Aadhaar, Direct Benefit Transfers and their impact

Transcription

1 Aadhaar, Direct Benefit Transfers and their impact 11 th March 2013 UIDAI 1

2 Structure of the presentation Overall mandate of the Aadhaar Project Aadhaar and it s potential Direct Benefit Transfer and Aadhaar 2

3 Overall mandate of the Aadhaar project 3

4 Context Providing a formal identity proof to millions of residents This identity proof would be a gateway to access services Need to streamline government expenditure cut wastage and leakage Need for a transparent and accountable system of public expenditure Social inclusion project with a developmental focus 4

5 UIDAI issues Aadhaar numbers UID Unique number Random number Name Parents Gender DoB PoB Address Basic demographic data and biometrics stored Standardized identity attributes UID = No duplicates(1:n check) Minimal demographic data collected 5

6 and authenticate IDs online, real-time Authentication - Are you who you claim to be? UID = Central UID database 1:1 check, no ID fraud Only YES/NO response, no details no invasion of privacy Person can see self-details, no one else can 6

7 Where are we today Started issuing in Sept crore Aadhaars issued so far More than 30 crore residents enrolled Target 60 crore by

8 Enrolment centre, Andhra Pradesh 8

9 Enrolment Centre, Jharkhand 9

10 Enrolment Centre, Puducherry 10

11 Aadhaar and it s potential 11

12 Service Delivery potential due to Authentication Transactions normally require verification of identity Aadhaar online authentication will provide a common platform which can be used across all transactions and other applications. Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary non-transferability can be ensured This can be effectively done by authentication at the point of service delivery Many sectors will be able to use as a proof of presence for the beneficiary 12

13 Empowerment, Choice and Convenience Identity Unique identity to every resident of India which is nationally valid especially useful for those who have no proof of identity Mobility Aadhaar authentication because of its on-line nature can also be verified anytime, anywhere. Gateway to Services As Aadhaar can become a KYC for a whole range of products and services (bank accounts, mobile connections, LPG connections, state Govt. services, insurance, etc) 13

14 Empowerment, Choice and Convenience Convenience Availability of many access points to withdraw benefit make it far more convenient for the intended beneficiary. Auditable and Transparent On-line real time transaction authentication ensures that the entitlements reach intended beneficiary. Choice Interoperable Micro-ATM/FPS network can ensure that the beneficiary has choice. This enhances her/his empowerment. 14

15 Aadhaar based government application pilots Country wide spread Jharkhand MG-NREGA, Scholarships Tripura Old Age Pension Andhra Pradesh PDS Aadhaar Applications in States Sikkim Employee Salary Maharashtra Social Security Pensions Karnataka LPG Subsidy 15

16 MNREGA payments through Micro- ATM in Jharkhand 16

17 PDS delivery based on Aadhaar Authentication in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh 17

18 Old age pension payment in Tripura 18

19 Aadhaar platform for Banking Access Open Bank Accounts using Aadhaar Sufficient KYC Existing Bank Account can be linked to Aadhaar number Address Transfer funds to Aadhaar Enabled Accounts Simplifies disbursal of funds uses only one account for all disbursals Convenience for the beneficiary Transactions Withdrawal and deposit, check balance End to end auditability and traceability Inter-operable, portable anytime anywhere Better than local, non-interoperable solutions that limit choice 19

20 Aadhaar accepted as KYC for Mobile connections 1 2 Bank A/Cs, Insurance, etc. 3 LPG Connections 4 State Government Services 5? Train Travel 6 Many other services 20

21 Aadhaar e-kyc Service 1. Instant Opening of Bank Account through a Micro-ATM based on Aadhaar authentication hugely empowering to the unbanked 1. The Aadhaar e-kyc service instantaneously provides basic data (name, address, date of birth, gender, photograph) of the beneficiary to the Bank upon successful Aadhaar authentication. 1. The e-kyc service can scale up to lakhs of transactions on a daily basis 2. Provides convenience to the unbanked. Enables opening of large number of bank accounts on scale. 21

