Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Slide Gates and Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Weir Gates

Transcription

1 ANSI/AWWA C (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C513-97) The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water SM AWWA Standard Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Slide Gates and Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Weir Gates Effective date: April 1, First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Feb. 2, This edition approved Jan. 16, Approved by American National Standards Institute Feb. 7, West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO T Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training Science and Technology Sections

2 AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) Science and Technology AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2005 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA ii

3 Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committe on Slide Gates, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time: David C. Wheelock, Chair Consumer Members R.J. Alberts, City of Pasco, Pasco, Wash. Erik Holck, Denver Water, Denver, Colo. Arshed Ramankutty, Detroit Water & Sewerage Department, Detroit, Mich. G.W. Rood, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. H.C. Suan, EPCOR Water Services, Edmonton, Alta. (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (USBR) (AWWA) General Interest Members Ronald Arrington, Denver, Colo. H.H. Benjes, * Standards Council Liaison, Austin, Texas L.C. Gerbig, URS Corporation, Denver, Colo. K.H. Hipps, Consoer Townsend Envirodyne Engineers Inc. Chicago, Ill. M.R. Johnson, Walsh Construction Company of Illinois, Millbury, Mass. P.J. Olson, * Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. D.C. Wheelock, Brazos River Authority, Waco, Texas (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) Producer Members Francois Bedard, H. Fontaine Ltd., Magog, Que. T.Q. Fallon, Henry Pratt Company, Aurora, Ill. Matthew Mirto, Shelton, Conn. David Niblett, Ashbrook Corporation, Houston, Texas G.E. Whipps, Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass. (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) *Liaison, nonvoting iii

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5 Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction... vii I.A Background... vii I.B History... vii I.C Acceptance... vii II Special Issues... viii III Use of This Standard... viii III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives... ix III.B Modification to Standard... ix IV Major Revisions... x V Comments... x Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope Purpose Application References Definitions Requirements 4.1 Data to Be Furnished by the Manufacturer Materials General Design Fabrication and Finish Installation Verification 5.1 Inspection Testing General Delivery 6.1 Marking Packaging and Shipping Affidavit of Compliance and Certification of Design Tables 1 Material Properties Materials List... 7 v

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7 Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C513. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. Open-channel, fabricated-metal slide gates and weir gates are mechanically actuated plates positioned in open-channel conduits to control water. Fabricated slide gates do not include stop plates that are manually placed in grooves in an open channel. The common use of open-channel, fabricated-metal slide gates and weir gates in water facilities led to the preparation of this standard. Open-channel, fabricated-metal slide gates and weir gates described in this standard are intended to be used to control water in water conveyance channels. I.B. History. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA C513 was developed in 1996 by the AWWA Standards Committee on Sluice Gates as a result of infrastructure needs for placement and replacement of slide gates. The first edition of the standard was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Feb. 2, This edition of C513 was approved on Jan. 16, I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. * Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, Specific policies of the state, provincial, or local agency. *Persons outside the US should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. vii

8 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, ANSI * /NSF 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals Health Effects, and ANSI/NSF 61, Drinking Water System Components Health Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with ANSI/NSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures, to ANSI/NSF 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of unregulated contaminants are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA C513 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this section. III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. *American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth St., N.W., Washington, DC viii

9 III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard used that is, ANSI/AWWA C513, Standard for Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Slide Gates and Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Weir Gates, of latest revision. 2. Number of units required. 3. Size and type of gate. 4. Any drawings and material specifications required of the manufacturer (Sec. 4.1). 5. If test records must be viewed (Sec ). 6. Acceptable materials (Sec. 4.2). 7. Standard or self-contained gate frame (Sec and ). 8. Rising stem or nonrising stem (Sec ). 9. Type of actuator: manual, electric-motor-driven, or hydraulic-cylinder. The purchaser should refer to ANSI/AWWA C540 if the actuator is electric-motor-driven or hydraulic-cylinder. 10. Type of lift mechanism structural support (Sec ). 11. Driver media and pressure (refer to ANSI/AWWA C540, Standard for Power-Actuating Devices for Valves and Slide Gates). 12. Omission of stem covers (Sec ), if not required. 13. If a gate position indicator is to be provided with the actuator (Sec ). 14. Leakage tests in the shop (Sec ) and in the field (Sec ), if required. 15. Definition of any special design and construction required for conditions beyond the scope of this standard, such as throttling service or downward acting gates, including intended operation frequency and duration. 16. Frequency of operation and special operating conditions, such as ice formation. 17. An installation-requirement drawing showing clearances, wall thickness, details of wall pipe and thimble installation, and actuator location. 18. Affidavit of compliance and certification of design (Sec. 6.3). III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. ix

