SECTION BOLTS, WASHERS, ANCHORS, AND EYEBOLTS

Transcription

1 DIVISION 5 METALS

2 SECTION BOLTS, WASHERS, ANCHORS, AND EYEBOLTS PART 1 - GENERAL A. Description This section describes materials and installation of anchor bolts, connecting bolts, washers, drilled anchors, epoxy anchors, screw anchors, eyebolts, and stainless steel fasteners. B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere 1. Concrete: Miscellaneous Structural Steel and Aluminum: Ladders, Stairs, and Stair Nosings: Piping Schedule and General Piping Requirements: 15050A. 5. Pipe Hangers and Supports: C. Design Criteria Structural Connections: AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (March 9, 2005), except connection details are shown in the contract drawings. D. Submittals 1. Submit shop drawings in accordance with the General Conditions Section and the following: 2. Submit manufacturer's catalog data and ICC reports for bolts, washers, and concrete anchors. Show dimensions and reference materials of construction by ASTM designation and grade. PART 2 - MATERIALS A. Anchor Bolts Steel anchor bolts shall conform to ASTM A307, Grade A, B, or C. B. Connection Bolts 1. Steel connection bolts shall conform to ASTM A325, Type 1 or 2. IWSD 04/ Bolts, Washers, Anchors and Eyebolts

3 2. Provide self-locking nuts or lockwashers and plain nuts except where shown otherwise in drawings. 3. Provide galvanized bolts where shown in drawings. Galvanizing of bolts, nuts, and washers shall be in accordance with ASTM F2329. C. Stainless Steel Bolts Stainless steel bolts shall be ASTM A193, Grade B8 or ASTM F593, Type 304. Nuts shall be ASTM A194, Grade 8 or ASTM F594, Type 304. Use ASTM A194 nuts with ASTM A193 bolts; use ASTM F594 nuts with ASTM F593 bolts. Provide washer for each nut and bolthead. Washers shall be of the same material as the nuts. D. Lubricant for Stainless Steel Bolts and Nuts Lubricant shall be chloride free and shall be RAMCO TG-50, Anti-Seize by RAMCO, Specialty Lubricants Corporation Husky Lube O'Seal, or equal. E. Hardened Steel Washers Washers for American Standard beams and channels shall be square or rectangular, tapered in thickness, smooth, and conforming to ASTM F436. F. Plain Unhardened Steel and Stainless Steel Washers Washers shall comply with ASTM F844. Stainless steel washers shall be Type 304. Provide clipped washers where space limitations necessitate. G. Drilled Anchors 1. Unless otherwise indicated in the drawings, drilled anchors shall be Type 304 stainless steel wedge anchors as manufactured by ITW Ramset/Redhead, Kwik Bolt TZ by Hilti, or equal. Anchors shall have ICC-approved testing. 2. Where indicated in the drawings, drilled anchors shall be Type 304 stainless steel heavyduty wedge anchors suitable for dynamic loading. Anchors shall be HSL-3 heavy-duty wedge anchor by Hilti, Power-Bolt by Rawlplug Company, or equal. For metric anchors, use the size that is closest to, but no smaller than, the required English size. H. Epoxy Anchors 1. Epoxy anchors in concrete shall be Type 304 stainless steel threaded rod adhesive anchors. Adhesive shall be Rawl Power-Fast, Hilti HIT RE 500-SD, Simpson SET-XP, or equal. Epoxy anchor assemblies shall be ICC approved. I. Screw Anchors Screw anchors shall be Titen HD screw anchors by Simpson, HUS-H by Hilti, or equal. IWSD 04/ Bolts, Washers, Anchors and Eyebolts

