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NEW PUBLIC LIBRARY 2011 BSA Sustainable Design Awards LOCATION Cambridge, MA TYPE New Addition and Renovation of Public Library RE-USE OF AN HISTORIC LANDMARK At the heart of the project is the

INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS As lead architect, our rm worked with numerous specialty consultants, the library director, library staff, owner s project manager, community and City design review

1 NEW PUBLIC LIBRARY 2011 BSA Sustainable Design Awards LOCATION Cambridge, MA TYPE New Addition and Renovation of Public Library RE-USE OF AN HISTORIC LANDMARK At the heart of the project is the restoration of the City s original Main Library designed in 1889 by Van Brunt & Howe Saving this structure conserves material resources but more importantly preserves an important cultural treasure INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS As lead architect, our rm worked with numerous specialty consultants, the library director, library staff, owner s project manager, community and City design review committees, the neighborhood development council, and the historical commission. Over 50 public meetings were held through the design process. TYPE OF CLIENT Municipality PROGRAM & SPECIAL CONSTRAINTS The New Public Library includes a striking new glass building of 76,700 gsf joined to the restored 27,200 gsf landmark, designed in 1887 by Van Brunt and Howe and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building has capacity for over 275,000 books, 90 computer stations, reservable meeting rooms, and a 220 seat auditorium. The project includes an underground parking garage (70 spaces) and the restored Joan Lorentz Park. COMPLETION DATE 2009 CONSTRUCTION COST $69M A UNIQUE HIGH-PERFORMANCE DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE Among the rst of its type in the U.S., the double-skin facade (two surfaces of glass, creating an insulated airspace) is a multi-story (full height), full depth (3 ), thermal ue. The facade allows for complete transparency while ensuring protection from excessive heat gain, heat loss, and glare. Energy Savings and Comfort: The facade saves energy (50% reduction compared with a conventional curtainwall) and maximizes comfort at the reading spaces. The 3 airspace can be open in summer to keep heat from entering the building and closed in the winter to create an insulating thermal blanket; Natural Light: The facade brings a signi cant amount of balanced natural light into the library, carefully controlled by xed and movable sunshades; Natural Ventilation: Operable windows in the facade allow for fresh air throughout the year (even in winter) without insect screens blocking and without concern for stolen books. In the winter, spring and fall, the windows allow heat from the cavity to be brought into the building. OPEN SPACE ENHANCEMENTS The project includes a signi cant renovation of a 4 acre City Park surrounding the library. The preserved open space is over six times the footprint (27,000 sf) of the 102,000 sf library. Parking is located underground, expanding the land available for the park, eliminating stormwater runoff from the parking lot, and reducing the urban heat island effect by shading 100% of the parking area with parkscape A 33,000 sf green roof an intensive type with 4 of soil to allow tree planting covers the underground parking The building and an underground garage were con gured to save two 50 tall European Beech trees in the park After a building expansion that tripled the area of the original building, the park actually grows in area by a half acre STORMWATER MANAGEMENT A 350,000 gallon stormwater retention tank, located under the park, provides stormwater management for a 3-square mile section of the City surrounding the site SEE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN SUMMARY AT END OF SUBMISSION FOR COMPLETE TEXT SITE PLAN The Library anchors a major civic park, as well as surrounding public spaces, including a public high school and playground. With dedicated parking for low-emissions vehicles and bike storage, the Library is sited on 5 major public bus routes and is a short walk from a major subway hub. OLD AND NEW BUILDINGS SIT SHOULDER-TO-SHOULDER ON CIVIC PARK

LIBRARY IN THE PARK The new building expands upon the idea of Library in the Park

A double-skin curtainwall maximizes visual transparency from the park into the

The Library s strong connection to surrounding public spaces extends to a

reinforcing the building as the new Civic Heart of the community.