10 IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition include the following: 1. Open-channel, fabricated-metal weir gates have been added to the title and scope of the standard. 2. The gate size limitation has been removed (Sec. 1.1). 3. The maximum allowable design stress has been increased from 1 /5 of the ultimate strength to 1 /4 of the ultimate strength (Sec. 4). 4. The maximum allowable gate deflection has been increased to 1 /360 of the gate width (Sec ). 5. The information on field-leakage testing has been moved to the verification section (Sec ). V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Support Group at (303) , FAX (303) , or write to the group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO , or at standards@awwa.org. x

11 ANSI/AWWA C (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C513-97) AWWA Standard Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Slide Gates and Open-Channel, Fabricated-Metal Weir Gates SECTION 1: GENERAL Sec. 1.1 Scope This standard covers open-channel, fabricated-metal slide gates and openchannel, fabricated-metal weir gates for water supply service. This standard also covers manual slide lift mechanisms and standard gate appurtenances. Power-driven actuators are specified in ANSI/AWWA C540, Standard for Power-Actuating Devices for Valves and Slide Gates. Slide gates have ultra-high-moleculer-weight (UHMW) polyethylene bearing surfaces and may use either UHMW polyethylene or resilient rubber sealing surfaces as required to meet leakage requirements. The three basic types of gates include the following: 1. Upward opening, wall-mounted, end-of-channel gates. 2. Downward opening (weir), wall-mounted, end-of-channel gates. 3. Upward opening, embedded, or channel wall-mounted (existing structures only) gates. 1

12 2 AWWA C Sec. 1.2 Sec. 1.3 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for openchannel, fabricated-metal slide gates and weir gates for water supply service, including materials, general design, and testing. Application This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving open-channel, fabricated-metal slide gates and weir gates for water supply service and can be used as a guide for evaluating materials and designing, testing, and inspecting slide gates. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to open-channel, fabricated-metal slide gates and weir gates for water supply service. SECTION 2: REFERENCES This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. AISI * 1117 Standard for Resulfured Carbon Steel. AISI 4140 Standard for Alloy Steel. AISI 8620 Standard for Alloy Steel. ANSI /AWWA C540 Power-Actuating Devices for Valves and Slide Gates. ANSI/AWS D1.2/D1.2M Structural Welding Code Aluminum. ANSI/AWS D1.6 Structural Welding Code Stainless Steel. ASME Practical Guide ASME Section IV Welding Qualifications. ASTM A36/A36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel. ASTM A48 Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings. ASTM A53 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless. *American Iron and Steel Institute, th St., Ste. 1300, Washington, DC American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA

13 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 3 ASTM A123 Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products. ASTM A126 Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings. ASTM A240/A240M Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium- Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications. ASTM A666 Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar. ASTM A276 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes. ASTM A536 Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings. ASTM A582/A582M Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars. ASTM B26/B26M Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings. ASTM B139/B139M Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes. ASTM B209/B209M Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- Alloy Sheet and Plate. ASTM B221/B221M Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes. ASTM B241/B241M Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum- Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube. ASTM B308/B308M Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy 6061-T6 Standard Structural Profiles. ASTM B584 Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General Applications. ASTM D471 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property Effect of Liquids. ASTM D707 Standard Specification for Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Molding and Extrusion Compounds. ASTM D1149 Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber. ASTM D2000 Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications. ASTM D3935 Standard Specification for Polycarbonate (PC) Unfilled and Reinforced Material.

14 4 AWWA C ASTM D4020 Standard Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials. ASTM F593 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs. ASTM F594 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts. SSPC * SP10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast Cleaning. SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS The following definitions shall apply in this standard. 1. Constructor: The party that furnishes the work and materials for placement or installation. 2. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 3. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 4. Supplier: The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or may not be the manufacturer. 5. Slide gate: A slide gate is a device for controlling the flow of water consisting of a moving slide within a fixed frame and an actuator that controls the movement of the slide. 6. Weir gate: A downward opening slide gate where water flows over the top of the gate while the gate is sealed along the bottom and sides. SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS Sec. 4.1 Data to Be Furnished by the Manufacturer When required, the manufacturer shall submit for acceptance by the purchaser certified drawings showing the principal dimensions, general construction, and material used for all parts of the slide gate and lift mechanism. The manufacturer *Steel Structures Painting Council, 4516 Henry St., Ste. 301, Pittsburgh, PA NACE International, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, TX