22 Direct Benefit Transfer and Aadhaar 22

23 All direct cash transfers into one account Multiple Schemes Aadhaar Payments Bridge One Aadhaar linked account APB Compatible with CPSMS 23

24 End-to-End Direct Benefit Transfer Enabled by Aadhaar Pension Radha xxxcccc xxxxx MGNREGA Radha yyyyy Bank Aadhaar as KYC to open bank account Aadhaar Payment Bridge Scholarship Radha xxxxx Aadhaar to de-duplicate databases 3. Aadhaar as a payment destination - Bank Account portability - Many schemes, one Aadhaar linked bank account Withdraw from any MicroATM Choice and Convenience 5. Auditability and traceability of transaction 24

25 Micro-ATM transactions 1. Handheld device and battery powered 2. Online connectivity through mobile network 3. Micro-ATM standards set by RBI and IBA (manufactured by multiple vendors) 4. Biometric scanners are certified 5. Interoperable devices and can work for any bank and any BC Total online transaction time less than 15 seconds Verified on the ground from Tripura, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh 25

26 Convenient cash withdrawal Ram s bank account Resident 8. Inform: Call / SMS 5. Authorize 6. Debit 1. Withdrawal request 9. Cash 4. Authenticate Interoperable Switch UIDAI 3. Forward to switch 7. Credit 2. AADHAAR number, money transfer instruction, biometrics BC s bank account BC with Micro-ATM 26

27 Inclusive convenience banking ID mapper 5. Authenticate 4. Authenticate and execute 6. Debit NPCI switch Ram s bank a/c Any Bank 8. Info- IVRS/ SMS Resident - Ram UID Any amount 1. Withdrawal request 3.NPCI request 7. Credit Any micro- ATM TransferMoney From UID To UID Amount Money transfer instruction + biometrics Any BC 9. Cash BC s bank a/c BC (Kirana, SHG, PO etc)) With Micro-ATM UID:

28 Use of Data Analytics in monitoring implementation 28

29 Scale Dimensions of the Project Geographically Daily Operations across India 25,000+ stations deployed Speed ~1m/day mark reached in less than 18 months of 1 st Aadhaar Generated Operations Model Public (Registrar) -Private (EA) partnership driven Data Analytics plays a crucial role to provide neutral insight to UIDAI as well its partners.

30 Relevance of Data Analytics Neutral & Objective Facts validating opinion, increases confidence of team and management in pursuing directions Cost Economics Automation in data collection Quality of Insight capability to understand trends across large sample space Empowers with Agility New Initiatives and its impact can be analysed for rapid course correction. Enables audit of large operations with details in low cost

31 Uses of Data Analytics Take Early Corrective Action(s) Enable Improved Decision Making

32 CASE STUDIES OF - DATA ANALYTICS

33 All India Upload Time Delay (days) Monitoring & sharing packet upload delay information with partners, incorporating new policy initiatives, has led to significant improvement in minimising the delays.

34 Data Analytics empowers to differentiate the field reality from the rumors. Here we monitor, changes to enrolment time with changes in software version to evaluate between software improvement to economic viability for partners and resident time involvement.

35 Distribution of Enrolment Duration (min) Deep-dive analysis on enrolment time, further provides insight on majority of enrolment cases versus few outliers cases. *sample size is 20-55Lac enrolments in each month

36 Comparing distribution of Aadhaar & Biometric Exception (BE) Outliers : BE % is much greater than Aadhaars Generated % Empowers the management to identify areas where detailed audit is required. 36

37 BE Cases detailed analysis

38 Biometric Exception as a % of Enrolment Monitoring and awareness has lead to reduction in dubious Bio- Metric exceptions cases. Awareness is maintained with partners, that this monitoring should not lead to exclusion of genuine Biometric Exception Cases Aadhaar is always stretched itself to be as inclusive and resident friendly as possible.

