REPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 2011
|
|
- Owen Waters
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 REPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 211 Project Title: Ascospore Trpping of Sclerotini sclerotiorum in Snp Ben Fields nd Root Rot Mngement Principl Investigtor: Cynthi M. Ocmb, Ext. Specilist & Associte Professor Botny nd Plnt Pthology, OSU - Corvllis Telephone: (541) ocmbc@science.oregonstte.edu Coopertors: Nthn Miller, Postdoctorl Reserch Assistnt, BPP, OSU Dvid H. Gent, USDA-ARS, Corvllis Robert B. McReynolds, North Willmette Reserch & Ext. Center, OSU Jim Myers, Dept. of Horticulture, OSU Bckground nd Justifiction: A polymerse chin rection (PCR) ssy specific to S. sclerotiorum hs been developed by Gent et l. nd ws successfully used during 28 nd 29 to detect scospores of S. sclerotiorum on glss rods (Rotorod spore trp) in experimentl ben plntings locted on the OSU-BPP frm. Knowing whether spores re present or bsent during the growing seson llows for the development of predictive model for scospore production nd relese s well s periods of high infection risk. Successful prediction of periods with high or low infection risks would enble better timing of protective fungicides. If the bsence of the scospores could be predicted within snp ben field, then 1-spry fungicide progrm could be utilized with greter confidence nd lower risk of ctstrophic losses. Root rot cused by Fusrium solni nd severl other soilborne pthogens cn reduce ben yields when conditions re fvorble for disese, especilly when bens re rotted too frequently in the sme ground. Amending soil nd/or seed with biocontrol microbes my help reduce yield losses cused by root rot. Ben cultivrs with the persistent color (pc) genes hve mny desirble trits for processing but cn hve difficulty with stnd estblishment. Beneficil microorgnisms my help protect seedlings nd improve stnd estblishment of these sty-green lines. Just prior to 2, few fungicides were registered for white mold control in snp ben: Roniln, Benlte, Topsin, Rovrl s well s the ineffective Botrn. Since tht time, Benlte nd Roniln use in ben hs been withdrwn by the EPA while Endur (bosclid), Switch 62.5WG (fludioxonil plus cyprodinil), nd Omeg 5F (fluzinm) hve been registered for white mold control in snp ben. Tnk mixtures of thiophntemethyl (Topsin M 7WP, Topsin 4.5FL, nd T-Methyl 4.5F AG) nd iprodione (Rovrl 4F, Nevdo 4F) controls mold problems in snp ben. Spry trils tht we conducted during 24 through 27 evluted vrious rtes of Topsin/Rovrl tnk mixes s 1- or 2-spry progrm in ddition to exmining unregistered s well s mterils subsequently registered for ben mold control. It hs been severl yers since the commission hs supported ben mold spry trils nd during tht time we conducted limited studies with privte compny support. With the support of the Oregon Processing Vegetble commission, we conducted tril for comprison of fungicides currently registered for white mold of snp ben when used lone in 1- nd 2-spry progrm, llowing comprison of product efficcy.
2 Objectives for 211 nd Accomplishments: 1. Evlute scospore detection of S. sclerotiorum using multiple Rotorod spore trps nd monitor environmentl conditions within snp ben fields for model development of scospore bsence events. Ascospores of the white mold pthogen were detected in 35 out 98 smples so there were number of dtes when no spores were detected. The first ben plnting hd very little disese by commercil hrvest wheres the second field hd firly high disese pressure but still no scospores were detected. Replicte smples will be processed during the winter to conform or correct scospore detection dtes. The snp ben cultivr 91G ws plnted in Chehlis silt lom soil t the OSU Botny Field Lbortory, Corvllis, OR. Field #1 ws plnted on June 16 th nd Field #2 ws plnted on Jul 29 th using 18-in. row spcing nd pproximtely 26, seeds/a. Fertilizer (4 lb/a of ) ws bnded t plnting followed by 1 lb/a of bnded t the second to third trifoliolte lef stge. For weed control, Eptm 7E (4.5 pt/a) nd Trefln 4L (2 pt/a) were brodcst nd incorported 4 dys before plnting; Rptor (4 oz/a) + Bsgrn (16 oz/a) were pplied t the second trifolite stge. The field ws sprinkler-irrigted weekly s needed with 1 to 1.5 in. of wter. Rotorod spore trps were moved mong fields in order to monitor scospores presence prior to 1% bloom through the following 3 weeks in ech field. Rods were replced every 48 hours, nd subsequently tested for the presence of scospores using polymerse chin rection (PCR) specific for Sclerotini. Up to four Rotorod spore trps were in the fields t one time but usully there were fewer, due to trps being moved between fields s well s the mechnicl filure of trps. Environmentl dt ws collected from HOBO U3 Dt logger (Onset, Cpe Cod Mss). Air temperture, reltive humidity nd lef wetness were monitored within the cnopy. Soil temperture ws monitored t 1 nd 3 inch depths, nd soil moisture ws monitored t the 3 inch depth. This equipment ws moved between fields to obtin dt during crucil white mold development times. Ascospores were detected in 35 out 98 Rotorod smples. Unlike in previous sesons, the positive results don t pper to be concentrted during the flowering period. In the first plnting, there were seven dys during the flowering period with no scospores detected (Fig.1) nd this plnting ended up with very little disese t hrvest s one of the rre 211 het spells occurred during flowering in the first plnting nd overll tempertures were wrmer during flowering in this plnting. In the second plnting, there were two dys without scospore detection during flowering (Fig. 2). After the 2nd plnting ws hrvested, none of the Rotorod smples tested positive. In previous sesons most lte seson smples were positive. It is uncler why this seson s detection results ppered inconsistent with the pttern seen in previous sesons. The bckup rotorod smples will be processed to confirm findings.