4 J. Embedded Eyebolts Eyebolts shall be of the welded-eye or forged type, Type 304 stainless steel. K. Threaded Carbon Steel Lifting Eyes Threaded carbon steel lifting eyes shall comply with ASTM A489, Type 1 or 2, Style B. PART 3 - EXECUTION A. Storage of Materials Store material, either plain or fabricated, above ground on platforms, skids, or other supports. Keep material free from dirt, grease, and other foreign matter and protect from corrosion. B. Galvanizing Zinc coating for bolts, anchor bolts, and threaded parts shall be in accordance with ASTM F2329. C. Installing Connection Bolts 1. Use steel bolts to connect structural steel members. Use stainless steel bolts to connect structural aluminum members. 2. Install washers per AISC Specification for ASD. 3. Bolt holes in structural members shall be 1/16 inch in diameter larger than bolt size. Measure cast-in-place bolt locations in the field before drilling companion holes in structural steel beam or assembly. 4. Slotted holes, if required in the drawings, or required for expansion and contraction, shall conform to AISC Specifications, Chapter J, Section J3, Table J3.1. D. Installing Anchor Bolts 1. Preset bolts and anchors by the use of templates. For mechanical equipment (pumps, compressors, and blowers), do not use concrete anchors set in holes drilled in the concrete after the concrete is placed. 2. For static items (storage tanks and heat exchangers), use preset anchor bolts or drilled anchors with ICC report data. 3. After anchor bolts have been embedded, protect projecting threads by applying grease and having the nuts installed until the time of installation of the equipment or metalwork. 4. Minimum depth of embedment of drilled mechanical anchors shall be as recommended by the manufacturer, but no less than that shown in the drawings. 5. Minimum depth of embedment of epoxy anchors shall be as recommended by the manufacturer, but no less than that shown in the drawings. IWSD 04/ Bolts, Washers, Anchors and Eyebolts

5 6. Prepare holes for drilled and epoxy anchors in accordance with the anchor manufacturer s recommendations prior to installation. E. Installation of Stainless Steel Bolts and Nuts Prior to assembly, coat threaded portions of stainless steel bolts and nuts with lubricant. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Bolts, Washers, Anchors and Eyebolts

6 SECTION STRUCTURAL STEEL PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE A. Structural steel girders, plates, angles, inserts and anchor bolts, beams, columns, and other structural members required by the contract documents REFERENCES A. ASTM A36 - Structural Steel B. ASTM A307 - Carbon Steel Externally Threaded Standard Fasteners C. ASTM A325 - High Strength Bolts for Structural Steel D. ASTM A490 - Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts for Structural Steel Joints E. AWS A2.0 - Standard Welding Symbols F. AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code G. AISC - Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Structural steel for Buildings (latest edition). H. SSPC - Steel Structures Painting Council 1.03 SUBMITTALS A. Submit shop drawings of all structural steel proposed for fabrication to Engineer for prior approval. The Engineer's approval does not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for accuracy. B. Shop Drawings: 1. Indicate sizes, spacing, and locations of structural plates and anchor bolts including openings, attachments, and fasteners. 2. Indicate welded connections with AWS A2.0 welding symbols and net weld lengths. IWSD 04/ Structural Steel

7 C. Manufacturer's Mill Certificate: Submit under provisions of Section certifying that products meet or exceed specified requirements. D. Mill Test Reports: Submit under provisions of Section Manufacturer's Certificates, indicating structural strength, destructive, and non-destructive test analysis. E. Welders' Certificates: Submit under provisions of Section Manufacturer's Certificates, certifying welders employed on the Work, verifying AWS qualifications within the previous 12 months QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Fabricate structural steel members in accordance with AISC - Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings. B. Maintain one copy of each document on site QUALIFICATIONS A. Fabricator: Company specializing in performing the work of this Section with a minimum of five years documented experience. B. Erector: Company specializing in performing the work of this Section with a minimum of three years documented experience FIELD MEASUREMENTS A. Verify that field measurements are as shown on the Drawings. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.01 MATERIALS A. Structural Steel Members: ASTM A36. B. Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A325, and A490 galvanized to ASTM A153 for galvanized members. C. Anchor Bolts: ASTM A325, and A490 Stainless Steel. D. Welding Materials: AWS D1.1; type required for materials being welded. Use Class E-70 series electrodes with a minimum stress capacity of 15,800 psi at the throat of threat area in accordance with ASTM A FINISH IWSD 04/ Structural Steel