3 LIBRARY IN THE PARK The new building expands upon the idea of Library in the Park by bringing the park into the library. A double-skin curtainwall maximizes visual transparency from the park into the library, and from library reading areas out to the park. The Library s strong connection to surrounding public spaces extends to a community playground and a public highschool (both adjacent to the site), reinforcing the building as the new Civic Heart of the community. Louvers enhance daylighting Double-skin facade and column-free perimeter maximize transparency, while natural materials including maple and Vals quartzite oor create a sense of warmth

CIVIC FACE CELEBRATING TRANSPARENCY Double-skin curtainwall

orientation, ensuring thermal comfort in perimeter reading

Ground oor spaces in the new building are at grade with the

4 CIVIC FACE CELEBRATING TRANSPARENCY Double-skin curtainwall achieves a remarkable transparency in spite of southwest orientation, ensuring thermal comfort in perimeter reading areas. Ground oor spaces in the new building are at grade with the park, bringing the public realm into the building, in contrast to the historic building, which is raised 3-6 above park level

5 DOUBLE-SKIN CURTAINWALL Maximizes patron thermal comfort in reading areas along the glass Introduces signi cant daylighting deep into building Saves energy (50% reduction compared with conventional curtain wall)

DOUBLE-SKIN CURTAINWALL: HOW IT WORKS Outer skin Inner skin Operable aluminum louvers

Operable windows Intake trench with operable damper Winter Air Flow 1 Closed louvers shield

skin cavity 2 3 2 Bay Detail 3 Air within cavity heats up, effectively creating thermal

Upper and lower vents can be opened or closed to modulate temperature of cavity 2 Operable

the double skin cavity and providing shade to building 1 4 2 2 1 Double-skin cavity, catwalk

double skin cavity through open lower vents 3,4 Air heats up and rises within cavity,

6 DOUBLE-SKIN CURTAINWALL: HOW IT WORKS Outer skin Inner skin Operable aluminum louvers Operable windows Glass visors Structural ladder frame Operable aluminum louvers Glass visors Operable windows Intake trench with operable damper Winter Air Flow 1 Closed louvers shield from low angled sun glare into building 2 Closed top and bottom vents trap air inside double skin cavity Bay Detail 3 Air within cavity heats up, effectively creating thermal barrier between external and internal environments 1 Spring/Fall Air Flow Summer Air Flow 1 Upper and lower vents can be opened or closed to modulate temperature of cavity 2 Operable windows allow natural ventilation 1 High angled sun is caught by horizontal louvers, heating the double skin cavity and providing shade to building Double-skin cavity, catwalk for window cleaning Aluminum louvers, adjustable to two positions 2 Cooler air is drawn into double skin cavity through open lower vents 3,4 Air heats up and rises within cavity, creating chimney effect and drawing hot air away from building mass Louvers adjust to low sun angle

DOUBLE-SKIN CURTAINWALL: DESIGN PROCESS 1.

technology: 3-0 Deep Airspace: provides added insulating depth and enables maintenance access

sun s heat energy before it enters the conditioned building.

technology in Germany and London to determine how best to adapt this technology to a library.

transparency, thermal comfort, glare control, maintainability, and energy savings that were

Dusseldorf Stadttor, Dusseldorf ARUP Of ces, London Victoria Ensemble, High Rise - type 1 Victoria

STATES: To date, approximately 12 major double skin facades in a variety of con gurations have been

Cambridge, MA (2009) 3-0 Multi-story ue with xed sunshades in the cavity: Occidental Chemical

Information Commons, Loyola University, Chicago IL (2008) 3-0 Multi-story ue - no sunshades in the

Medical School, Worcester, MA (2004) Seattle Justice Center, Seattle, WA (2002) Yazaki North

Center, Cambridge, MA (2003) University of Michigan Biomedical Science Research Building Art