15 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 5 shall also furnish illustrated catalog data and parts schedules in sufficient detail to serve as a guide for assembly and disassembly of the gate and for ordering repair parts. Slide gates shall be manufactured and furnished in accordance with these drawings after they have been accepted by the purchaser. Sec. 4.2 Sec. 4.3 Materials Physical and chemical properties. The requirements of AWWA, ANSI, ASTM, or other standards referenced in this standard shall govern the physical and chemical characteristics of the slide gate components. The minimum specified physical properties shall be used for calculations, unless certified material specifications can be supplied showing that the material used has better physical properties. Table 1 lists the minimum specified physical properties for aluminum and stainless steel used to fabricate slide gates. The maximum allowable design stresses to be used in gate design are derived from these properties. Greater allowable stresses may be used provided that certified material specification sheets are provided with gates (gate calculations) Tests. Whenever slide gate components are to be made in conformance with AWWA, ANSI, ASTM, or other standards that include test requirements or testing procedures, such requirements or procedures shall be met by the slide gate manufacturer. The records of such tests shall, if required by the purchaser, be made available to the purchaser Requirements. All materials designated in Table 2, when used in slide gates produced under the provisions of this standard, shall conform to the requirements of the standards designated for each material listed. General Design Gate frames Material. Members of the frame shall be made from aluminum or stainless steel Standard gate frame design. The gate frame shall be an extruded or welded unit composed of guide rails, flush seal supports, and cross-rails as required, with a clear opening the same size as the waterway, except for gates installed in existing channels. The guides shall be sufficiently rigid to support one-half the height of the slide when the gate is fully open and shall withstand the maximum design head with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and

16 6 AWWA C Table 1 Material properties Materials Properties Aluminum (a) Alloy 6061-T6 Ultimate tensile strength F tu = 42,000 psi (290 MPa) Yield strength F y = 35,000 psi (241 MPa) Ultimate shear strength τ u = 27,000 psi (186 MPa) Modulus of elasticity E = psi (68,950 MPa) Maximum allowable design stress Tensile: F a = 1 /4 F t = 10,500 psi (72.5 MPa) 3 /4 yield: 3 /4 F y = 26,250 psi (181 MPa) Shear: τ a = 1 /4 τ u = 6,750 psi (46.5 MPa) (b) Alloy 5083-H321 Ultimate tensile strength F tu = 44,000 psi (303 MPa) Yield strength F y = 31,000 psi (214 MPa) Ultimate shear strength τ u = 26,000 psi (179 MPa) Modulus of elasticity E = psi (68,950 MPa) Maximum allowable design stress Tensile: F a = 1 /4 F t = 11,000 psi (76 MPa) 3 /4 yield: 3 /4 F y = 23,250 psi (160 MPa) Shear: τ a = 1 /4 τ u = 6,500 psi (45 MPa) Stainless Steel * (a) Type 304/316 (annealed condition) Ultimate tensile strength F tu = 75,000 psi (517 MPa) Yield strength F y = 30,000 psi (207 MPa) Ultimate shear strength τ u = 40,000 psi (276 MPa) Modulus of elasticity E = psi (199,950 MPa) Maximum allowable design stress Tensile: F a = 1 /4 F t = 18,750 psi (129 MPa) 3 /4 yield: 3 /4 F y = 22,500 psi (155 MPa) Shear: τ a = 1 /4 τ u = 10,000 psi (69 MPa) (b) Type 304L/316L (annealed condition) Ultimate tensile strength F tu = 70,000 psi (482 MPa) Yield strength F y = 25,000 psi (172 MPa) Ultimate shear strength τ u = 37,000 psi (255 MPa) Modulus of elasticity E = psi (199,950 MPa) Maximum allowable design stress Tensile: F a = 1 /4 F t = 17,500 psi (120 MPa) 3 /4 yield: 3 /4 F y = 18,750 psi (129 MPa) Shear: τ a = 1 /4 τ u = 9,250 psi (64 MPa) *Dual certified type 304/304L and type 316/316L have properties as specified for type 304 and type 316 stainless steel.