8 A. Prepare structural component surfaces in accordance with SSPC SP-2 B. Shop prime structural steel members. Do not prime within two inches of surfaces that will be field welded in contact with concrete. C. Areas not shop primed, areas that have been field welded, and all painted areas that have been damaged during erection shall be cleaned, primed, and touch-up painted. Erection marks shall be cleaned. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.01 EXAMINATION A. Verify that field conditions acceptable and are ready to receive work ERECTION A. Field weld components indicated on Drawings. B. Do not field cut or alter structural members without approval of Engineer. C. The Contractor will not construct missing or out-of-position bolt holes by torch cut method. Bolt holes that are needed after fabrication will be constructed by punching or drilling only. D. Removal of welds will be by air arc methods only. Contractor shall practice standard of care to avoid damage to parent metal during weld removal ERECTION TOLERANCE A. Maximum offset from true alignment: 1/8 inch. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Structural Steel

9 SECTION MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURAL STEEL AND ALUMINUM PART 1 - GENERAL A. Description This section describes materials, fabrication, and installation of structural steel, structural aluminum, stainless steel plate and members, steel tubing, aluminum tubing, and aluminum sheet. B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere 1. Concrete: Bolts, Washers, Anchors, and Eyebolts: Ladders, Stairs, and Stair Nosings: Handrails and Railings: Cover Plates, and Access Hatches: Grating: Painting and Coating: C. Design Criteria Structural Connections and Framing: AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (March 9, 2005), except connection details are shown in the contract drawings. D. Submittals 1. Submit shop drawings in accordance with the General Conditions, Section and the following: 2. Submit placing or erection drawings that indicate locations of fabricated items. Reproductions of contract documents will not be accepted for this purpose. PART 2 - MATERIALS A. Structural Steel Material for all-purpose bolted or welded construction shall conform to the following: 1. ASTM A992: W shapes (rolled wide flange shapes). IWSD 04/ Miscell. Structural Steel and Alum.

10 2. ASTM A36 or A572, Grade 50: S, M, HP, and channels. 3. ASTM A36: Angles and plates. B. Bolts and Washers See Section C. Steel Pipe Columns Conform to ASTM A53, Grade B. D. Hollow Structural Steel (HSS) and Stainless Steel Tubing 1. Steel: Conform to ASTM A500, Grade B or A Stainless Steel: Conform to ASTM A554, Grade MT-304L. E. Stainless Steel Plate and Members Except where otherwise specified, stainless steel plate shall be Type 304, ASTM A240. Stainless steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A312, Grade TP304. Wrought stainless steel fittings shall conform to ASTM A403, Class WP304. F. Aluminum Sheet Aluminum sheet shall conform to ASTM B209, Alloy 3003, H 14 temper. G. Structural Aluminum Aluminum structural members shall conform to ASTM B308, Alloy 6061-T6. Aluminum bars and rods shall conform to ASTM B221, Alloy 6061-T6. H. Aluminum Tubing Aluminum seamless pipe and tubing shall conform to ASTM B241, Alloy 6061-T6. Wall thickness shall be Schedule 80, per ANSI H35.2, unless otherwise shown in the drawings. I. Expanded Metal Sheeting Expanded metal sheet shall comply with ASTM F1267, Type II, Class 2, Grade A. Style designation shall be 1/2 No. 18. J. Welding Electrodes 1. Welding electrodes for structural steel shall conform to AWS A5.5. Use electrodes in the E- 70 series. 2. Welding electrodes for aluminum shall be ER4043 filler metal. IWSD 04/ Miscell. Structural Steel and Alum.

