ISU Spring Transportation Seminar Series April 1, Mark Mahan, PhD, P.E. Ron Bromenschenkel, P.E. California Department of Transportation
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1 ISU Spring Transportation Seminar Series April 1, 2016 IMPLEMENTING SEISMICALLY ROBUST ACCELERATED BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION in CALIFORNIA Mark Mahan, PhD, P.E. Ron Bromenschenkel, P.E. California Department of Transportation BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 1
2 San Mateo-Hayward Bridge Widening (2002) Up to 270 feet of structure completed per week 5.15 mile long portion of south bay crossing PC Hollow Piles PC Cap Tubs PC Girders PC Deck Forms BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 2
3 California Experience: Three major California earthquakes. Influence of earthquakes on Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria (SDC). Concepts of Confinement, Continuity, and Balance in the SDC. Proof of Ductility in California Columns. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 3
4 1971 San Fernando EQ: Collapse of multiple structures including Route I-5/I-405 Separation Structure resulted in a drastic increase in Confinement reinforcement in columns. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 4
5 Caltrans pre columns, 1994 damage. Caltrans new confined columns Confinement: Caltrans SDC C > D BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 5
6 Caltrans post-1989 Column Testing BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 6
7 Caltrans post-1989 Column Testing BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 7
8 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake: The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge lost a deck segment due to insufficient hinge seat. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 8
9 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake: The Cypress Viaduct collapsed partly due to excessive joints in the structure BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 9
10 Caltrans columns and shafts, new construction BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 10
11 Caltrans hinge seat, before 1971 Continuity: Caltrans SDC and Equation 7.5, minimum 24 seat width for in-span hinges and Equation 7.46, minimum 30 at abutments. Caltrans Cast-In-Place, post-tensioned box girder bridges have excellent continuity and framing. They meet the SDC requirements. Do Pre-Cast bridges meet the continuity requirements? BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 11
12 1994 Northridge Earthquake: I- 5/SR-14 collapse, lack of stiffness and mass Balance from bent to bent. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 12
13 1994 Northridge Earthquake: I-5/SR-14 collapse. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 13
14 Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria Balance: Caltrans SDC 7.1.1, Any two bents or columns: k e m i j 0.50 k e m j i BENT 2 FRAME 1 FRAME 2 BENT 3 BENT 4 BENT 5 BENT 6 T 1 T 2 m 2 m3 m 4 m 5 m 6 k 2 k 3 k 4 k 5 k 6 Adjacent bents or columns: k e m i j 0.75 k e m j i k 2 k 1 BENT 3 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 14
15 UCSD 4-foot Diameter Column Test BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 15
16 UCSD 4-foot Diameter Column Test Videos 3, 5, 10 are shown as examples of performance Test ID EQ Record Magnitude Scale Table PGA Target Ductility 2 Loma Prieta Loma Prieta Kobe-Takatori Kobe-Takatori ? 8 Kobe-Takatori ? 9 Kobe-Takatori ? 10 Kobe-Takatori ? BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 16
17 UCSD 4-foot Diameter Column Test Video 3 at ductility demand of 4 Video 5 at ductility demand of 8 Video 10 at ductility demand beyond 8 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 17
18 Summary of Cast-In-Place (CIP) practice Single Column Bents supported on fixed foundation μd 4 Multi-Column Bents supported on fixed or pinned footings μd 5 Columns designed for ductility values of 4 and 5 are proved to perform to ductility values of 8 to 10 in laboratory testing. CIP post-tensioned box girder and properly detailed PC bridges can meet the above seismic requirements. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 18
19 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 19
20 40,000,000 Western States Population: US Census Bureau CA 35,000,000 30,000,000.California 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000.Washington.Arizona.Utah.Nevada.Alaska 10,000,000 5,000, WA AZ UT NV AK BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 20
21 CISN ShakeMap Loma Prieta EQ M6.9 October lives lost $ 6,000,000,000 damage CISN ShakeMap Napa EQ M6.0 August lives lost $ 1,000,000,000 damage (est) BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 21
22 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 22
23 ABC Column Connection Research PC Column with partially debonded bars plunged into UHPC filled voids Testing at University of Nevada, Reno BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 23
24 PC Girder Continuity through Bent Caps BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 24
25 PC Girder Continuity through Bent Caps BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 25
26 ISOLATED ABC BRIDGE LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 26
27 ISOLATED ABC BRIDGE LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 27
28 PC Shear Key Concept (2013) BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 28
29 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 29
30 Proposed Type II shaft with PC Column BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 30
31 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 31
32 CA BRIDGE DECK REPAIR Misc, 307, 7% Replace, 2, 0% Patch Spalls, 1009, 23% Potholes, 90, 2% Rehab, 100, 2% Resurface, 109, 3% Overlay, 188, 4% Methacrylate, 2646, 59% BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 32
33 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 33
34 Caltrans positive moment connections for joining PC girders to bent caps are based on proof testing done at Iowa State University. Six details are being developed to provide designers with options at different ABC (and non-abc) sites. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 34
35 PC Girder Continuity Hwy 50, El Dorado Hills, CA (2013) Strand tails lapped and hooked, then tied into place for longitudinal continuity BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 35
36 PC multi-column bents using pinned bases can offer construction fit-up tolerance challenges.. This detail allows the PC column to be spun or shifted to better align with top of column bars being inserted into a PC cap. PC Column with adjustable Pipe Pin base BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 36
37 Excerpt from two-span Caltrans ABC pilot project featuring PC columns, inverted T bent cap, and PC girders. Looped strand girder continuity detail used. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 37
38 Excerpt from second two-span Caltrans ABC pilot project featuring PC columns, drop-bent cap, and PC girders. Hooked strand girder continuity detail used. BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 38
39 Comments? Questions? BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 39
40 BACKGROUND RESEARCH DETAILS GUIDANCE PROJECTS 40
41 41
42 42
43 43
44 44
45 45
46 6 -diameter column/shaft test at UCLA 46
47 6 -diameter column/shaft test at UCLA 47
48 48
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