17 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 7 Table 2 Materials list Materials Aluminum Gates Standards Aluminum plate ASTM B209/B209M alloy 6061-T6 or alloy 5083-H321 Aluminum angles, channels, and beams ASTM B308/B308M alloy 6061-T6 Aluminum bars, tubing, and special shapes ASTM B221/B221M alloy 6061-T6 or T6511 Aluminum pipe ASTM B241/B241M alloy 6061-T6 Stainless steel stems and stem couplings ASTM A276 type 304 or type 316, ASTM A582/A582M type 303 cond. A Fasteners, stainless steel ASTM F593 and F594 type 304 CW or type 316 CW Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene ASTM D4020 guides and seats Seals UHMW Polyethylene-ASTM D4020; Neoprene-ASTM D2000, grade 2BC , grade BE625; Polyurethane-ASTM D2000, grade BG-D1418; EPDM-ASTM D2000, grade CA-C864 Slide, plate and stiffeners, and guide and yoke Stainless steel stems and stem couplings Fasteners, stainless steel Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene guides and seats Stainless Steel Gates ASTM A or 304L, ASTM A or 316L and ASTM A240, type 304L and ASTM A240, type 316L ASTM A276, type 304, or type 316, ASTM A582/A582M, type 303, cond. A ASTM F593 and F594, type 304 CW, or type 316 CW ASTM D4020 Seals UHMW Polyethylene-ASTM D4020; Neoprene-ASTM D2000, grade 2BC , grade BE625; Polyurethane-ASTM D2000, grade BG-D1418; EPDM-ASTM D2000, grade CA-C864 Manual Lifts Housings, covers, baseplates, and pedestals Cast iron ASTM A126 class B or A48 class 30 Cast aluminum * ASTM B26/B26M, alloy 535 or alloy ZC81A Ductile iron ASTM A536 grade Lift nut Manganese bronze ASTM B584 alloy C86500 Handwheels and handcranks Cast iron ASTM A126 or A48 Ductile iron ASTM A536 grade Fabricated steel ASTM A36/A36M and A53 Cast aluminum ASTM B26/B26M, alloy 535 *Not recommended for use with stainless steel gates where aluminum is in direct contact with stainless steel. (Table continued next page)

18 8 AWWA C Table 2 Materials list (continued) Materials Standards Steel bevel and spur drive gears AISI 1117, 4140, or 8620 Input shafts Stainless steel ASTM A582/A582M type 303, type 304, or type 316 Stem covers Clear plastic ASTM D707 UVI Galvanized steel ASTM A53, galvanized per ASTM A123 Aluminum ASTM B221/B221M alloy T6511 or B241/B241M alloy 6061-T6 Polycarbonate ASTM D3935 Fabricated pedestals or torque tubes Steel ASTM A53 type A grade E pipe & ASTM A36/A36M plate Aluminum * ASTM B241/B241M alloy 6061-T6 pipe & ASTM B209/B209M alloy 6061-T651 plate Miscellaneous Appurtenance Top wall-mounting brackets Cast iron ASTM A126 class B or ASTM A48 class 30 Steel ASTM A36/A36M Stainless Steel ASTM A666 type 304L or 316L Cast iron wall-mounted stem guides ASTM A126 class B or ASTM A48 class 30 bushed per ASTM B139/B139M class 510 Nonrising stem thrust nuts Manganese bronze ASTM B584 alloy C86500 *Not recommended for use with stainless steel gates where aluminum is in direct contact with stainless steel. shear strength. The design head shall be a minimum of 1 ft (0.3 m) greater than the top of the slide. The frame shall be suitable for mounting to or being embedded in a concrete wall Self-contained gate frame. On a self-contained gate, the frame shall be as described previously, except that the guide rails shall extend above the slide fullopen position or above the top of the wall as shown on the plans, and shall have structural members welded or bolted between guides to form a yoke to support the gate slide actuator. The arrangement of the yoke shall be such that the slide and stem can be removed without damage to any gate components. For design purposes, the yoke shall be considered a simply supported beam with concentrated load at the center. The yoke shall be designed to withstand the thrust of the actuator when a 40-lb (178-N) effort is placed on the handwheel or crank,

19 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 9 with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength of the material. Yokes for hydraulic cylinders shall meet the above criteria at the output thrust at maximum working pressure (pressure relief valve setting). In addition to the above criteria for manual and hydraulic operation, yokes for electric actuators shall be designed for a safety factor of 1.5 with regard to yield strength at the locked-rotor torque of the actuator. Yoke deflection should not exceed 1/360 of gate width at maximum operating load. The actuator mounting and guide contact surfaces shall be accurately formed in order to ensure proper stem alignment Slides Material. Members of the slide shall be aluminum or stainless steel Standard slide design. The gate slide shall be a minimum 1 /4-in. (6.4-mm) thick flat plate, reinforced, if necessary, with horizontal structural shapes welded to the plate. The slide shall extend into the frame slide guide such that the maximum edge clearance between the slide and guide wall shall be 1 /8 in. (3.2 mm). For design purposes, the slide weldment shall be considered a series of simply supported beams stacked one above another for the height of the gate, and each having a uniformly distributed loading due to the head at the center of pressure of each individual section. The gate slide shall withstand the maximum design head, with the slide unrestrained along the invert or top, maintaining a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength of the plate, members, and welds. Also, gate deflection shall not be so great as to cause leakage in excess of that specified in Sec , but in no case shall it exceed 1 /360, the width of the gate when subjected to this head. The stem connection shall be of the clevis type, with (1) structural members welded to the slide and a bolt to act as pivot pin, (2) a threaded and bolted (or keyed) block welded to the slide, or (3) a threaded and bolted (or keyed) thrust nut support in a welded nut pocket. The stem connection shall be designed to withstand the thrust developed by the actuators as described in Sec , with a minimum safety factor of 4 based on the ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength of the material Nonrising stem design. Nonrising stem gate actuators are not recommended. Should the need arise, however, the slide shall be provided with a thrust pocket located above the gate opening to support a thrust nut and prevent it from turning. The stem shall not protrude into the opening of the gate when the slide is in the full open position. This requirement does not apply to downward opening