11 3. Welding electrodes for stainless steel shall conform to AWS A5.4. Use electrodes as follows: Stainless Steel Material Welding Electrode Material Type 304 E 308 Type 304L E 347 Type 316 E 316 Type 316L E 318 PART 3 - EXECUTION A. Storage of Materials Store structural material, either plain or fabricated, above ground on platforms, skids, or other supports. Keep material free from dirt, grease, and other foreign matter and protect from corrosion. B. Fabrication and Erection 1. Fabricate miscellaneous metal items to straight lines and true curves. Drilling and punching shall not leave burrs or deformations. Continuously weld permanent connections along the entire area of contact. Exposed work shall have a smooth finish with welds ground smooth. Joints shall have a close fit with corner joints coped or mitered and shall be in true alignment. Unless specifically indicated in the drawings, there shall be no bends, twists, or open joints in any finished member nor any projecting edges or corners at intersections. Conceal fastenings wherever possible. Built-up parts shall be free of warp. Exposed ends and edges of metal shall be slightly rounded. 2. Clean the surfaces of metalwork to be in contact with concrete of rust, dirt, grease, and other foreign substances before placing concrete. 3. Set embedded metalwork accurately in position when concrete is placed and support rigidly to prevent displacement or undue vibration during or after the placement of concrete. Unless otherwise specified, where metalwork is to be installed in recesses in formed concrete, said recesses shall be made, metalwork installed, and recesses filled with dry-pack mortar in conformance with Section C. Galvanizing for Steel Plates, Pipe, and Tubing Zinc coating shall be in accordance with ASTM A123. D. Welding 1. Perform welding on steel by the SMAW process. Welding shall conform to the AWS D , except as modified in AISC Section J2. 2. Perform welding on aluminum by the gas metal arc (MIG) or gas tungsten arc (TIG) process. Welding shall conform to the AWS D IWSD 04/ Miscell. Structural Steel and Alum.

12 E. Bolting 3. Perform welding on stainless steel by the TIG process. All welds shall be full penetration and smooth unless otherwise indicated in the drawings. Provide inert gas on the inside of pipe during welding to reduce oxidation. 4. Provide a minimum of two passes for metal in excess of 5/16-inch thickness. 5. Produce weld uniform in width and size throughout its length with each layer of weldment smooth; free of slag, cracks, pinholes, and undercuttings; and completely fused to the adjacent weld beads and base metal. Avoid irregular surface, nonuniform bead pattern, and high crown. Form fillet welds of the indicated size of uniform height and fully penetrating. Accomplish repair, chipping, and grinding of welds in manner that will not gouge, groove, or reduce the base metal thickness. See Section F. Control of Flame Cutting Do not use a gas-cutting torch in the field for correcting fabrication errors on any member in structural framing. Use a gas-cutting torch only on minor members when the member is not under stress. G. Repair of Galvanized Surfaces Repair or replace metal with damaged galvanized surfaces at no additional cost to the Owner. Repair galvanized surfaces per Section 09900, System No. 55. H. Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Surfaces 1. Coat aluminum surfaces to be embedded or which will be in contact with concrete or masonry, per Section 09900, System No. 51 before installation. Allow the coating to dry before the aluminum is placed in contact with the concrete. 2. Where aluminum surfaces come in contact with dissimilar metals, except stainless steel, keep the dissimilar metallic surfaces from direct contact by use of neoprene gaskets or washers. I. Painting and Coating of Structural Steel Coat nongalvanized structural steel surfaces per Section 09900, System No. 10. Apply prime coat in the shop prior to shipping to the site. Apply intermediate and finish coats after erection, except surfaces that will be inaccessible for coating after erection or assembly shall be finish coated prior to erection or assembly. Color of finish coat shall be selected by Owner. Faying surfaces of connections that are not specified to be slip critical may be primed and need not be further painted. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Miscell. Structural Steel and Alum.

