7 th Annual North American Passive House Conference September 27-30, 2012 Denver CO

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1 7 th Annual North American Passive House Conference September 27-30, 2012 Denver CO Jason Morosko CPHC UltimateAir Inc.

2 7 th Annual North American Passive House Conference September 27-30, 2012 Denver CO Session Learning Objectives: Design factors for residential earth air tubes Heating/cooling capacity for residential earth tubes Cost economics and payback py Data collection results and methods

3 EARTH TUBES: Heating/Cooling/Dehumidification capacity, Design, and Experimental Dt Data Jason Morosko UltimateAir Inc Athens, Ohio

4 About Me: Jason Morosko, MSME, Certified Passive House Consultant Manufacturer/Designer of energy recovery ventilation equipment High performance home design consultant, specialty in envelop/mechanicals PH project:

5 ABSTRACT This presentation will focus on three residential earth tube designs as installed and operated in North America detailing their costs, design factors, climate, capacity to heat and cool as measured and extrapolating this to a calculation methodology for predicting overall viability of earth tubes in the North American Market.

6 Earth Air Tube: An earth tube is a form of heat exchanger which harvests heat (hot and cool) from the ground, direct to the air. Also called a Ground Air Heat Exchanger. Design Considerations 1. Conductive heat exchange Soil and pipe properties 2. Water removal Gravity drain / sump / french drain and gravel bed 3. Cleaning of the tubes 4. End result design driven 5. High water table 6. Radon

7 PROJECT 1. Location: Athens, Ohio 6500 HDD Tube type: 8 SDR 35 PVC [standard sewer pipe] pp Tube length: two runs 100 foot each Tube Depth: 5 feet to daylight [nominal] Description: Two pipes side by side with 8 separation, 6 down. Entering the shell below the footer and up through the concrete slab. Pipes each have 1 90 degree elbow and one 45 degree elbow. They slope away from the building and protrude out of a bank where water drainage occurs. Filter box to be installed at the outside air intake (not complete). Measurements are on one pipe only. One pipe is currently in use.

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9 PROJECT 1. CONCEPT PLAN VIEW 2 Wide 5 Deep with pipes at edges of trench

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13 PROJECT 1. RESULTS From one 100 tube will second tube double capacity? From one 100 tube will second tube double capacity? air/water tight drained to daylight relatively straight pipe

14 PROJECT 2. Location: Philadelphia, PA 5000 HDD Tb Tube type: 6 corrugated tdpolyethylene l pipe [standard drain pipe] Tube length: 780 feet at two elevations Tube Depth: feet Description: Two levels of three pipes, all six inch in diameter. Placed in a serpentine manner around the footing excavation and under the garage slab. Backfill around pipes was 1B drainage aggregate, and a layer of landscape fabric between layers and above the upper layer. 130 X 6. Designed in conjunction with Larry Larsonhttp:// Blog: passivehousepa.blogspot.com passivehousepa@gmail.com

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22 PROJECT 2. RESULTS

23 PROJECT 2. RESULTS 203 ft/min air velocity (very low) Increased surface area due to pipe corrugation Increased turbulence (air bouncing off of pipe walls) due to serpentine installation Installation in gravel bed From Owner Project 2, Bob Rosania: The project is a 6600 TFA PH level shell. Current ACH50 of Walls R58 Under Slab R45 Roof R92. Currently temperature stabilizes at 73 F without active cooling (summer hot/humid, PA) Need minor amount of dehumidification but expect this to dissipate as home ages and the materials inside acclimate.

24 PROJECT 3. Location: Ottawa, Canada 8050 HDD Tube type: 8 SDR35REHAU REHAU ECOAIR pipe antimicrobial i Tube length: 180 feet Tube Depth: Average of 5 feet Description: Single 180 run. Sloping toward the building with condensate pump inside degree elbows.

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30 PROJECT 3. RESULTS low humidity outside resulting in little latent performance 430 ft/min air velocity

31 RESULTS

32 COMMENTS and SUMMARY This is a snapshot of data and analysis of three ground tube heat exchangers. Listed herein are peak capacities of relatively new systems. Peak capacity relates what we can expect on extreme days. The capacity is a calculation of the energy transfer between the ground and the air stream within the pipe. From this data, we can surmise the capacity of these independent systems against one another and anticipate peak capacity. Each system is different in climate, soil type and tube design so direct comparison of any single design aspect is not possible. Further work needs to include yearly performance on an hourly basis to calculate yearly kwh benefits to the building. Differentiation between cooling/heating of the outside air versus cooling and heating of the building need to be separated and calculated.

33 COMMENTS and SUMMARY There are at least two distinct loads to attempt to eliminate with the introduction of an earth tube. (1) is the building cooling load and (2) is the defrost requirement for an air to air heat exchanger (ventilation) system. The design of the earth tube would be significantly different if choosing to eliminate just one of the above loads versus the other. From the results documented it should be completely viable for an earth tube to cover the defrost requirements in the continental US. From the results documented more study will need to be done to determine if a system can be designed for main stream cooling.

QUOTE Quote Process City Of Taylor

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS QUOTE Quote Process City Of Taylor Budget & Finance Dept. Purchasing Manager: RMM 23555 Goddard Road Taylor, MI 48180 734-374-1459 The City of Taylor Central Purchasing Division