7 DOUBLE-SKIN CURTAINWALL: DESIGN PROCESS 1. First US project to incorporate all key ingredients of advanced European double-skin curtainwall technology: 3-0 Deep Airspace: provides added insulating depth and enables maintenance access Multi-story Thermal Flue: the greater height improves natural convection and makes the heat capture and exhaust more ef cient. Movable 1-0 Deep Sunshades: locating the blinds in the protected cavity allows them to collect the sun s heat energy before it enters the conditioned building. The lightweight aluminum louvers can be motorized to provide glare protection at all sun angles (important on a southwest exposure). 2. European examples of this type: The design team visited over 10 buildings with double-skin technology in Germany and London to determine how best to adapt this technology to a library. This research revealed the advantages of this type of double facade in providing the level of transparency, thermal comfort, glare control, maintainability, and energy savings that were important for the library: Bayer Headquarters Leverkusen, Germany Post Tower, Bonn Germany Helicon, London, England 3. Other projects visited by design team: ARAG 2000, Dusseldor Sparkasse Dusseldorf Seestern, Dusseldorf Stadttor, Dusseldorf ARUP Of ces, London Victoria Ensemble, High Rise - type 1 Victoria Ensemble, Low rise - type 2 Victoria House, Cologne TYPOLOGIES OF DOUBLE-SKIN FACADES IN THE UNITED STATES: To date, approximately 12 major double skin facades in a variety of con gurations have been constructed: 3-0 Multi-story ue deep operable sunshades in the cavity: New Public Library, Cambridge, MA (2009) 3-0 Multi-story ue with xed sunshades in the cavity: Occidental Chemical Building, Niagra Falls, NY (1982) 3-0 Multi-story ue with operable narrow sunshades in the cavity: Information Commons, Loyola University, Chicago IL (2008) 3-0 Multi-story ue - no sunshades in the cavity: Foundry Square, San Francisco, CA (2003) New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (2004) Seattle Justice Center, Seattle, WA (2002) Yazaki North American, Canton, MI (2000) 3-0 Deep Corridor Style: Air ow contained to single story Genzyme Center, Cambridge, MA (2003) University of Michigan Biomedical Science Research Building Art Institute of Chicago - Modern Wing, Chicago, IL (2009) Cleveland Art Gallery, Cleveland OH (2009) Narrow +/- 8 deep System: Manulife Financial, Boston, MA (2003) FABRICATION AND ENGINEERING BY LEADING EXPERTS IN EUROPEAN DOUBLE SKIN TECHNOLOGY Thermal model, created by the facade engineer The facade was fabricated in Gundel ngen, Germany. Prior to fabrication, a full scale mock-up of the facade was constructed and tested for air in ltration, pressure, water penetration, and seismic deformation

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Structural ladder frame erection Structural ladder

installed Outer glass skin installed ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT A UNIQUE

(50 % reduction compared with a conventional curtainwall) and maximizes

The 3 airspace can be open in summer to keep heat from entering the building

Light: The facade brings a signi cant amount of balanced natural light into

Natural Ventilation: Operable windows in the facade allow for fresh air

8 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Structural ladder frame erection Structural ladder frame Structural ladder frame Glass visor installation Inner glass skin installed Outer glass skin installed ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT A UNIQUE HIGH-PERFORMANCE FACADE Energy Savings and Comfort: The facade saves energy (50 % reduction compared with a conventional curtainwall) and maximizes comfort at the reading spaces. The 3 airspace can be open in summer to keep heat from entering the building and closed in the winter to create an insulating thermal blanket; Natural Light: The facade brings a signi cant amount of balanced natural light into the library, carefully controlled by xed and movable sunshades. Natural Ventilation: Operable windows in the facade allow for fresh air throughout the year (even in winter) without insect screens blocking and without concern for stolen books. In the winter, spring and fall, the windows allow heat from the cavity to be brought into the building. Double Skin Components 1 Exterior Glazing 2 Interior Glazing 3 Structural Frame 8 Maintenance Catwalks SHADING ELEMENTS VENTILATION ELEMENTS 4 Operable Sun Shade 6 Lower Operable Ventilation 5 Sun Shade Canopy 7 Upper Operable Ventilation

A DEMOCRATIC AND POPULIST LIBRARY The building establishes the

democratic building with open and accessible spaces that are easy to

Patron seating along the building s highly transparent façade conveys

9 A DEMOCRATIC AND POPULIST LIBRARY The building establishes the Library as the Civic Heart of the community a fundamentally democratic building with open and accessible spaces that are easy to navigate. Patron seating along the building s highly transparent façade conveys a sense of invitation and welcome. Main entrance opens to a major civic park, which serves as an important outdoor gathering place for the community