3 .4 Soil Moisture (m 3 /m 3 ) Lef Wetness (%) Reltive Humidity (%) Temperture (F) Air 1" Soil 3" Soil 1% bloom Hrvest 7/6/11 7/13/11 7/2/11 7/27/11 8/3/11 8/1/11 8/17/11 8/24/11 Dte Figure 1. Environmentl dt nd Sclerotini sclerotiorum detection dt in the 1st snp ben plnting. Drker circles with plus indicte positive PCR detection of S. sclerotiorum nd lighter circles indicte negtive test result in the PCR test.
4 .4 Soil Moisture (m 3 /m 3 ) Lef Wetness (%) Reltive Humidity (%) Temperture (F) % bloom Hrvest Air 1" Soil 3" Soil 8/31/11 9/7/11 9/14/11 9/21/11 9/28/11 1/5/11 1/12/11 Dte Figure 2. Environmentl dt nd Sclerotini sclerotiorum detection in the 2 nd snp ben plnting. Drker circles with plus indicte positive PCR detection of S. sclerotiorum nd lighter circles indicte negtive test result in the PCR test.
5 Objective 2 for 211 nd Accomplishments: Evlute biofungicide effects on snp ben stnd estblishment, root rot severity, nd subsequent pod yields. Biocontrol pplictions ppered to suppress growth of snp ben cultivr, Sprtcus. Nontreted plnts hd the highest numericl yield, followed by Qudris Flowble ppliction. Shoot weight ws gretest in Qudris followed by the nontreted plnts. On the edge of Field #1 nd Field #2 outlined in Objective 1, three plntings were mde using rndomized block strip design. Field study 1 nd 2 were plnted on July 29 th nd Aug 23 rd, respectively, with seed of Sprtcus ( sty-green vriety) tht hd been treted with UV-C light for 1 hr. Sprtcus plots were treted with soil drench t plnting with mterils listed in Tble 1, or plots were left untreted. A tnk mix of Rovrl 4F (2 pints/a) nd Topsin 4.5FL (3 fl oz/a) ws pplied to plots t 1% bloom for white nd gry mold control. Root weight, root volume, nd pod yield were determined t pproximtely 21 dys fter 1 % bloom commenced. Ten plnts were dug by hnd from ech plot nd soil ws gently removed by hnd. Plnts were bgged up, returned to the lb, nd refrigerted until weighed. Ech shoot ws shered from its respective root system t the soil line nd ll pods were hrvested by hnd for rw weight determintion. Tble 1. Mterils evluted for Fusrium root rot control on snp ben during 211 Tretment # Mteril ctive ingredient Rte 1 RootShield WP Trichoderm hrzinum(krl-ag2) 32 oz/a 2 MicroAF experimentl microbil mix 12.8 fl oz/a 3 Serende Soil Bcillus subtilis (QST 713 strin) 2.2 fl oz/1 ft 4 Serende Soil 4.4 fl oz/1 ft 5 Qudris Flowble zoxystrobin: Rhizoctoni root rot of.6 fl oz/1 ft Streptomycetes lydicus (WYEC 18) 6 Actino-Iron plus iron 15 lb/a 7 nontreted The Sprtcus stnd ws uneven in Field study #2 nd this plnting ws plnted too lte for full pod mturity by 21 dys fter 1% bloom. A floting row cover ws used to protect plnts from killing frost bout 12 dys before hrvest in this lst plnting. So the dt re presented seprtely by field. Plnts in both fields hd severe root decy, probbly becuse of nightly 3-minute irrigtion events pplied fter 1% bloom to ensure white mold pressure for Objectives 1 & 3. But root development differed mong the tretments in both studies nd is reflected in root weights. Generlly there ws no improvement in root weights with ny biocontrol pplictions (see Figure 3), reflecting greter degree of vribility in root nd shoot weights thn the smpling ccounted for this yer. In field study 1, it ppers tht the biocontrol pplictions reduced ben yields in terms of both pods nd vegettive shoot growth. Qudris Flowble ppliction to soil, lbeled for Rhizoctoni control in snp ben, ws ssocited with incresed pod yield nd shoot weights compred to most of the biocontrol tretments, but Qudris ws not significntly different from the nontreted control plnts.
6 Rw shoot weight (grms) Rw pod weights (grms) Pod yield per plnt -- Study 1 b bc cd cd d d Averge shoot weight -- Study 1 c bc c c c b Rw shoot weight (grms) Rw pod weights (grms) Pod yield per plnt -- Study 2 b b b b b b Averge shoot weight -- Study 2 b b b b b b Rw root weight (grms) 5 Averge root weight -- Study 1 b bc 4 bcd d cd bcd Rw root weight (grms) Averge root weight -- Study 2 b b b b b b RootShield WP (32 oz/a) MicroAF soil (12.8 fl oz/a) Serende Soil (2.2 fl oz/1 ft) Serende Soil (4.4 fl oz/1 ft) Qudris (.6 fl oz/1 ft) Actino-Iron (.6 fl oz/1 ft) nontreted RootShield WP (32 oz/a) MicroAF soil (12.8 fl oz/a) Serende Soil (2.2 fl oz/1 ft) Serende Soil (4.4 fl oz/1 ft) Qudris (.6 fl oz/1 ft) Actino-Iron (.6 fl oz/1 ft) nontreted Figure 3. Effect of biocontrol pplictions on root, shoot, nd pod weights of the snp ben cultivr, Sprtcus. Within ech grph, brs lbeled with the sme letters re not significntly different (P=.5) s determined by Fisher s LSD test.
