channel changes the mass and shifts the resonant frequency The excursion in resonant frequency gives a precise measure of particle mass

32 Measuring Particle Mass in Fluid Frequency Shift (mhz) Time (msec) 200

33 ARCHIMEDES Instrumentation Optics Signal Processing pressure source sample Pneumatics Fluidics waste Sensor Frequency Measurement and Feedback PC Frequency Resolution: 25 parts per 1 khz Mass Limit of Detection: < 1 femtogram = g

34 Particle Properties and Statistics A clear connection between the raw signal and useful data M B =Df*S M = M B /(1- r f/ r p ) D = (6M/ (pr p )) 1/3

35 Limits of detection Material Density Buffer density Ratio Limite of detection Gold nano particles % about 50 nm Nano bubbles % about 150 nm Protein aggregates % about 250 nm Silicon oil % about 500 nm

36 ARCHIMEDES for Protein Formulations

37 ARCHIMEDES Addresses a Key Size Range Subvisible and submicron aggregates Extends size range below flow microscopy Growing regulatory interest* #/ml SEC ARCHIMEDES Flow Microscopy 10 nm 100 nm 1 µm 10 µm Aggregate Size * One of the highest risks for induction of neutralizing antibody appears to be associated with highly repetitive arrays of native protein those that potentially include subvisible particulates (SVP) between 0.1 to 10 microns in therapeutic protein products. Dr. Barry Cherney, former US FDA Deputy Director Division of Therapeutic Proteins

38 ARCHIMEDES Analysis of Human IgG Concentration vs. Diameter Mass Content vs. Diameter

39 Silicone Oil in Protein Formulations Syringes and other containers commonly introduce oil droplets into therapeutic protein formulations Current testing methods employed by most manufacturers... have difficulty distinguishing protein from other particles * Hence, the presence of oil droplets can compromise measurements of the quantity of protein aggregates Quantifying oil content may be useful in its own right, e.g., for examining effects of stabilizers such as polysorbates, and analyzing the subset of proteins that are sensitive to the presence of oil * Dr. Barry Cherney, former US FDA Deputy Director Division of Therapeutic Proteins

40 ARCHIMEDES distinguishes silicone oil from protein by buoyancy Oil Protein Aggregates

41 Comparison of IFN-Beta Products for Multiple Sclerosis with Jim Barnard and John Carpenter, U. Colorado Fractions of patients developing neutralizing antibodies (clinical trials) Protein Aggregate Content via ARCHIMEDES std dev 3 runs % From J.G. Barnard, K. Babcock, and J.F. Carpenter, Analytical characterization of interferon-β products and the potential link between protein aggregate content and immunogenicity, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

42 ARCHIMEDES Analysis of Aggregates vs. Oil in IFN-Beta Products Protein Oil Compare Nanotracking Analysis NTA, Total counts

43 Development of Aggregates in Stressed Protein Formulations Stirred IgG, 10 mg/ml, filtered 100 nm Sample drawn intermittently, measured continuously

44 ARCHIMEDES Advantages for Proteins Addresses a key size range Distinguishes protein aggregates from oil Quantitative measures of mass, size, content (µg/ml) Excellent repeatability, reproducibility No sample preparation needed: No dilution No electrolyte/salt No filtering (rare cases only) Sip directly from vial or syringe Minimal sample consumption: 100 µl Accepts viscosities up to 100 cp No optical artifacts (no shape information) Fast and thorough cleaning, no cross-contamination

45 ARCHIMEDES for other Bio applications

46 Superior Particle Metrology 1% precision and accuracy Mixture of NIST-traceable standards Ultra-high resolution Easily distinguishes particles < 2% different in size

47 Bacteria and Cell Growth Sample culture every 5 minutes to create a population bacteriogram Each point represents a single bacterium Reveals changes in mass and concentration, and response to environment Ampicillin added Mass Time Gives unprecedented mass resolution and characterization of physiological states Under development at Affinity Biosensors for rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests Analogous measurements at MIT monitor mammalian cell growth with ultra-high resolution

48 Particles density determination (Protein, bacterias, latex beads ) 1,60E+06 Part / ml 1,40E+06 1,20E+06 1,00E+06 8,00E+05 6,00E+05 4,00E+05 2,00E+05 0,00E+00 0,9 0,95 1 1,05 1,1 1,15 1,2 1,25 1,3 1,35

49 Nanoparticles: 57 nm nm Au with Dr. Victoria Coleman, National Measurement Institute, Australia Victoria Australian NMI June 2010 NIST Ref Material 8013: 56.5 nm ARCHIMEDES: 57.0 nm ± 0.25 nm

50 Thank You!