Functional Polysaccharide Materials. Nathan S. Mosier Ag. and Bio. Engineering Purdue University

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1 Functional Polysaccharide Materials Nathan S. Mosier Ag. and Bio. Engineering Purdue University

2 Glycoscience in Mammalian Systems Attached to cells and enzymes mportant for protein function and cell-to-cell communication/interactions Research focus on health, drug development, and diagnostics Glycoscience in Non-Mammalian Systems More complex arrangements of saccharides More diverse functions Focus on plant cell wall assembly/dissasembly Applications focused on non-food source of reduced carbon for biomolecule/bioproduct production

3 Polysaccharides Properties Biocompatible Hydrophilic Controllable, biocatalytic assembly of complex polymers Potential for self-assembly of complex matrices of polymers

4 Functional Polymers Natural and bio-compatible Mature technologies in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals Pectin (plant), xanthan gum (bacterial), carrageenan (algal) as thickening/gelling agents MCC as excipient Developing technology for as scaffolds for tissue engineering, nanoelectronic, etc.

5 Xanthan Gum

6 Chitosan-based Nanofibers Green synthesis of chitosan-based nanofibers and their applications Lei Qian and Haifei Zhang Green Chem., 2010, 12,

7 Chitosan-based Biocompatible Proton Field-Effect Transistor Bionanoprotonics Photo-crosslinked Maleic Chitosan-Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate Hybrid Hydrogels Zhong, C. et al. A polysaccharide bioprotonic field-effect transistor. Nat. Commun. 2:476 doi: /ncomms1489 (2011).

8 Functional Materials Moon et al., Chem Soc Rev 2011.

9 Plant Cell Wall Assembly, Structure, and Deconstruction Nano and Molecular Scale Architecture Lignin Biosynthesis and Deposition Cellulose Biosynthesis Assembly of the Cellulose Microfibril Cytoskeletal and Secretion Machinery for Trafficking Polysaccharides (hemicellulose and pectin) to the cell wall

10 Gaining Molecular Control Over Cell Wall Assembly 2. What microtubule structures efficiently recruit compartmentalized CESA? 3. What controls the packaging and delivery of CESA and non-cellulosic polysaccharides? 1. What constitutes a functional actin track for wall material delivery and how is the network organization created?

11 Control of Cellulose Microfibril Deposition

12 Hemicellulose Structure Variability: mpact on Structure

13 Complex Mixture of Enzymes Needed to Degrade Hemicellulose Up to 21 Enzymes Required! Xylanase.. Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4X ß-xylosidase Af 4Xß1-4X Af Arabinofuranosidase 5 Feruloyl esterase 2X Fer Fer-O-Fer- Lignin 5 Af mgu Ac -Glucuronidase Acetylxylan esterase 2... Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4Xß1-4X.. Selinger et al., 1996

14 Temperature sensitive hydrogels prepared from Eucalyptus hemicellulose cross-linked with maleic anhydride Yang, Zhou, Fang Synthesis and characterization of temperature sensitive hemicellulose-based Hydrogels, Carb. Poly. 86, , (2011)

15 nteractions between Xylans and Cellulose Figure 6. Adhesion between a cellulose sphere and a neat xyloglucan graft on gold. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9 (3), pp Top-Down Grafting of Xyloglucan to Gold Monitored by QCM-D and AFM: Enzymatic Activity and nteractions with Cellulose Niklas Nordgren, Jens Eklöf, Qi Zhou, Harry Brumer, and Mark W. Rutland

16 Opportunities Wide array of natural and synthetic polymers and materials for a multitude of applications Potential for engineered structures and chemistries produced in vivo or in vitro Self assembled Self healing Molecular and nano scale control of chemistry and structure

17 Challenges Understanding relationships between structure and function Understanding glycoside-glycoside interactions at Angstrom and nano scale Predict properties (physical, chemical, mechanical, etc) based upon sequence/structure