7 Objective 3 for 211 nd Accomplishments: Compre the efficcy of fungicides registered for white mold in snp ben. Four-row plots (5 by 15 ft), rrnged in rndomized complete block design with three to four replictions, were estblished within ech of the two 91G ben fields outlined in Objective 1. Tretments with currently-registered fungicides s 2-spry progrm were pplied t 1% bloom nd repeted week lter while the single-ppliction tretments were pplied t 1% bloom. Sprys were pplied with CO 2 bckpck spryer clibrted to deliver 22 gl of wter/a t 38-4 psi using three 82 flt fn nozzles on 19 in. spcings. On the 21 st dy fter the initil fungicide ppliction ws mde t 1% bloom, the plnts were hrvested. The number of pods, presence of white or gry mold on pods > 2 inches in length nd number of stems with white or gry mold were determined for 3 individul plnts selected rbitrrily from the center two rows of ech plot. Disese levels were lmost nonexistent in plnting 1 (dt not shown) wheres in plnting 2, reltively modertely high levels of white mold were found (Tble 2) but virtully no gry mold ws detected (dt not shown). White mold levels verged 6.6 mrketble pods per plnt in the nontreted control plots. The percentge of pods > 2-in. in length nd number of stems ffected by white mold ws lower in most of the fungicide tretments when compred to the nontreted plnts. However, tretment with JMS Stylet-oil lone or tnk-mixed with Kumulus fforded no improvements compred to the nontreted plots. A 2-spry progrm of Omeg ws inferior to 2-spry progrms tht included Rovrl, Topsin, Endur, nd Switch. White mold severity generlly incresed when single ppliction of ny fungicide is compred to its respective counterprt in 2-spry progrm, but mens were not significntly different. Phytotoxicity ws not observed with ny tretments. Tble 2. Tretments pplied t 1 & 1 % bloom to snp ben '91G' Fungicide Tretment (rte/cre) z Appliction number % pods with white mold y Avg. stem # with white mold y nontreted (wter JMS Stylet-Oil (1 gl) b Kumulus DF (7 lb) + JMS Stylet Oil (.5 gl) b Rovrl 4F (2 pt) + Topsin 4.5FL (3 fl oz) 2.7 de.1 fg Topsin 4.5FL (3 fl oz) 2. e.6 g Endur (8 oz) + JMS Stylet Oil (.5 gl) 2.2 de.3 g Rovrl 4F (2 pt) cde.55 de Switch 62.5WG (11 oz) cde.6 g Omeg (13.6 oz) b.66 cd Rovrl 4F (2 pt) + Topsin 4.5FL (3 fl oz) cd.52 de Topsin 4.5FL (3 fl oz) 1.8 de.17 fg Endur (8 oz) + JMS Stylet Oil (.5 gl) cde.41 def Rovrl 4F (2 pt) cde.27 efg Switch 62.5WG (11 oz) 1.9 de.32 defg Omeg (13.6 oz) bc.93 c Z 1% nd 1% bloom pplictions were mde on 12 Sep nd 19 Sep 211, respectively. y Mens re bsed on the % pods or stem number ffected per plnt. Numbers within the sme column followed by the sme letters re not significntly different t P=.5 s determined by Fisher s protected LSD test.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES ON NON-TRANSGENIC AND TRANSGENIC B.t. COTTON CULTIVARS FOR IMPACT ON TOBACCO BUDWORM, APHIDS AND SPIDER MITES
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES ON NON-TRANSGENIC AND TRANSGENIC B.t. COTTON CULTIVARS FOR IMPACT ON TOBACCO BUDWORM, APHIDS AND SPIDER MITES Texs Agriculturl Experiment Sttion, Nueces County, 2000 Roy D. Prker
More informationSoybean Fungicide and Insecticide Seed Treatments (2006 Final Report)
Soyen Fungicide nd Iecticide Seed Tretments (2006 Finl Report) Purpose: The ojective of this study ws to investigte new iecticide seed tretments for soye. Cruiser ws registered recently nd Gucho hs yet
More informationComparison of Two Different WeedGuardPlus Paper Mulches and Black Plastic Mulch on the Production of Onions and Broccoli
Comprison of Two Different WeedGurdPlus Pper Mulches nd Blck Plstic Mulch on the Production of Onions nd Broccoli Dr. Frnk Stonker, Colordo Stte University Deprtment of Horticulture nd Lndscpe Architecture,
More informationPamela Strange (SGS Australia), William Wang (OLAM), Steve Katis (OLAM), Ian Lonie (Tanuki), Stephen Phillips (Tanuki).
The effects of folir ppliction of () Verno FG Cu3+Zn3, () NORDOX 75 WG nd (3) Cupric Hydroxide, during the kernel dry weight ccumultion period for nuts nd ud differentition period for wood, in ering Nonpriel
More informationCelery. Wednesday afternoon 2:00 pm. Moderator: Amy Irish-Brown, MSU Extension Fruit & Vegetable. 2:00 p.m. New Products for Foliar Blights
Celery Wednesdy fternoon 2: pm Modertor: Amy Irish-Brown, MSU Extension Fruit & Vegetle 2: p.m. New Products for Folir Blights Ryn Bounds, Plnt Pthology Dept., MSU 2:3 p.m. Insect Mngement in Celery Beth
More informationManaging Pink Rot. Pink Rot Management. Pink Rot Trials 2/15/2012. Fungicides for Pink Rot Management. Pink Rot Phytophthora erythroseptica
2/15/212 Pink Rot Phytophthor erythroseptic Mnging Pink Rot Jeff Miller, Terry Miller, Trent Tysom, nd Scott Anderson Pink Rot Mngement 1. Field selection/crop rottion 2. Adjust soil ph y lime ppliction
More informationReport to the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Effects of Microsprinkler Irrigation Coverage on Citrus Performance
Report to the Southwest Florid Wter Mngement District Effects of Microsprinkler Irrigtion Coverge on Citrus Performnce L. R. Prsons University of Florid Institute of Food nd Agriculturl Sciences Citrus
More informationEffects of Rice Straw Management on Sclerotium oryzae Inoculum, Stem Rot Severity, and Yield of Rice in California
Reserch Effects of Rice Strw Mngement on Sclerotium oryze Inoculum, Stem Rot Severity, nd Yield of Rice in Cliforni N. A. Cints nd R. K. Webster, Deprtment of Plnt Pthology, University of Cliforni, Dvis
More informationNonlinear Mixed Effects Model for Swine Growth
Nonliner Mixed Effects Model for Swine Growth A. P. Schinckel nd B. A. Crig Deprtment of Animl Sciences nd Deprtment of Sttistics, Purdue University Introduction Severl nonliner growth functions model