13 SECTION LADDERS, STAIRS, AND STAIR NOSINGS PART 1 - GENERAL A. Description This section describes materials, fabrication, and installation of ladders, prefabricated alternating tread stairs, stair nosings, and stair treads. B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere 1. Concrete: Bolts, Washers, Anchors, and Eyebolts: Painting and Coating: C. Design Criteria Handrails, Walkways, Ladders, and Personnel Platforms: OSHA, FBC. D. Submittals 1. Submit shop drawings in accordance with the General Conditions, Section and the following: 2. Submit drawings of stairs, ladders, and stair nosings. Show dimensions and reference materials of construction by ASTM designation and grade. PART 2 - MATERIALS A. Vertical Ladders Fabricate ladders as shown in the drawings. Ladders shall be aluminum or Type 304 stainless steel or as otherwise as indicated in the drawings. Minimum diameter of rungs shall be 3/4 inch. The distance between rungs, cleats, and steps shall not exceed 12 inches and shall be uniform throughout the length of the ladder. The minimum clear length of rungs or cleats shall be 16 inches. Coat rungs with coarse grain nonskid epoxy coating No. 6901T44 as supplied by McMaster-Carr Supply Company, Los Angeles, California, or equal. Color of coating shall be black or yellow, as selected by the Owner. Apply nonskid coating per manufacturer's recommendations. B. Safety Climb for Vertical Ladders 1. Equip the interior ladders that are higher than 12 feet with a ladder-centered notched safety climbing tube of ASTM A276, Type 304 stainless steel. IWSD 04/ Ladders, Stairs and Stair Nosings

14 2. Provide a Saf-T-Pivot dismount post for each ladder that is equipped with a Saf-T-Climb. 3. Provide post, storage brackets, and box mounted on the handrail for the safety pivot dismount post. Provide three sets of safety belts and sleeves. Provide ladder-up safety posts for ladders without safety climbs. Posts shall be of the same material as the ladder. C. Aluminum Abrasive Stair Nosings Abrasive stair nosings for concrete stairs shall be aluminum (Alloy 6061T6) angles 2 1/2 inches by 2 1/2 inches by 8 inches less than the concrete width. The walking surfaces of the nosings shall have integrally cast abrasive grit to provide antislip protection. Front edge of nosings shall be rounded. Nosings shall include concrete anchors. Nosings shall be American Abrasive Metals Company Curb Bar CB2, Barry Craft CB25A, or equal. D. Stair Treads Stair treads shall be of aluminum design with 1-1/4-inch by 3/16-inch bars spaced 1 3/16 inches on center. Treads shall have extruded aluminum corrugated nosings. Treads shall be as manufactured by Grating Pacific, IKG Industries, or equal. E. Welding Electrodes 1. Welding electrodes for structural steel shall conform to AWS A5.5. Use electrodes in the E- 70 series. 2. Welding electrodes for aluminum shall be ER4043 filler metal. 3. Welding electrodes for stainless steel shall conform to AWS 5.4. Use Electrodes E308 for Type 304 stainless steel and E316 for Type 316 stainless steel. PART 3 - EXECUTION A. Storage of Materials Store structural material, either plain or fabricated, above ground on platforms, skids, or other supports. Keep material free from dirt, grease, and other foreign matter and protect from corrosion. B. Installing Ladders Mount ladders to provide clearance in back of ladder so that the distance from the centerline of rungs, cleats, or steps to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder shall be not less than 7 inches. C. Installing Anchor Bolts See Section IWSD 04/ Ladders, Stairs and Stair Nosings

15 D. Repair of Galvanized Surfaces Repair or replace metal with damaged galvanized surfaces at no additional cost to the Owner. Repair minor damage to galvanized surfaces per Section 09900, System No. 55. Engineer may require items to be regalvanized that have significant damage. E. Corrosion Protection for Aluminum Surfaces 1. Coat aluminum surfaces to be embedded or which will be in contact with concrete or masonry per Section 09900, System No. 51 before installation. Allow the coating to dry before the aluminum is placed in contact with the concrete. 2. Where aluminum surfaces come in contact with dissimilar metals, keep the dissimilar metallic surfaces from direct contact by use of neoprene gaskets or washers. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Ladders, Stairs and Stair Nosings

