VACCINES. Red Biotechnology

Transcription

1 VACCINES Red Biotechnology

2 1. To recount the history of vaccines 2. To explain what vaccines are made of and how they work 3. To discuss the impact of vaccines and issues related to their use Learning Outcomes

3 1. To recount the history of vaccines Learning Outcome #1

4 The First Vaccine

5 Term was derived from Virolae vaccinae by Edward Jenner Vaccination

6 2. To explain what vaccines are made of and how they work Learning Outcome #2

7 A biological material that STIMULATES the immune system to RECOGNIZE and DEFEND the body against a SPECIFIC agent of disease What Is A Vaccine

8 Carbohydrate antigen Dead or attenuated pathogen Antibody Protein antigen Active Component of Vaccine

9 Taking the vaccine. Antibodies destroy pathogen. Antibody creation. If pathogen is met. Memory cells are formed.

10 Prophylactic Prevents the development of a disease Therapeutic Treats an ongoing disease Vaccines Can Be

11 TABLE 1 Dyer et al Drug Discovery Today. 11: 21/22 Ongoing clinical trials for vaccines in addictions and chronic diseases (limited to company-sponsored trials in non-cancer, non-allergy and non-infection indications) Indication Conjugated target Carrier protein Company Clinical status Addiction Nicotine Virus-like particles Cytos Phase II Addiction Nicotine Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoprotein A Nabi Phase II Addiction Nicotine Recombinant cholera toxin B Xenova Phase I Addiction Cocaine Recombinant cholera toxin B Xenova Phase II Hypertension Angiotensin II Virus-like particles Cytos Phase I/II Cholesterol management Cholesterol ester transferase Tetanus toxoid Avant Phase II Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Gastrin 17 Diptheria toxoid Aphton Phase II Obesity Ghrelin Virus-like particles Cytos Phase I/II Psoriasis Tissue necrosis factor Virus-like particles Cytos Phase I/II Hypertension Angiotensin I Keyhole limpet hemocyanin Protherics Under reformulation Alzheimer s Ab-fragment Virus-like particles Novartis/Cytos Phase I Alzheimer s Ab-fragment Not disclosed Wyeth/Elan Phase I Second Vaccine Revolution

12 Third Vaccine Revolution

13 3. To discuss the impact of vaccines and issues related to their use Learning Outcome #3

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15 Expanded Program on Immunization EPI began in the Philippines in July 1979: sustaining high routine Full Immunized Child (FIC) coverage of at least 90% in all provinces and cities; sustaining the polio-free country for global certification; eliminating measles by 2008; and eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008 Vaccines In Action

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18 A. Research on the role and actions of the following in relation to the dengvaxia mass vaccination in the Philippines. List all the events and related data (e.g. statistics) obtained from your research. Be prepared to share facts and opinion in response to interview questions in B. Sanofi DOH Formulary Executive Council WHO B. Read the CNN timeline on the dengvaxia vaccination in the Philippines (see Learning Tools). Prepare interview questions addressed to each group mentioned in A which will lead to a) an understanding on how the dengvaxia issue arose, b) the implications, and c) what could have been/can be done to address this national problem. Group Homework

19 HOST Questions Questions were logical, comprehensive and thought provoking Questions were logical and comprehensive Questions were logical but could have added more to cover all aspects of the issue Questions did not address the issues Comprehension The hosts clearly understood the discussion in-depth and provided appropriate additional insights with confidence. The hosts clearly understood the discussion in-depth and provided appropriate additional insights with ease. The hosts seemed to understand the main points of the discussion and presented those with ease. The hosts did not show an adequate understanding of the discussion. Information processing The hosts clearly identified and summarized all the main issues, their implications, and solutions to address them. The hosts identified and summarized most of the main issues, their implications, and solutions to address them. The hosts identified and summarized some of the main issues, their implications, and solutions to address them. The hosts failed to identify and summarize the main issues, their implications, or solutions to address them. Organization The hosts were able to exhaustively thresh out the major information and issues related to the topic in a manner that helps the audience to follow the discussion. The hosts were able to thresh out the major information and issues related to the topic in a manner that helps the audience to follow the discussion. The hosts were able to thresh out the major information and issues related to the topic, but was organized in a slightly confusing manner. The hosts were not able to thresh out the major information and issues related to the topic, or the discussion was difficult to follow. Rubrics for Talk Show

20 PANEL Comprehension The team clearly understood the discussion in-depth and presented their information forcefully and convincingly. The team clearly understood the discussion in-depth and presented their information with ease. The team seemed to understand the main points of the discussion and presented those with ease. The team did not show an adequate understanding of the discussion. Facts/Statistics Every major point was well supported with several relevant facts, statistics and/or examples. Every major point was adequately supported with relevant facts, statistics and/or examples. Every major point was supported with facts, statistics and/or examples, but the relevance of some was questionable. Every point was not supported. Organization All discussions were clearly tied to an idea (premise) and organized in a tight, logical fashion. Most discussions were clearly tied to an idea (premise) and organized in a tight, logical fashion. All discussions were clearly tied to an idea (premise) but the organization was sometimes not clear or logical. Discussions were not clearly tied to an idea (premise). Critical Thinking Formulated a clear and precise personal point of view, and thoroughly discussed implications, conclusions, and consequences considering all relevant assumptions, contexts, data, and evidence. Formulated a clear and precise personal point of view, and discussed implications, conclusions, and consequences, considering all relevant assumptions, contexts, data, and evidence. Formulated a clear and precise personal point of view, but discussion implications, conclusions, and consequences needs improvement. Point of view not clearly formulated, or assumptions, contexts, data, and evidence were not considered in the discussions. Rubrics for Talk Show