More informationThree-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Machine with Rotor Resistance
Exercise 2 Three-Phse Wound-Rotor Induction Mchine with Rotor Resistnce EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will know the effects of vrying the rotor resistnce of three-phse wound-rotor
More informationThe Role of Ambrosia and Bark Beetles in Sudden Oak Death
The Role of Amrosi nd Brk Beetles in Sudden Ok Deth Brice A McPherson 1 Dvid L. Wood 1 Ndir Erilgin 1 Pvel Svihr 2 Andrew J. Storer 3 Richrd B. Stndiford 1 1 University of Cliforni Berkeley 2 University
More informationConservation Tillage Strategies For Corn, Sorghum And Cotton
(93%) cotton nd percent lint ws similr in oth pickers. The 15-inch row system with 27 plnts/a gve higher lint yield (1491 l/a) compred to 4-inch row cotton with 5 plnts/a (136 l/a). Plnt cnopy closed 3
More informationCONSERVATION VS CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE,FALL DOUBLE CROPPING
262 Southern Conservtion Systems Conference, Amrillo TX, June 26-28, 26 CONSERVATION VS CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE,FALL DOUBLE CROPPING AND COVER CROP EFFECTS ON CROP WATER USE IN SUBTROPICAL SOUTH TEXAS Bo
More informationINVESTIGATOR: Bruce Potter - University of Minnesota Extension IPM Travis Vollmer University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center
SW MN IPM RESEARCH - 2017 STUDY: 2017 AMVAC worm on Trit INVESTIGATOR: Bruce Potter - University of Minnesot Extension IPM Trvis Vollmer University of Minnesot Southwest Reserch nd Outrech Center OBJECTIVE:
More informationDetermination of Leaf Color Chart and SPAD value for Tarom variety in different N usage
Interntionl Journl of Agriculture nd Crop Sciences. Avilble online t www.ijgcs.com IJACS/2012/4-6/336-341. ISSN 2227-670X 2012 IJACS Journl Determintion of Lef Color Chrt nd vlue for Trom vriety in different
More informationThree-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Machine with a Short- Circuited Rotor
Exercise 1 Three-Phse Wound-Rotor Induction Mchine with Short- Circuited Rotor EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will know how three-phse woundrotor induction mchine cn operte
More informationIron in the Fire: How Does Bermudagrass Respond?
Iron in the Fire: How Does Bermudgrss Respond? Ojective To determine the influence of vrious Fe sources on turf response Trvis Shddox, Ph.D. Bckground Mterils nd Methods Most turf mngers use n Fe component
More information(TA-05-03) Site Description Page 1 North Carolina State University. Osprey tank mix study -- broadleaf control. Phone No:
(T-05-03) Site Description Page 1 Osprey tank mix study -- broadleaf control Trial ID: T-05-03 Location: CSWELL FRM Study Dir.: LN C. YORK Investigator: lan C. York GENERL TRIL INFORMTION Study Director:
More informationUse of Fabric and Plastic Barriers to Control Weeds in Blackberries
Subtropicl Plnt Science, 59:95-103.2007 Use of Fbric nd Plstic Brriers to Control Weeds in Blckberries D. J. Mkus U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Agriculturl Reserch Service Weslco, TX 78596 ABSTRACT Weed control
More informationIrrigation Costs for Tomato Production in Florida * 1
AE74 Irrigtion Costs for Tomto Production in Florid * 1 D.J. Pitts, A.G. Smjstrl, D.Z. Hmn nd G.A. Clrk 2 Seepge irrigtion is the most common method of irrigting tomtoes in Florid tody. This method pplies
More informationEffects of Climate Change on Pasture Production and Forage Quality
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Plnt nd Soil Sciences Presenttions Plnt nd Soil Sciences 4-2013 Effects of Climte Chnge on Psture Production nd Forge Qulity Reecc L. McCulley University of Kentucky,
More informationThe Biochemical Oxygen Demand of Finely Divided Logging Debris in Stream Water
9E. 1, NO. 5 WATER RESOURES RESEAR The Biochemicl Oxygen Demnd of Finely Divided Logging Debris in Strem Wter PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE FROM FILES STANLEY L. PONE' School of Forestry, Oregon Stte University,
More informationEffect of Synthetic and Organic Soil Fertility Amendments on Southern Blight, Soil Microbial Communities, and Yield of Processing Tomatoes
Biologicl Control Effect of Synthetic nd Orgnic Soil Fertility Amendments on Southern Blight, Soil Microbil Communities, nd Yield of Processing Tomtoes L. R. Bulluck III nd J. B. Ristino Deprtment of Plnt
More informationPrimer in Population Genetics
Primer in Popultion Genetics Hierrchicl Orgniztion of Genetics Diversity Primer in Popultion Genetics Defining Genetic Diversity within Popultions Polymorphism number of loci with > 1 llele Number of lleles
More informationYield Response of Corn to Deficit Irrigation in a Semiarid Climate
University of Nebrsk - Lincoln DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln Biologicl Systems Engineering: Ppers nd Publictions Biologicl Systems Engineering 7-16-006 Yield Response of Corn to Deficit
More informationIndicator Bacteria in Subsurface Drain Water Following Swine Manure Application
Agriculturl nd Biosystems Engineering Conference Proceedings nd Presenttions Agriculturl nd Biosystems Engineering 7-2001 Indictor Bcteri in Subsurfce Drin Wter Following Swine Mnure Appliction E. A. Wrnemuende
More informationSurvey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana
Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests nd Assessment of Yield Loss in Penut in Northern Ghn M. Abuduli 1, I.K. Dzomeku 2, D. Opre-Atkor 1, S.K. Nutsugh 1, A.B. Slifu 1, R.L. Brndenburg 3 *, nd D.L. Jordn 3 ABSTRACT
More informationAnnex 5: Henrik Haugaard-Nielsen, Senior Researcher. Dorette Müller-Stöver, Post Doc.