20 10 AWWA C weir gates. Openings shall be provided in the reinforcing ribs to permit passage of the stem. The ribs shall be enlarged or reinforced as necessary to meet the design requirements of Sec For the thrust pocket, strength criteria as specified in Sec shall apply Seating faces Material. Seating faces shall be made of strips of extruded shapes of ultraviolet-inhibited UHMW polyethylene Design. The bearing pressure shall not exceed 600 psi (4,137 kn\m 2 ) at any location on the seating face at the design head. In no case shall any seat-bearing area width be less than 3 /8 in. (9.5 mm). Seating faces shall be secured firmly in extruded grooves or otherwise mechanically retained in either the frame or the slide, but not both, to ensure that they remain in place and free from distortion or loosening during the life of the slide gate. Gate design must allow for jobsite replacement of seating faces, without removing the gate frame structure. Clearance between the seating faces is left to the discretion of the gate manufacturer, as long as the gate operates smoothly and does not exceed leakage requirements set forth in Sec Seals Material. The following shall apply to seal materials: 1. Seals used in the gate shall be UHMW polyethylene, neoprene, polyurethane, or EPDM. 2. Reclaimed rubber shall not be used. 3. Rubber compounds shall be capable of withstanding an ozone-resistance test when tested in accordance with ASTM D1149. The tests shall be conducted on unstressed samples for 70 hr at 104 F (40 C) without visible cracking in the surfaces of the test samples after the tests. 4. Rubber compounds shall have less than a two percent volume increase when tested in accordance with ASTM D471, after being immersed in distilled water at 73.4 F ± 2 F (23 C ± 1 C) for 70 hr Design. The use, shape, and method of attachment of seals shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer, as long as the following applies: 1. The seals, for gates less than 30 in. (0.75 m) wide, do not protrude into the specified waterway opening of the gate. 2. The seals are secured firmly to the gate to ensure that they will remain in place during the life of the slide gate.

21 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES The seals can be replaced at the jobsite without removing the gate frame from the structure. Seals may be mounted on either the frame or slide. The use of the seals may be in conjunction with or in addition to the seating faces, as long as the gate design provides for the maximum leakage as specified in Sec Assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts Material. Hardware shall be stainless steel Design. Assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts shall be of such size and spacing as required to provide for the hydraulic design and actuator thrust forces with a safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength. For wall-mounted gates using cinch or epoxy-type concrete anchors in pre-poured concrete, the allowable tensile and shear loads on the bolts shall not exceed those listed in International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) reports for the type of concrete anchor used Stems and stem couplings Material. The stem shall be stainless steel of the specified type Design. The operating stem shall be rising or nonrising and shall be designed to withstand a manual actuator (or electric motor actuator in manual mode) tension load due to the application of a 40-lb (178-N) effort on the crank or handwheel or a 50-ft-lb (68-N-m) effort on a wrench nut without exceeding one fifth of the ultimate tensile strength of the stem material. In compression, the operating stem shall be designed for a critical buckling compressive load assuming a 40-lb (178-N) effort on the crank or handwheel or a 50-ft-lb (67-N-m) torque on a wrench nut with a safety factor of 2. The critical buckling load shall be determined by using the Euler column formula, * where C = 2. Where hydraulic-cylinder actuators are used, the stem design force shall not be less than 1.25 times the output thrust of the hydraulic cylinder with a pressure equal to the maximum working pressure (pressure relief valve setting) of the hydraulic fluid supply. Where electric-motor-driven actuators are used, the stem design force shall not be less than 1.25 times the output thrust of the unit in the stalledmotor condition Threads. Stem threads shall be machine cut or rolled and of the American Standard general purpose acme or stubacme type. The thread spacing shall *Euler column formula: P = Cπ 2 EA ( r /1) 2, where P = axial load on stem, C defines end restraint conditions, E = modulus of elasticity, 1 = length or span between supports, r = radius or gyration, and A = area of stem.