16 SECTION HANDRAILS AND RAILINGS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. Scope: 1. Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals required to provide aluminum handrails and railing systems as shown and specified. The Work also includes: B. Coordination: a. Providing openings in and attachments to railings to accommodate the Work under this and other Sections and providing for the railings all items such as anchor bolts, fasteners, studs and all items required for which provision is not specifically included under other Sections. b. Provide openings in and attachments to railings to accommodate the work under other contracts and assisting other contractors in building inserts and all other items required to be embedded in railings under other contracts. c. The type of railing required is a welded system as shown on the Contract drawings. 1. Review installation procedures under other Sections and coordinate the Work that must be installed with or attached to the railings. C. Related Work Specified Elsewhere: 1. Section 03300, Cast-In-Place Concrete QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Codes: Comply with applicable requirements of the Florida Building Code and OSHA requirements. B. Reference Standards: Comply with applicable provisions of the following, except as otherwise shown or specified. IWSD 04/ Handrails and Railings

17 1.03 SUBMITTALS 1. ASTM B 241, Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube. 2. AWS D10.7, Gas Shielded-Arc Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Pipe. 3. The Aluminum Association, Aluminum Standards and Data; and Standards of Anodized Architectural Aluminum. 4. ANSI A12.1, Safety Requirements for Floor and Wall Openings, Railings, and Toeboards. 5. OSHA Part Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes. A. Shop Drawings: Submit for approval Shop Drawings for the fabrication and erection of aluminum handrails and railings. Include plans, elevations, and details of sections and connections. Show anchorage items: 1.04 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING A. Pack and ship all railing to protect finish. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.01 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA A. Contractor shall provide a handrail and railing system including all fasteners and post connections that conforms to OSHA, Part , 200 pound loading requirement. In addition, the system shall conform to the following requirements of the Standard Building Code: 2.02 MATERIALS 1. Completed railing to withstand a load of 50 pounds per linear foot applied in any direction. 2. All above loads are not additive. 3. There shall be no permanent deflection after testing. A. Extruded Aluminum Pipe and Tube: B 241, Alloy 6061-T6. Schedule 40 for rails and Schedule 80 for posts. IWSD 04/ Handrails and Railings

18 B. Two Rail System: 2.03 FABRICATION 1. Unless otherwise noted, use a welded pipe railing system with top and intermediate rail of 2 inch I.D. Schedule 40 aluminum and posts of 2 inch I.D. Schedule 80, Alloy 6061-T6 with ground joints. A. Top rail shall be continuous over posts, and posts continuous from base to top rail. Intersections of rails and posts shall be made by coping the pipe and continuously welding. All welds shall be ground smooth. Railing splices shall be butted and reinforced by a tight-fitting interior sleeve not less than 6" long. B. Railings and posts shall be mil finished after fabrication. C. Aluminum toe plates shall be installed along all railings as shown on Contract Drawings. D. Railing Chains: Provide dual safety chains at the top of all stairs, landings, platforms, unprotected openings and where shown on drawings, installed complete with swivel snap on one end and eye bolt on other end welded to railing post. Provide eye bolt welded to railing post for swivel snap. Chains shall be constructed of the same alloy as railings and links shall be 1/4 inch minimum in thickness. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.01 INSTALLATION A. Fastening to In-Place Construction: 1. Provide anchorage devices and fasteners where necessary for securing handrails and railing items to in-place construction; including threaded fasteners for concrete toggle bolts, through-bolts, lag bolts and other connectors as required. 2. Use devices and fasteners that are compatible with aluminum. B. Cutting, Fitting and Placement: 1. Perform cutting, drilling and fitting required for installation. Set the Work accurately in location, alignment and elevation, plumb, level, true and free of rack, measured from established lines and levels. 2. Space posts 5 foot-6 inches on centers maximum and as shown. IWSD 04/ Handrails and Railings

19 3. Secure handrails to walls with wall brackets and end fittings where feasible. Drill wall plate portion of the bracket to receive one bolt. Locate brackets as shown or, if not shown, at not more than 8 feet on centers. Provide flush-type wall return fittings with the same projection as that shown for wall brackets. Secure wall brackets and wall return fittings to building construction as follows: a. For concrete anchorage use bolt anchor expansion shields and lag bolts. C. Protection from Dissimilar Materials: 1. Using bitumastic material, coat all surfaces of aluminum in contact with dissimilar materials such as concrete and steel. Coat posts one inch above slab, deck or walk CLEANING AND REPAIRING A. Cleaning: 1. Remove all stains, dirt, grease or other substances by washing railings thoroughly using clean water and soap; rinse with clean water. 2. Do not use acid solution, steel wool or other harsh abrasive. B. Repair: a. If stain remains after washing, remove finish and restore. 1. Remove stained or otherwise defective Work and replace with material that meets specification requirements. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Handrails and Railings