39 SHARING UIDAI

40 Public Data Sharing

41 Public Data Sharing GoI has notified the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP) in March 2012 Datasets pertaining to Enrolment are available through the UIDAI data portal Data can be accessed manually as well as Programmatically Dataset Frequency 1 Aadhaar Generated by State, District Enrolment Daily, Incremental 2 Aadhaar Generated by Registrar-EA Enrolment Daily, Incremental 3 Aadhaar Generated by Gender & Age band Enrolment Daily, Incremental 4 Enrolments processed in detail Enrolment Daily, Incremental 5 Total Aadhaar Generated Enrolment Daily, Cumulative

42 Automated Meta-data Capture Enrolment Packet Individual Screen Timings People Involved Geographical Location Several Quality parameters Devices Date & Time of Operations Any Exceptions Sync Operations Packet Upload Visual Quality Checking Biometric Uniqueness Aadhaar Generation Print Letter Generation Physical Letter Printing Letter Dispatch Confirmation / Return Authentication Agency Involved Type of authentication Response Timings Success/Failure Failure Reasons

43 Use of Data Analytics in Authentication 43

44 Early Correction Action(s) Some examples from Aadhaar authentication service that helped improve service during early stages of roll out: Better control of device level changes through backend Response Error analysis Early fraud detection / leakage prevention by doing Number of Attempts analysis Feedback to respective ecosystem partners to fine-tune their systems

45 Example 1: Better Control of Device Level Changes In the authentication service, UIDAI has developed different return codes which represent various reasons why an authentication request may get rejected. An early analysis of transactions and the return code helped identify problems at device level application and frequent changes in them. Accordingly, partners were sensitized and corrective action taken to improve the success rate. Return Code January February March April Indicates possible uncontrolled changes at devices Load testing done by the ASA

46 Example 2: Early Fraud Detection / Leakage Prevention During early days of pilot for LPG cylinder delivery, a gradual rise was observed in the reject rate for biometric authentication. Detailed analysis of the data reflected that some delivery boys were trying to by-pass the system by putting their own fingerprint for a resident s Aadhaar (which is expected to be rejected). They would show that the authentication has failed and use manual override methods to sell the cylinder else where. An early analysis of this data and drill down to such distributors / delivery boys helped detect potential leakages early and corrective action was taken. Months 1 Attempt 2 Attempts 3-5 Attempts 5-8 Attempts >8 Attempts February March

47 Improved Decision Making Some examples of decisions taken based on data analytics to make Aadhaar Authentication more robust: Drawing up device standards, certification guidelines and other backend configurations based on data collected from various proof on concept studies and pilots Authentication modalities to ensure universal coverage and near 100% accuracy

48 Example 3: Drawing up device standards and other authentication guidelines Before launching biometric authentication services, UIDAI undertook extensive field studies (PoCs) and captured extensive data to decide on appropriate device standards and backend set up. Based on this data, UIDAI took decisions on matters such as device standards, two-finger authentication support etc. Device Area Area FAP MINEX FRR Single FRR Two (pixel) (mm) Classification Compliance Finger Fingers X x 24 FAP 20 Yes 1.84% 0.63% X x 24 FAP 20 No 2.14% 1.03% X x 24 FAP 20 Yes 2.23% 0.70% X x 24 FAP 20 Yes 3.48% 1.06% X x 28 FAP 20 Yes 4.01% 0.57% X x 22 FAP 10 Yes 4.57% 1.24% X X 16 FAP 10 No 7.84% 3.38% X x 17 FAP 10 Yes 18.97% 9.65% X x 17 FAP 10 Yes 22.81% 8.97%

49 To conclude The Aadhaar number is a form of empowerment to those who had no proof of formal identity Empowerment is achieved by providing access, choice, empowerment and convenience Government spends large amounts on social welfare programmes 49

50 Obligation on State to have the capacity to ensure effective implementation as well as reduce leakage and corruption. The expenditure should reach the intended beneficiary The Aadhaar project is one of the means by which efficient delivery of service and inclusion with access can be enhanced. Extensive use of data analytics tools to improve monitoring of implementation 50

51 The impact Govt. Services Social Networks Local Language Content Digital Identity Credit Registries Digital / Online Payment Aadhaar identity platform and Aadhaar enabled applications can help a billion people to participate in digital economy and avail services tailored to them! Insurance, banking Mobile Commerce

52 Thank You 52