Room in historic1889 Van Brunt and Howe building OPEN TRANSPARENT ADDITION:

10 INTEGRATING HISTORIC AND NEW BUILDINGS THROUGH CONTRAST: PROVIDING A DIVERSITY OF PUBLIC SPACES SOLID ENCLOSING SPACE: Rigorous renovation of Main Reading Room in historic1889 Van Brunt and Howe building OPEN TRANSPARENT ADDITION: Innovative double-skin curtain wall provides views to city park and natural daylight

A RIGOROUS RESTORATION OF HISTORIC SPACES A rigorous restoration of the Main Reading Room resulted in a warm, inviting space

The deep, rich Victorian color scheme was reinstated and oak woodwork was restored.

On the upper walls of the historic rooms, a series of restored WPA (Works Progress Administration) murals painted in 1934 by

11 A RIGOROUS RESTORATION OF HISTORIC SPACES A rigorous restoration of the Main Reading Room resulted in a warm, inviting space for readers of all ages that offers a contrast to the reading areas in the new building. The deep, rich Victorian color scheme was reinstated and oak woodwork was restored. Period chandeliers and reading lights based on historic photos were installed, supplemented by contemporary xtures. On the upper walls of the historic rooms, a series of restored WPA (Works Progress Administration) murals painted in 1934 by Elizabeth Tracy and Arthur Willis Oakman depict the ten divisions of knowledge that make up the Dewey Decimal Cataloguing system. Historic Reading Room, 1889 Mural Conservation Restored Historic Reading Room, 2009

CLEAR AND SEAMLESS CONNECTION BETWEEN OLD AND NEW BUILDINGS The new library achieves a seamless connection of interior

historic building and contemporary new building to sit shoulder to shoulder in de ning the primary edge to a civic park.

12 CLEAR AND SEAMLESS CONNECTION BETWEEN OLD AND NEW BUILDINGS The new library achieves a seamless connection of interior spaces within the new and old buildings, bringing new technologies & an innovative Young Adults space into the historic building. On the outside, a glassy connection respects the integrity and object quality of the historic structure, allowing the historic building and contemporary new building to sit shoulder to shoulder in de ning the primary edge to a civic park. At the point where old and new come together, a courtyard serves as an outdoor reading room. Front Porch re-invented as transparent Reading Space Outdoor Reading Courtyard: Programmatic element connecting historic building and new addition

13 FLOOR PLANS

New Building engages the City with fully transparent facade Reading spaces on the south facade enjoy strong views of the Park Double-skin cavity with operable aluminum louvers NEW PUBLIC LIBRARY

Key components of the project s approach include: 1.

Saving this structure conserves material resources but more importantly preserves an important cultural treasure. 2.

Signi cant natural light is introduced through the building s transparent main facade, a double-skin curtainwall, windows on the north facade and at either end of the main circulation spine and

facade; The high ef ciency light xtures are controlled by sun sensors and a sophisticated dimming system which can turn lights off by zone to save energy. 3.

, the double-skin facade (two surfaces of glass, creating an insulated airspace) is a multi-story (full height), full depth (3 ), thermal ue with 1-0 deep movable sunshades.