20 SECTION COVER PLATES, AND ACCESS HATCHES PART 1 - GENERAL A. Description This section describes materials, fabrication, and installation of steel and aluminum cover and floor plates, and access hatches. B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere 1. Concrete: Aluminum Grating: Painting and Coating: C. Design Criteria 1. Grating, Floor Plates, and Miscellaneous Cover Plates: Design live load of 100 psf, maximum deflection of 1/240 of span. 2. Access Hatches: 300 psf, or AASHTO H20 loading As noted in the drawings. If there is no indication on the drawing, design to the AASHTO H20 loading. D. Submittals 1. Submit shop drawings in accordance with the General Conditions, Section and the following: 2. Submit drawings of grating, cover plates, and access hatches. Show dimensions and reference materials of construction by ASTM designation and grade. Show design criteria. 3. Submit placing or erection drawings that indicate locations of fabricated items. Reproductions of contract documents will not be accepted for this purpose. PART 2 - MATERIALS A. Design of Grating, Floor Plates, and Miscellaneous Cover Plates 1. Grating, floor plates, and miscellaneous cover plates shall be as detailed in the drawings or, if not detailed, shall be designed per subsection on Design Criteria in Part 1. No single piece of grating, floor plate, or miscellaneous cover plate shall weigh more than 80 pounds. Length of individual pieces shall not exceed one and one-half times the width, unless limited by the installation. IWSD 04/ Cover Plates and Access Hatches

21 2. Field measure grating and cover plates for proper cutouts and size. 3. Grating shall be completely banded. For pipe and conduits (including electrical conduit) larger than 1 inch in diameter penetrating grating, cut and band grating. If the drawings call for galvanized grating then cut and band the grating before galvanizing. B. Stainless Steel Plate and Members Except where otherwise specified, stainless steel plate and members shall be Type 304 or 304L, ASTM A240 or A666. C. Aluminum Sheet Aluminum sheet shall conform to ASTM B209, Alloy 3003, H 14 temper. D. Aluminum Access Hatches E. Grating 1. Access hatches shall be Haliday, U.S.F. Fabrications, Inc., Type TH (THS or THD depending on the application) aluminum or Bilco Type JAL of the size and configuration shown in the drawings. Aluminum doors shall be anodized. Latch and lifting mechanism assemblies, hold-open arms and guides, and brackets, hinges, pins, and fasteners shall be Type 316 stainless steel. 2. Locking and Latching Devices: a. Lugs welded to the exterior door surface to receive a padlock. b. Hinged hasp on exterior door surface. See Section F. Checkered Cover Plates Checkered cover plates shall be aluminum. Minimum thickness shall be ¼ inch or as shown in the drawings. Provide U-bolt lifting handles located at opposite ends on each removable section. Handles shall be recessed to reduce tripping hazards. Steel plates, including angle edgings, support angles, and lifting handles, shall be stainless steel. Aluminum plates shall comply with ASTM A786, Pattern 4, with material conforming to ASTM B209, Alloy 6061-T6. G. Frames and Supports for Grating and Checkered Plates Fabricated frames and supports for grating and checkered cover plates shall be aluminum unless otherwise indicated in the drawings or specified elsewhere. Corners of embedded angle frames shall be mitered and welded with the welds ground smooth. H. Welding Electrodes 1. Welding electrodes for structural steel shall conform to AWS A5.5. Use electrodes in the E- 70 series. IWSD 04/ Cover Plates and Access Hatches