Annex 5: Preliminry Results from the Soil Incution Study/Pot Experiment on Fertilizer Vlue of Aneroiclly Digested Slurries from Cofermenttion with Ulv lctuc Henrik Hugrd-Nielsen, Senior Resercher. E-mil:
More informationDynamics of Verticillium Species Microsclerotia in Field Soils in Response to Fumigation, Cropping Patterns, and Flooding
Ecology nd Epidemiology Dynmics of Verticillium Species Microscleroti in Field Soils in Response to Fumigtion, Cropping Ptterns, nd Flooding Dyln P. G. Short, Germn Sndoy, Gry E. Vlld, Steven T. Koike,
More informationHow Can I Reduce Operating Cost and Maintain a Viable Operation?
How Cn I Reduce Operting Cost nd Mintin Vible Opertion? Bckground for Discussion In this discussion we re not going into the obvious cost-cutting items like buying tht new pickup or trctor, keeping new
More informationIntegrated weed management in organic field pea and lentil
Integrted weed mngement in orgnic field pe nd lentil Acdemic nd reserch supervisor: Dr. Steven Shirtliffe Presenter: Oleksndr Alb MSc Cndidte Pictures ssessed from: www.kellerwelding.com, www.vxteko.nu,
More informationDisease Control and Pest Management
Disese Control nd Pest Mngement Reltive Fitness of Benzimidzole- nd Cdmium-tolernt Popultions of Sclerotini homoeocrp in the Absence nd Presence of Fungicides C. G. Wrren, P. L. Snders, H. Cole, Jr., nd
More informationEFFECTS OF MICRO-ELEMENT FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF AGRIA POTATOES
Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 EFFECTS OF MICRO-ELEMENT FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF AGRIA POTATOES Rhim mohmmdin 1,Behnmthmsepour* 2 1Deprtment of Agronomy nd plnt reeding,fculty
More informationThe Effect of SFAS No. 131 on the Diversification Discount
The Effect of SFAS No. 131 on the Diversifiction Discount Seoungpil Ahn Sogng Business School, Sogng University PA706, 35 Bekbeom-ro, Mpo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Kore E-mil: sphn@sogng.c.kr Received: July 2,
More informationEffect of Maize Hybrid and Foliar Fungicides on Yield Under Low Foliar Disease Severity Conditions
Disese Control nd Pest Mngement Effect of Mize Hyrid nd Folir Fungicides on Yield Under Low Folir Disese Severity Conditions Slly O. Mllow, Pul D. Esker, Pierce A. Pul, Crl A. Brdley, Venkt R. Chpr, Shwn
More informationEffects of Cedar Oil and Silica Gel Treatment on Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Southern Yellow Pine Boards
United Sttes Deprtment of Agriculture Effects of Cedr Oil nd Silic Gel Tretment on Dimensionl Stbility nd Mechnicl Properties of Southern Yellow Pine Bords Xiping Wng Christopher A. Senlik Robert Ross
More information[ HOCl] Chapter 16. Problem. Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Acids. Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Acids
Equilibri in Solutions of Wek Acids Chpter 16 Acid-Bse Equilibri Dr. Peter Wrburton peterw@mun.c http://www.chem.mun.c/zcourses/1011.php The dissocition of wek cid is n equilibrium sitution with n equilibrium
More informationApplication of Actiwave for Improving the Rooting of Camellia Cuttings
Appliction of Actiwve for Improving the Rooting of Cmelli Cuttings A. Ferrnte nd A. Trivellini Dept. Agriculture nd Environmentl Sciences Università degli Studi di Milno Itly P. Vernieri Dip. Scienze Agrrie,
More informationGrain yield and dry matter accumulation response to enhanced panicle nitrogen application under different planting methods (Oryza sativa L.
AJCS 6(12):163-1636 (212) ISSN:1835-277 Grin yield nd dry mtter ccumultion response to enhnced pnicle nitrogen ppliction under different plnting methods (Oryz stiv L.) Song Chen 1*, Xiufu Zhng 1, Guoping
More informationAn Overview of Boron Fertility in Prairie Soils and Canola Response to Fertilization.
An Overview of Boron Fertility in Pririe Soils nd Cnol Response to Fertiliztion. Nobur Rhmn nd Jeff Schoenu Deprtment of Soil Science, U of S Mrch 6, 2017 Justifiction Boron (B) is rther unique s only
More informationThe response of wheat grown in Andisols and Oxisols to granular and fluid phosphorus fertilizers. Daniela Montalvo, Fien Degryse, and Mike McLaughlin
The response of whet grown in Andisols nd Oxisols to grnulr nd fluid phosphorus fertilizers Dniel Montlvo, Fien Degryse, nd Mike McLughlin Introduction Previous studies showed there is more biovilble P
More information"PAIRED COMPARISON" TASTE PANEL PROCEDURES FOR CITRUS JUICE
258 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1952 utomticlly in this wy. The University of Mimi hs plnted five cres of Brbdos Cherries 2 yers go which re lredy in pro duction. We will soon hve figures s to
More informationManure is a nutrient resource. To
PNW 505 November 1997 $2.00 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR DAIRY PRODUCTION Which test is best? Customizing diry mnure nutrient testing D. Sullivn, C. Cogger, nd A. Bry Mnure is nutrient resource. To get the
More informationGuidelines for Using Conservation Tillage Under Furrow Irrigation
Technicl Report TR 15-10 August 2015 Agriculturl Experiment Sttion Guidelines for Using Conservtion Tillge Under Furrow Irrigtion Second Edition Erik Wrdle Troy Buder Clvin Person College of Agriculturl
More informationBusiness Continuity Software Buyer s Guide
Business Continuity Softwre Buyer s Guide Opertionlly strtegic nd deployble, business continuity plns re criticl to ensuring your orgniztion cn survive nd succeed following n unplnned incident. Mny orgniztions
More informationSouthern Illinois University. General Trial Information. Trial Location. Personnel
Study Director: Bryan Young Title: Professor General Trial Information Trial Status: F - one-year/final Initiation Date: 4-29-12 City: De Soto State/Prov.: IL Postal Code: 62924 Country: US Trial Location
More informationSimulation of Die Casting Process in an Industrial Helical Gearbox Flange Die
Simultion of Die Csting Process in n Industril Helicl Gerbox Flnge Die Mehdi Modbberifr, Behrouz Rd, Bhmn Mirzkhni Abstrct Flnges re widely used for connecting vlves, pipes nd other industril devices such