22 12 AWWA C be selected to work effectively with the actuator used. On rising-stem gates with manual actuators, the top of the stem shall be provided with a stop collar, to be field adjusted according to the manufacturer s instructions at the time of gate installation to prevent over-closing of the gate Coupling. Where stems are furnished in more than one piece, the different sections shall be joined together by solid couplings. The couplings shall be threaded and keyed, threaded and bolted, or bolted only and shall be of equal or greater strength than the stem Downward-opening (weir) gates. For downward-opening applications where the gate is lowered to open, a stop collar or other positive means shall be provided to prevent the loss of the slide from the guides. A stop collar or other device shall be provided to prevent the weir from rising above the invert seal Stem guides General. Stem guides shall be constructed so that, when properly spaced, they will hold the stem in alignment and yet allow it enough play to permit easy operation. The inside diameter of the guide shall not be greater than 1 /8 in. (3.2 mm) larger than the outside diameter of the stem. The guides shall be spaced according to the manufacturer s recommendations for each stem size. The length/radius of the gyration ratio ( 1 /r) shall not be greater than 200. The guides shall be adjustable to provide proper concentric alignment with the stem and shall be designed so that alignment will be maintained after adjustment Gate-mounted guides. For extended-frame and self-contained gates, the stem guide support shall be a structural member bolted or welded between the two guide rails and spanning the distance between them. The guide portion shall be extruded or molded UHMW polyethylene or cast housing of the same material as the gate with UHMW polyethylene or solid bronze lining Wall- or ceiling-mounted guides. Support brackets and guide housings shall be cast iron, aluminum, or stainless steel. The guides shall be bronze or UHMW polyethylene lined, with provisions made to hold the lining in place. Brackets shall be attached to the wall by stainless steel anchor bolts designed to prevent the bracket from twisting or deflecting under the load Manual actuators Operation. The manual actuator shall have either a direct drive handwheel without reduction gearing or shall be crank-actuated with either single- or double-reduction gearing, as necessary to meet lifting capacity required. The actuator

23 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 13 shall be sized to permit slide operation with an effort of not more than 40-lb (178-N) pull on the handwheel/handcrank or 50 ft-lb (68-N-m) on the lift nut or input shaft, depending on the lift type. Maximum pull or torque to start the slide in motion must not exceed one and one-half times this amount. Components of the actuator shall be designed to withstand these input efforts or torques with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear forces General design. The actuator shall have a bronze lift nut threaded to fit the operating stem. Tapered roller or ball thrust bearings shall be provided above and below the flange on the lift nut to take the thrust developed during gate operation. Bearings (and gears) shall be enclosed in a cast iron, ductile iron, or cast aluminum housing with oil seals and O-rings or mechanical seals used to seal the unit. The actuator shall be supplied with a pedestal, torque tube, or baseplate, machined and drilled for mounting the lift housing and ready for bolting to the operating floor, top wall mounting bracket, or gate yoke, as required Gear-reduced actuators. The drive gears used in gear-reduction actuators shall be of steel and accurately machined, with cut teeth to provide smooth and proper operation. Input shafts shall be stainless steel and supported by tapered rollers or other roller-type bearings designed to withstand the radial and thrust loads generated during operation. Geared actuators shall be suitable for operation by use of a portable motor apparatus Crank/handwheel. The crank shall be removable and fitted with a corrosion-resistant rotating handle. The maximum crank radius shall be 15 in. (380 mm), and the maximum handwheel diameter shall be 30 in. (760 mm) Opening direction. The direction of wheel or crank rotation to open the gate shall be indicated on the actuator. Single-speed actuators shall open counterclockwise. Two-speed actuators shall open counterclockwise for the low mechanical-advantage gear ratio (high speed pinion shaft) Stem cover. Each rising-stem unit shall be provided with a stem cover unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. The cover shall be made of galvanized pipe, aluminum pipe, or a clear plastic pipe that will not discolor, crack, or become opaque for at least five years after installation. Slotted metal stem covers used to indicate position shall have clear plastic windows. The cover shall be of sufficient diameter and length to permit full travel of the threaded stem without obstruction. The top of the stem cover shall be closed. The bottom end of the stem

