Special Committee on Bay-Delta Item 3b, June 24, 2014

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1 Special Committee on Bay-Delta Item 3b, June 24, 2014

2 Bay-Delta Tunnel Option Overview Seismic Design Criteria Tunnel Liner System Historic Seismic Performance of Tunnels Summary 2

3 West Option 36 miles canal 17 miles tunnel Pipeline/Tunnel Option 30 miles main tunnel East Option 42 miles canal 2 miles tunnel Through-Delta Option Separate Corridors 3

4 Sacramento Intakes Intermediate Forebay Clifton Court Forebay (CCF) North Tunnels Main Tunnels Stockton North Tunnels Intakes to Intermediate Forebay 20 ft. and 29 ft. inside diameter 14 miles long Main Tunnels Intermediate Forebay to Clifton Court Forebay 150 feet underground 40 feet inside diameter 30 miles long 4

5 Hoover Dam Diversion Tunnel (50-foot inside diameter) Port of Miami Tunnel (40-foot inside diameter) 5

6 Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) Concrete Segmental Liner Earth Pressure Balancing Tunnel Boring Machine Continuous ground stabilization during advance One-pass liner: concrete segments form complete rings built behind TBM 6

7 Preliminary ground explorations Evaluations of seismic parameters Seismic design criteria based on: 1. Water system reliability 2. Bay Area seismicity 3. Tunnel system performance Constructability 7

8 Water conveyance system has higher standards of seismic performance than regular structures After an earthquake event, water system shall remain operational To ensure reliability, Delta Tunnel designed for: Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) Operational performance after a major event 8

9 Hayward Fault Delta Tunnel Historic earthquakes: 1906 San Francisco 1989 Loma Prieta Delta Tunnel does not cross any known active faults San Andreas Fault Probability of a M6.5 earthquake in the next 18 years = 66% 9

10 Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) Largest magnitude event (all sources considered) San Andreas M 7.8 Hayward M 7.0 Antioch/Midland Zone M 6.5 Location and distance of fault rupture Probabilities of occurrence Site-specific ground conditions at the tunnel 10

11 Over 4 decades of research Underground structures suffer less damage than surface structures Deeper tunnels less vulnerable than shallow pipelines Lined tunnels are safer than unlined tunnels Segmental liner has better performance among all tunnels Localized fault crossing requires special design (Delta Tunnel does not cross any known active faults) 11

12 12

13 Designed for maximum ground movement State of the art computer modeling analysis 13

14 1994 Northridge EQ (M6.7) 1995 Kobe Earthquake (M6.9) 1999 Athens Earthquake (M5.9) 1999 Taiwan Earthquake (M7.6) 14

15 Earthquake Magnitude Surface Acceleration Tunnel Tunnel Damage Northridge M g L.A. Metro None Kobe M g Isobe Dori Minor spalling Athens M g Athens Metro None Chi-Chi M g Taipei Metro None Research concluded that segmental liner experience no or very little damage for ground accelerations up to 0.5g* Delta Tunnels design based on magnitude M7.8 - M6.5 (San Andreas, Hayward, Midland) with g * Dean et al, 2006, IAEG 15

16 Tunnel MCE ground accelerations are within tunnel liner structural capacity Lower acceleration at depth compared to surface No liquefaction expected: Tunnel depth is well below liquefiable soil layer Open Channel Embankment Higher seismic force due to height amplification Potential liquefaction Slope instability from strong earthquake ground motions 16

17 TBM Diameter (ft) (TBM Outside Diameter) Hubertus Barcelona Miami SMART BayDelta* Madrid Yangtze Sparvo Seattle** *Planned (40 ft ID) **Under Construction 17

18 Delta segmental liner will perform well in seismic events because: Continuous underground support stabilizes tunnel Advances in TBM technology & ring-build precision High quality/high strength concrete segments Improved gasket performance for water tightness Bolted segment joints provide strength and flexibility to accommodate earthquake motions Seismic performance research based on: Engineering analytical model Post-earthquake damage observations 18

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