More informationPreparation and Properties of an Internal Mold Release for Rigid Urethane Foam
BDX-613-2510 Preprtion nd Properties of n Internl Mold Relese for Rigid Urethne Fom By B. G. Prker 19960307 009 Published August 1980 Finl Report 3J 4Vr -.1. "DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public
More informationNo-Tillage Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Properties Compared with Conventional Tillage
Originl Reserch Article No-Tillge Impcts on Soil Hydrulic Properties Compred with Conventionl Tillge Mohmmdrez Khledin 1, 2*, Jen-Clude Milhol 1 nd Pierre Ruelle 1 1 UMR G-EAU Cemgref-Cird-Engref-IRD,
More informationWet-Thermal Time and Plant Available Water in the Seedbeds and Root Zones Across the Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystem of the Great Basin
Brighm Young University BYU ScholrsArchive All Theses nd Disserttions 2014-03-01 Wet-Therml Time nd Plnt Aville Wter in the Seededs nd Root Zones Across the Sgerush Steppe Ecosystem of the Gret Bsin Nthn
More informationStudy on germination of sunflower seeds that affected by ROS
Agriculturl Advnces (214) 3(9) 244-248 ISSN 2251-782 doi: 1.14196/.v3i9.1626 Contents lists vilble t Sjournls Journl homepge: www.sjournls.com Originl rticle Study on germintion of sunflower seeds tht
More informationp Coaches j i m Recruitment Dimensions Report Name Ali Example Date of Report: 29/06/2016 Elements report 3
Report Nme Ali Exmple Dte of Report: 29/06/2016 Elements report 3 Also Recommended: Trit Profile, Competency Report Who could use components of this report: p Coches j i HR professionls Trined prctitioners
More informationHigh strength fine grained structural steel, thermo-mechanically rolled, for high temperature application
P420M HT High strength fine grined structurl steel, thermo-mechniclly rolled, for high temperture ppliction Specifiction DH-E52-D, edition April 2016 1 P420M HT is high strength thermomechniclly rolled
More informationBellevue, Quebec Published online: 09 Mar 2011.
This rticle ws downloded y: [McGill University Lirry] On: 11 August 214, At: 11:15 Pulisher: Tylor & Frncis Inform Ltd Registered in Englnd nd Wles Registered Numer: 172954 Registered office: Mortimer
More informationThe fall armyworm prefer species in the grass
The Journl of Cotton Science 3:35-44 (1999) http://journl.cotton.org, The Cotton Foundtion 1999 35 ARTHROPOD MANAGEMENT Dmge to Cotton Fruiting Structures by the Fll Armyworm, Spodopter frugiperd (Lepidopter:
More informationGreenhouse Assessment of Differences in Clomazone Tolerance among Sweetpotato Cultivars. H. F. Harrison, Jr. and D. M. Jackson*
Weed Technology 2011 25:501 505 Notes Greenhouse Assessment of Differences in Clomzone Tolernce mong Sweetpotto Cultivrs H. F. Hrrison, Jr. nd D. M. Jckson* Differences in clomzone tolernce mong sweetpotto
More informationMilling and Functional Properties of Co-mingled Rice Cultivars
University of Arknss, Fyetteville ScholrWorks@UARK Theses nd Disserttions 5-2014 Milling nd Functionl Properties of Co-mingled Rice Cultivrs Nikhil N. Bsutkr University of Arknss, Fyetteville Follow this
More informationAvailable online at Wetting Patterns and Nitrate Distributions in Layered-Textural Soils Under Drip Irrigation
Agriculturl Sciences in Chin 2007, 6(8): 970980 Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com.@& *:? ScienceDi rect August 2007 Wetting Ptterns nd Nitrte Distributions in LyeredTexturl Soils Under Drip Irrigtion
More informationMethane emission from a simulated rice field ecosystem as influenced by hydroquinone and dicyandiamide
. The Science of the Totl Environment 263 2000 23 253 Methne emission from simulted rice field ecosystem s influenced by hydroquinone nd dicyndimide Xingki Xu,b,c,, Yuesi Wng b, Xunhu Zheng b, Mingxing
More informationYour expert around cell culture. Serum-Free Media
Your expert round cell culture Serum-Free Medi Cell culture goes vegn! Overview pge 3 Serum substitutes pge 4 Medi for lymphocytes pge 5 Medi for stem cell cultures pge 6 Other cell specific serum-free
More informationThe potential of Pasteuria penetrans as biocontrol agent for the temperate root-knot. nematodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M.
The potentil of Psteuri penetrns s biocontrol gent for the temperte root-knot nemtodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fllx nd M. minor Nzri Y. NGOINMENANG Fculty of Science, Ghent University, Ledegnckstrt 35,
More informationAgricultural use of microfiltered olive mill wastewater: effects on maize production and soil properties
Aville online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Agriculture nd Agriculturl Science Procedi 00 (2015) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locte/procedi IRLA 2014 Agriculturl use of microfiltered olive mill wstewter:
More informationStudy on the Effect of Different Modified Zeolite to Phosphorus Activation in Red Soil
Journl of Environmentl Protection, 216, 7, 236-246 http://www.scirp.org/journl/jep ISSN Online: 2152-2219 ISSN Print: 2152-2197 Study on the Effect of Different Modified to Phosphorus Activtion in Red
More informationEffects of Natural and Accelerated Aging on Oak CrosstiesI
308 AMERICAN WOOD-PRESERVERS' ASSOCIATION 1987 Effects of Nturl nd Accelerted Aging on Ok CrosstiesI Poo Chow Profess-or, Wood Science, Deprtment of Forestry S. L. Lewis Former Grdute Student University
More informationEPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WALNUT BLIGHT
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WALNUT BLIGHT J. E. Adskveg, H. Förster, D. Thompson, D. Felts, D. Cry, K. Nguyen, J. Connell, R. Buchner Cooperting: L. Wde, Aryst LifeScience ABSTRACT Our reserch efforts
More informationEFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ADHESION OF CLAY SOIL TO STEEL
Cercetări Agronomice în Moldov Vol. XLV, No. 2 (150) / 2012 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ADHESION OF CLAY SOIL TO STEEL B. AZADEGAN 1, J. MASSAH 2 * *E-mil: jmssh@ut.c.ir Received April 14, 2012 ABSTRACT.