24 14 AWWA C cover shall be vented, drained, and mounted in a housing or adapter plate for easy field installation Indicator. When specified, each actuator for rising-stem gates with a solid galvanized or aluminum pipe cover and all actuators for nonrising-stem gates shall be provided with a dial or counter-type position indicator to show the position of the gate at all times. The indicator shall be geared to the actuator Dual actuators. Gates 48 in. (1,200 mm) and wider and having widths greater than twice their height shall be provided with dual stems and with two actuators connected by a tandem shaft for simultaneous operation. Cross shafting shall be stainless steel. Flexible couplings shall be provided at each end of the cross shaftings Powered actuators Speed of operation. The normal rate of movement of the slide during gate operation shall be in./min ( mm/min) under specified operating head conditions Coating. The power actuator shall be coated in accordance with Sec or Sec , depending on the actuator location Electric motor actuators. Electric motor actuators shall be per ANSI/AWWA C540, Sec. 3, except for speed of operation and finish, as previously noted Cylinder actuators. Except for speed of operation and finish previously noted, cylinder actuators shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C540, Sec. 4, with the exception of piston rods. Piston rods shall be 30,000 psi (206.8 MPa) minimum yield strength, type 303 or 304 stainless steel, hard chrome plated, in. ( mm) thick and shall have a 20-micro in. ( mm) finish or smoother. Sec. 4.4 Fabrication and Finish Workmanship. The gate slide and frame shall be fabricated to within 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) squareness, flatness, and dimensional tolerance with respect to gate opening. Attaching bolt holes shall be accurately located to mounting patterns indicated on the drawings and shall be drilled or punched and free of all burrs and defects. Machined parts shall be accurately machined with interchangeable parts, so that replacement parts can be furnished at any time and replaced in the field with minimal effort. Parts shall conform to the design dimensions and shall be free from

25 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 15 defects in material and workmanship. Castings shall be clean, sound, and without defects that could impair their function Welding Aluminum. Gates shall be welded using the welding process described in ANSI/AWS D1.2. Welding processes and welders shall be qualified and maintained as required by ANSI/AWS D1.2, Sec. 5. Welds shall be visually inspected in accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.2, Sections 6 and Stainless steel. Gates shall be welded using the welding process described in ANSI/AWS D1.6 and ASME Welding Code Sec. IX. Welding processes and welders shall be qualified and maintained as required by ANSI/AWS D1.6, Sec. 4. Welds shall be visually inspected in accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.6, Sec Additional inspection. No additional weld inspection is required unless specifically requested by the constructor or purchaser. If requested, the specific weld inspection shall be identified as required in reference to ANSI/AWS D1.2 or D Finish and coating General. Slide gates and appurtenances shall be free of all weld slag, spatter, grease, dirt, mill scale, or other substances that could interfere with gate operation or performance or greatly detract from its appearance. Aluminum and stainless steel shall have a mill or machined finish Aluminum. Areas of aluminum in contact with concrete shall be field painted with a minimum 3-mils high-solids epoxy paint suitable for potable water Cast iron and steel Cleaning and preparation. Surfaces shall be cleaned to SSPC SP10 and shall be dry and free from grease before painting in conformance with the paint manufacturer s instructions Submerged surfaces or surfaces subjected to splashing. After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer s shop with a minimum two-coat high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent suitable for use in potable water. After coated surfaces are dry, any machined or bearing surfaces and the holes, both plain and threaded, shall be coated with a protective grease suitable for potable water until time of installation.

26 16 AWWA C Exposed above-grade surfaces. After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer s shop with a high-solids epoxy protective coating or equivalent suitable for outdoor exposure. The coating does not have to be suitable for potable water Stainless steel Stainless steel does not require paint or coatings for corrosion resistance, and painting or coating is generally not recommended. Stainless parts shall be cleaned and free of grease and dirt, and stainless steel weldments shall be cleaned and free of slag, weld splatter, and heat tint discoloration. Sec. 4.5 Installation General. Care shall be taken to handle, store, and install the gate, actuator mechanism, stem, stem guides, and any other accessories in accordance with the manufacturer s drawings and recommendations. Care shall be taken to avoid warping the gate frame and to maintain tolerances between seating faces. Gates, stems, and actuators shall be plumbed, shimmed, and aligned accurately, in accordance with the manufacturer s installation instructions Surface protection. During construction, the surfaces of the gate, actuators, and appurtenances shall be covered or otherwise protected from concrete spillage, paint, oil, and debris. Any damage that occurs to the gate or appurtenance in storage or handling shall be corrected before installing or operating and testing the gate Actuator storage. If hydraulic-cylinder actuators are to be stored at the jobsite for one month or longer, the cylinders shall be filled with oil at the storage site. If oil-filled cylinders are stored horizontally, they shall be rotated at least once per month. If electric actuators are to be stored at the jobsite for one month or longer, provisions shall be made to energize the electrical enclosure strip heaters Initial operation Manually actuated gates. After the entire assembly of manually actuated gates has been installed, adjusted, and properly lubricated, each slide shall be operated for one complete cycle, open close open or close open close Electric motor actuator and switch setting. After installation of gates with electric motor actuators, torque switches shall be adjusted and limit switches shall be set according to the electric motor actuator manufacturer s recommendations. Alignment of the electric motor actuator with the gate shall be checked by opening the

