Stability of Precast/Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders
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1 Stability of Precast/Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders Roy L. Eriksson, P.E. - Eriksson Technologies, Inc. PCEF Committee - August 20, 2015, Raleigh, NC Copyright 2015 Eriksson Technologies, Inc. 1
2 Roy Eriksson, PE Roy L. Eriksson, P.E., is President of Eriksson Technologies, Inc. Based in Tampa with a branch office in Denver, Eriksson is a full-service structural engineering firm with special expertise in the precast/prestressed concrete market. Roy has over 30 yrs experience in structural engineering with extensive design and detailing experience in precast/prestressed concrete. Eriksson Technologies has a practice group devoted to fabricator support. Eriksson@LRFD.com 2
3 Stability Overview Girder Stability: Who is Responsible? Stages in the Life of a Girder Types of Stability Brief Overview of Theory Lifting Hardware Ways to Improve Stability Stakeholder Roles & Responsibilities 3
4 Stability: Who s Responsible? Owner? Engineer of Record? Fabricator? Trucking Company? Erector? Contractor? 4
5 Stages in the Life of a Girder Release of Prestress Lifting Girder from Bed Moving Girder to Storage Storing Girder Hauling Girder Erection Erected Girder 5
6 Stages in the Life of a Girder 6
7 Stages in the Life of a Girder 7
8 Stages in the Life of a Girder 8
9 Stages in the Life of a Girder 9
10 Stages in the Life of a Girder 10
11 Stages in the Life of a Girder 11
12 Lateral Stability Two basic cases: - Hanging beams - Supported beams This presentation deals with hanging beams Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams (Mast 1989) - Lateral bending stability of beams - Not lateral-torsional buckling, as with steel beams 12
13 Lateral Stability Torsional stiffness of prestressed concrete beams >> steel beams Therefore, assume P/S beams are torsionally rigid Lateral bending stability of beams For P/S beams, we are mainly concerned with: - Statical equilibrium of the system - Ability of the beam to resist lateral bending Cracking Flexural strength 13
14 Theory of Stability Roll Axis Roll Equilibrium Factors of Safety 14
15 Roll Axis Between Lift Points CG Under Roll Axis 15
16 Roll Equilibrium 16
17 Factors of Safety FS against cracking: 1.0 FS against failure:
18 Factors Influencing Stability - Lifting Type of girder Girder length Lifting points Amount of prestress Material Properties 18
19 Factors Influencing Stability - Transport Type of girder Girder length Amount of prestress Material Properties Truck type, properties Roadway geometry 19
20 Lifting Hardware Strand lifters Commercially available lifters Special Hardware 20
21 Strand Lifters Pros Inexpensive Readily available - Typically made inplant Variable sizing: - Variable stand dia. - # strands/lifter - # lifters/end Cons Deterioration Fabrication tolerance Placement tolerance Load distribution to each lifter 21
22 Strand Lifters 22
23 Commercial Lifters Pros Reliable Corrosion resistant Cons Higher cost Somewhat limited capacity 23
24 Special Hardware Pros Corrosion resistant High capacity Quick connect Cons Requires coordination with designer Engineered system 24
25 Improving Stability Adjust lift point location Raise roll axis Add top strands Brace top flange Increase f c Increase I yy (i.e., change beam) 25
26 Move Lift Points Reduces distance between roll axis and CG Easiest, most effective Need to check stresses! 26
27 Raise Roll Axis Raise roll axis above the top of the girder Requires special hardware 27
28 Add Top Strands Add 2 to 6 strands to top flange Can be pretensioned to post-tensioned Strands can be fully or partially stressed Add mid-span debonding if necessary to pretensioned strands Coordinate with EOR! 28
29 Add Top Strands 29
30 Add Top Strands 30
31 Allowable Stresses Allowable tension Allowable compression What are appropriate limit? EOR vs. fabricator Impact factors 31
32 Impact Factors Handling in yard - Under fabricator s control - Range: During transport - Dependent upon many variable Higher speed Variable road condition - Range: Truck Barge Rail 32
33 Brace Top Flange Bolt a transversely-oriented steel truss to top flange of girder Increases lateral stiffness Labor-intensive Last resort 33
34 Rigging Single-crane pick Two-crane pick 34
35 PCI Resources PCI Girder Stability Subcommittee - Glenn Myers, P.E., Chair Lateral Stability Guidelines for Prestressed Concrete Girders Excel Spreadsheet Tool Upcoming Training William N. Nickas, P.E. - Managing Director, Transportation Systems 35
36 Questions? LRFD.com 36
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