More informationSTATUS OF LAND-BASED WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN GERMANY
First Hlf STATUS OF LAND-BASED WIND ENERGY On behlf of: Deutsche WindGurd GmbH - Oldenburger Strße 65-26316 Vrel - Germny +49 (4451)/95150 - info@windgurd.de - www.windgurd.com Cumultive Development First
More informationDepth Distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis Under Different Tillage and Crop Sequence Systems
Disese Control nd Pest Mngement Depth Distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis Under Different Tillge nd Crop Sequence Systems A. Westphl nd J. R. Smrt First uthor: Deprtment of Botny nd Plnt Pthology,
More informationEFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULING ON TUBER YIELD OF POTATO UNDER DIFFERENT CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS
Interntionl Journl of Food, Agriculture nd Veterinry Sciences ISSN: 77-9X (Online) 1 Vol. () Septemer-Decemer, pp. 9-18/Ahuj et l. EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULING ON TUBER YIELD OF POTATO UNDER DIFFERENT
More informationAlternative welding reconditioning solutions without post welding heat treatment of pressure vessel
IOP Conference Series: Mterils Science nd Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Alterntive welding reconditioning solutions without post welding het tretment of pressure vessel To cite this rticle: D T Cicic et
More informationNewly introduced strawberry genotypes for Nordic Baltic conditions
Hort. Sci. (Prgue) Vol. 44, 2016 (3): 141 147 Newly introduced strwberry genotypes for Nordic Bltic conditions Ave Kiks, Liin Arus, Hedi Kldmäe, Ast-Virve Libek Polli Horticulturl Reserch Centre, Institute
More informationUsing Proven Genetics in an AI Program*
Using Proven Genetics in n AI Progrm* D.J. Schfer 1, J.K. Hden 1, S.R. Brtholomew 1, M.T. Griffin 1, M.E. John 1, J.L. Prcell 2, nd D.J. Ptterson 3 1 MFA Incorported, Columbi, MO; 2 Division of Agriculture
More informationWilliam A. Lakel, III
Slsh Mulching nd Incorportion s Mechnicl Site Preprtion for Pine Plnttion Estblishment nd Subsequent Effects on Soil Moisture nd Site Hydrology Willim A. Lkel, III Thesis submitted to the fculty of the
More informationPIG SLURRY TREATMENT STRATEGY IN A HIGH LIVESTOCK CONCENTRATION AREA: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AS THE KEY PROCESS
PIG SLURRY TREATMENT STRATEGY IN A HIGH LIVESTOCK CONCENTRATION AREA: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AS THE KEY PROCESS A. Bonmtí 1 nd X. Flotts 2 1 Lortory of Chemicl Engineering nd Environment. University of Giron,
More informationName Period Date. Grade 7 Unit 1 Assessment. 1. The number line below shows the high temperature in Newark, in degrees Fahrenheit, on Monday.
Nme Period Dte Grde 7 Unit 1 Assessment For multiple choice questions, circle the est nswer. For ll other questions, respond in the spce provided. 1. The numer line elow shows the high temperture in Newrk,
More informationThe energy content of the diet generally
Peer reviewed Originl reserch Economics of incresing lysine:clorie rtio nd dding dietry ft for growing-finishing pigs rered in commercil environment Mnuel De L Llt, MS, PhD; Steve S. Dritz, DVM, PhD; Michel
More informationRange Field Day 2008 Progress Report
Specil Report 185 June 28 Rnge Field Dy 28 Progress Report United Sttes Deprtment of Agriculture Agriculturl Reserch Service For dditionl copies of this puliction Estern Oregon Agriculturl Reserch Center
More informationResearch Collection. Doctoral Thesis. ETH Library. Author(s): Bieler, Peter. Publication Date: 1992
Reserch Collection Doctorl Thesis Agronomic nd physiologicl spects of postflowering drought tolernce of perl millet (Pennisetum glucum (L.) R.Br.) in the Shel Author(s): Bieler, Peter Publiction Dte: 1992
More informationEffect of Separation and Grinding of Corn Dry-Milled Streams on Physical Properties of Single-Screw Low-Speed Extruded Products 1
Effect of Seprtion nd Grinding of Corn Dry-Milled Strems on Physicl Properties of Single-Screw Low-Speed Extruded Products 1 Fen F. Jmin 2 nd Rolndo A. Flores 3 ABSTRACT Cerel Chem. 75(6):775 779 Three
More informationThe effect of mixed cropping practice of chili bird (Capsicum frutescens L.) on crop yield and pest and disease occurrence
The effect of mixed cropping prctice of chili bird (Cpsicum frutescens L.) on crop yield nd pest nd disese occurrence 1 Muhmmd Sykir, 2 Liferdi, 3 Wiwin Setiwti, 3 Ahsol Hsyim, 3 Abdy Hudyy 1 Indonesin
More informationRemote Sensing ISSN
Remote Sens 2012, 4, 180-193; doi:10.3390/rs4010180 Article OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 www.mdpi.com/journl/remotesensing Use of Vriogrm Prmeters in Anlysis of Hyperspectrl Imging Dt Acquired
More informationWINTER PR.ECIPITATIONI
CONSE,RVATION OF SOIL MOISTUR.E FROM FALL AND WINTER PR.ECIPITATIONI W. J. Srri-o, J. J. Lnne,lrn enn A. WBxuenr2 Cond Deprtment oj Agriculture, Swift Current, Sshtchewn [Received for publiction June 7,
More informationAdhesiveness of Cold Rolled Steels for Car Body Parts
Mterils Reserch, Vol. 10, No. 3, 267-271, 2007 2007 Adhesiveness of Cold Rolled Steels for Cr Body Prts Kleiner Mrques Mrr, Evndro de Azevedo Alvreng, Vicente Tdeu Lopes Buono b * Usimins Reserch nd Development
More informationCSN s blast furnace number 3 (14m diameter, 38