14 New Building engages the City with fully transparent facade Reading spaces on the south facade enjoy strong views of the Park Double-skin cavity with operable aluminum louvers NEW PUBLIC LIBRARY Cambridge, Massachusetts SUSTAINABLE DESIGN SUMMARY The LEED Silver Public Library re ects the client s commitment to sustainable building practices. Key components of the project s approach include: 1. Re-use of an historic landmark: At the heart of the project is the restoration of the City s original Main Library, (designed in 1889 by Van Brunt & Howe and bequeathed by Frederick Rindge). Saving this structure conserves material resources but more importantly preserves an important cultural treasure. 2. Maximizing natural light: Daylight and views are provided to 90% of the occupied spaces in the building. Signi cant natural light is introduced through the building s transparent main facade, a double-skin curtainwall, windows on the north facade and at either end of the main circulation spine and through a skylit atrium; Large windows bring light into the historic spaces, including a new Young Adults room which bene ts from the removal of an addition built in 1967 which blocked the west facade; The high ef ciency light xtures are controlled by sun sensors and a sophisticated dimming system which can turn lights off by zone to save energy. 3. A Unique High-Performance Facade: The rst of its type in the U.S., the double-skin facade (two surfaces of glass, creating an insulated airspace) is a multi-story (full height), full depth (3 ), thermal ue with 1-0 deep movable sunshades. The facade allows for complete transparency while ensuring protection from excessive heat gain, heat loss, and glare: Energy Savings and Comfort: The facade saves energy (50 % reduction compared with a conventional curtainwall) and maximizes comfort at the reading spaces. The 3 airspace can be open in summer to keep heat from entering the building and closed in the winter to create an insulating thermal blanket; Natural Light: The facade brings a signi cant amount of balanced natural light into the library, carefully controlled by xed and movable sunshades; Natural Ventilation: Operable windows in the facade allow for fresh air throughout the year (even in winter) without insect screens blocking and without concern for stolen books. In the winter, spring and fall, the windows allow heat from the cavity to be brought into the building. 4. Underground Parking: Parking is located underground, expanding the land available for the park, eliminating stormwater runoff from the parking lot, and reducing the urban heat island effect by shading 100% of the parking area with parkscape. The parking is covered by a 33,000 sf green roof (an intensive type with 4 of soil to allow tree planting). Ground oor Civic space at grade with park and with 20 oorto- oor New and Historic Buildings stand shoulder to shoulder to de ne new park Historic 1889 Van Brunt & Howe Main Library 5. Open Space Enhancements: The project includes a signi cant renovation of a 4 acre City Park surrounding the library. The preserved open space is over six times the footprint (27,000 sf) of the 102,000 sf library; After a building expansion that tripled the area of the original building, the park actually grows in area by a half acre; The building and an underground garage were con gured to save two 50 tall European Beech trees in the park; The New Building was designed to celebrate its relationship to the park with a transparent facade and ground oor spaces set at park level. 6. Stormwater Management: A 350,000 gallon stormwater retention tank, located under the park, provides stormwater management for a 3-square mile section of the City surrounding the site 7. Construction Waste Management: Over 95% of the waste generated from construction was diverted from land lls. 8. Transportation: Dedicated parking is provided for alternate fuel vehicles in the underground parking garage; Extensive bicycle storage is provided in the park and below ground in the parking garage to encourage patrons and staff to bicycle to the library building on a dedicated bike lane built by the City in 2001 along Broadway Street. Staff changing rooms and showers are provided (for staff members riding to work); The library is located with access to 5 bus routes and a major MBTA bus and subway station (Harvard Square). 9. Water and Energy Conservation: Low ow toilets, faucets, and staff showers reduce water consumption; Enhanced Commissioning of the mechanical systems (including the double-skin facade) ensures the equipment is operating to optimum ef ciency; Double-skin facade saves 50% of the energy which would be consumed with a conventional curtainwall; CFC free refrigerants were used in the air conditioning system. 10. Materials and Indoor Air Quality User controlled natural ventilation throughout the building at the double skin facade, operable windows into the passively heated cavity allow fresh air to be brought into the building during colder weather and without security concerns; Low VOC paints, adhesives, carpets and other materials are used throughout the building; The library is comprised of 20% post-consumer recycled content. 11. Other The client will maintain the facility in accordance with its City-wide green housekeeping program.

15 SECTIONS

CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY PROJECT Cambridge, MA SIZE Total: 103,900 sqft Addition: 76,700 sqft Renovation: 27,200 sqft CLIENT City of Cambridge ARCHITECT WILLIAM RAWN ASSOCIATES ASSOCIATE ARCHITECT ANN BEHA ARCHITECTS LANDSCAPE