27 OPEN-CHANNEL, FABRICATED-METAL SLIDE GATES 17 gate before water is turned into the gate chamber. The gate shall then be operated through one complete cycle, open close open or close open close Cylinder actuated gates. After installation of gates with hydrauliccylinder actuators, the alignment of the cylinder with the gate shall be checked by opening the gate before water is turned into the gate chamber. Binding or side thrust on the cylinder rod shall be eliminated to ensure proper cylinder operation and long life of the seals. All connections shall be carefully checked for leaks. After proper alignment has been obtained and the absence of leaks assured, the gate, submerged or subjected to normal operating heads, shall be checked through another complete cycle of operation, open close open or close open close. SECTION 5: VERIFICATION Sec. 5.1 Sec. 5.2 Inspection Work performed under the provisions of this standard shall be subject to inspection and approval by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have access to all places of manufacture where materials are produced or fabricated or where tests are conducted and shall be accorded full facilities for inspection and observation. Any slide gate or part that does not conform to the requirements of this standard shall be made satisfactory or shall be rejected and replaced. Testing General Two types of tests are required: Proof-of-design tests and performance tests. The purpose of the proof-of-design test is to prove that the design, material selection, and manufacture of the gate and actuator are suitable for the intended application as defined by this standard. The purpose of the performance test is to prove that each gate is in working order prior to shipment. Gates and actuators shall meet the requirements for each type of test Proof-of-design testing Gate Cycle testing. One production sample of a slide gate, 36 in. 36 in. (900 mm 900 mm) or larger, shall be tested for a minimum of 1,500 cycles. The gate shall be installed on a test fixture simulating the actual gate installation, then subjected to a head equal to the height of the gate, and the leakage measured to

28 18 AWWA C ensure that the leakage does not exceed that specified in Sec The gate shall then be opened and cycled open close through one-half of its stroke, using water mist only for seal lubrication. Once the test has started, no adjustments to the gate seals, frame, or other gate appurtenances are allowed. At the end of a minimum of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 cycles, the gate shall be fully closed and the head applied to the gate. Leakage shall be measured and, should leakage exceed that specified in Sec , the test shall be stopped, any adjustments or repairs made, and the test started over from the beginning. After a minimum of 1,500 cycles, measured leakage shall not exceed that specified in Sec , and seating surfaces or seals shall not show any signs of extreme wear Strength. One production sample of a slide gate, 36 in. 36 in. (900 mm 900 mm) or larger, with a headrail-mounted manual lift and stem normally used with that size of slide gate subjected to a head to the top of the slide, shall be tested to ensure design and fabrication. The gate shall be mounted on a test fixture simulating the actual gate installation without any additional anchoring or bracing, except for a stem to prevent buckling. The frame shall be freestanding with a minimum of 36 in. (914 mm) between the top anchorage point to the fixture and the top of the headrail. A mechanical stop between the frame and cover shall be used to prevent vertical upward movement, but not lateral movement, of the slide. The gate shall be subjected to a head to the top of the slide and an input force of 160 lb (710 N) on the handwheel/handcrank or a torque of 200 ft-lb (270 N-m) shall be applied directly to the lift nut of the direct drive-type lift or the input shaft of the gear reduced lift. Application of the load shall initially put the stem in tension and then in compression. No damage or permanent distortion to any member of welds, slide, frame, manual actuator, stem, attaching hardware, and so forth, shall occur due to this loading. No limit nuts shall be used on the stem during this test. Upon completion of the test with the stem in a relaxed condition, the leakage of the gate will be measured, without any adjustment to the seats, guides, mounting hardware, and so forth. Leakage shall not exceed that specified in Sec Manual actuators. One production sample of each size manual actuator used with any gate covered by this specification shall be tested. The actuator shall be rigidly mounted as it normally would be during operation, with a stem that is restrained from rotating, but not restrained from moving vertically. A 160-lb (710-N) pull to a handwheel or 200-ft-lb (270-N-m) input torque to the lift nut or input shaft of the gear-reduced lift mechanism shall be applied so that the stem is in