Expnsion phenomen in blst furnce herth fter blow-in Following n emergency stop, CSN s blst furnce number 3 remined seled for five months prior to restrting. Specil instrumenttion nd controls were instlled
More informationFish Extracts for Integrated Disease, Insect, and Fertility Management in Organic Blueberries in the Southeastern U.S. Final Report ( )
Fish Extrts for Integrted Disese, Inset, nd Fertility Mngement in Orgni Blueerries in the Southestern U.S. Finl Report (2009-2010) Prinipl investigtor Hrld Sherm Plnt Pthology Dept. University of Georgi
More informationEffects of process parameters on quality of squeeze casting A356 alloy
Effects of process prmeters on qulity of squeeze csting A356 lloy Q. M. Chng* 1, C. J. Chen 1, S. C. Zhng 1, D. Schwm 2 nd J. F. Wllce 2 This investigtion hs studied the influence of the vrious csting
More informationSAN JOSE/SANTA CLARA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT MERCURY FATE AND TRANSPORT STUDY
SAN JOSE/SANTA CLARA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT MERCURY FATE AND TRANSPORT STUDY Submitted to: Cliforni Regionl Wter Qulity Control Bord Sn Frncisco By Region 55 Cly Street, Suite 400, Oklnd, Cliforni
More informationEffect of Fertilization on Weed and Yield of Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) at Badeggi, Nigeria
Interntionl Journl of Agriculturl Technology 2014 Vol. 10(1):219-231 Aville online http:www.ijt-tse.com Fungl Diversity ISSN 1686-9141 Effect of Fertiliztion on Weed nd Yield of Sugrcne (Scchrum Officinrum
More informationSTRENGTHENING OF STEEL AND HYBRID SHEAR WALLS
The 12th Interntionl Symposium on Fier Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & The 5th Asi-Pcific Conference on Fier Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015) Joint Conference,
More informationProduction results of intensification of cultivation technologies in three lupin (Lupinus L.) species
Vol. 61, 215, No. 9: 426 431 Plnt Soil Environ. Production results of intensifiction of cultivtion technologies in three (Lupinus L.) species M. Borowsk, J. Prusinski, E. Kszkowik Deprtment of Agrotechnology,
More informationPrecipitation and Hardening in Magnesium Alloys
Precipittion nd Hrdening in Mgnesium Alloys JIAN-FENG NIE Mgnesium lloys hve received n incresing interest in the pst 12 yers for potentil pplictions in the utomotive, ircrft, erospce, nd electronic industries.
More informationEffects of Different Fertilizers and Continuous No-Till Production on Diseases, Growth, and Yield of Staked Tomato
Effects of Different Fertilizers and Continuous No-Till Production on Diseases, Growth, and Yield of Staked Tomato Craig H. Canaday, Jim E. Wyatt, and Don D. Tyler Interpretative Summary The effects of
More informationFactors affecting the trophic state of Iowa lakes
Retrospective Theses nd Disserttions 1992 Fctors ffecting the trophic stte of Iow lkes Lorin Kent Htch Iow Stte University Follow this nd dditionl works t: http://lib.dr.istte.edu/rtd Prt of the Terrestril
More informationResearch Article Effects of Presowing Pulsed Electromagnetic Treatment of Tomato Seed on Growth, Yield, and Lycopene Content
e Scientific World Journl, Article ID 369745, 6 pges http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369745 Reserch Article Effects of Presowing Pulsed Electromgnetic Tretment of Tomto Seed on Growth, Yield, nd Lycopene
More informationUniversity, Gwangju, Korea b Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Institute of
This rticle ws downloded by: [University of Albert] On: 3 June 13, At: 13:55 Publisher: Tylor & Frncis Inform Ltd Registered in Englnd nd Wles Registered Number: 1795 Registered office: Mortimer House,
More informationBrassica cover cropping for weed management: A review
Renewble Agriculture nd Food Systems: 19(4); 187 198 Brssic cover cropping for weed mngement: A review Erin R. Hrmoto nd Eric R. Gllndt* DOI: 10.1079/RAFS200490 Deprtment of Plnt, Soil nd Environmentl
More informationEffect of Residue Management and N and S Fertilisation on Cane and Sugar Yield of Plant and Ratoon Cane
Pertnik J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 41 (1): 365-378 (2018) TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Journl homepge: http://www.pertnik.upm.edu.my/ Effect of Residue Mngement nd N nd S Fertilistion on Cne nd Sugr Yield of
More informationNo-till strip row farming using yearly maize-soybean rotation increases yield of maize by 75 %
Agron. Sustin. Dev. (2015) 35:837 846 DOI 10.1007/s13593-015-0289-y RESEARCH ARTICLE No-till strip row frming using yerly mize-soyen rottion increses yield of mize y 75 % Rfiq Islm & Den C. Glenney & George
More informationUse of Residual Herbicides for Tough to Control Weeds in Snap Beans Final Report for 2012
Use of Residual Herbicides for Tough to Control Weeds in Snap Beans Final Report for 2012 Submitted to Pennsylvania Vegetable Marketing and Research Program c/o William Troxell, Executive Secretary 815
More informationEvaluation of Blackberry Varieties in Virginia
Evlution of Blckerry Vrieties in Virgini Puliction HORT-226P Mikel Ann Conwy, Mster s Student, Horticulture, Hmpton Rods Agriculturl Reserch nd Extension Center Jyesh B. Smtni, Assistnt Professor, Horticulture,
More information