22 2. Welding electrode for aluminum shall be ER4043 filler metal. 3. Welding electrodes for stainless steel shall conform to AWS A5.4. Use electrodes as follows: Stainless Steel Material Welding Electrode Material Type 304 E 308 Type 304L E 347 Type 316 E 316 Type 316L E 318 PART 3 - EXECUTION A. Storage of Materials Store structural material, either plain or fabricated, above ground on platforms, skids, or other supports. Keep material free from dirt, grease, and other foreign matter and protect from corrosion. B. Installation and Erection 1. Clean the surfaces of metalwork to be in contact with concrete of rust, dirt, grease, and other foreign substances before placing concrete. 2. Set grating seats and frames and checkered plate frames and supports accurately in position when concrete is placed and support it rigidly to prevent displacement or undue vibration during or after the placement of concrete. Unless otherwise specified, where metalwork is to be installed in recesses in formed concrete, said recesses shall be made, metalwork installed, and recesses filled with dry-pack mortar in conformance with Section Set seat angles for grating so that the grating will be flush with the floor. Maintain the grating and floor plates flush with the floor. Seat angles and anchors shall be aluminum unless otherwise indicated in the drawings. C. Fastening Fasten grating panels to supporting members with two saddle clips at each end of each panel bolted to studs that are welded to supporting members or by bolting to two weld lugs shop-welded to each end of each panel. Weld bolt studs to supporting members. Bolt studs shall be 1/4 inch in diameter and of the same material as the supporting members. Saddle clips or Weld lugs shall be the same material as the grating. D. Galvanizing Zinc coating for plates, bolts, anchor bolts, and threaded parts shall be in accordance with ASTM A153 and F2329. IWSD 04/ Cover Plates and Access Hatches

23 E. Welding 1. Perform welding on steel by the SMAW process. Welding shall conform to AWS D , except as modified in AISC Section J2. 2. Perform welding on aluminum by the gas metal arc (MIG) or gas tungsten arc (TIG) process. Welding shall conform to AWS D Perform welding on stainless steel by the gas tungsten arc (TIG) process. Welds shall be full penetration and smooth. Provide inert gas on the inside of pipe during welding to reduce oxidation. 4. Provide a minimum of two passes for metal in excess of 5/16-inch thickness. 5. Produce weld uniform in width and size throughout its length with each layer of weldment smooth; free of slag, cracks, pinholes, and undercuttings; and completely fused to the adjacent weld beads and base metal. Avoid irregular surface, nonuniform bead pattern, and high crown. Form fillet welds of the indicated size of uniform height and fully penetrating. Accomplish repair, chipping, and grinding of welds in manner that will not gouge, groove, or reduce the base metal thickness. F. Repair of Galvanized Surfaces Repair or replace metal with damaged galvanized surfaces at no additional cost to the Owner. Repair minor damage to galvanized surfaces per Section 09900, System No. 55. Major damage of may require regalvanizing as directed by the Engineer. G. Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Surfaces 1. Coat aluminum surfaces to be embedded or which will be in contact with concrete or masonry per Section 09900, System No. 51 before installation. Allow the coating to dry before the aluminum is placed in contact with the concrete. 2. Where aluminum surfaces come in contact with dissimilar metals, keep the dissimilar metallic surfaces from direct contact by use of neoprene gaskets or washers. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Cover Plates and Access Hatches

24 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. Scope: SECTION ALUMINUM GRATING AND CHECKERED PLATE 1. Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals as shown, specified and required to provide aluminum grating, aluminum checkered plate, and frames. 2. The Work also includes providing serrated grating to accommodate the Work under this and other Sections and attaching to the grating all items such as sleeves, bands, studs, fasteners and all items required including embedded angles for which provision is not specifically included under other Sections. B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere: 1. Section 03300, Cast-In-Place Concrete QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Reference Standards: Comply with applicable provisions and recommendations of the following except as otherwise shown or specified. 1. ASTM B 209, Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate. 2. ASTM B 210, Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes. 3. ASTM B 221, Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Shapes and Tubes. 4. NAAMM, Metal Finishes Manual, and Metal Bar Grating Manual. 5. Aluminum Association Standards. B. Field Measurements: Take field measurements prior to preparation of Shop Drawings and fabrication where required, to ensure proper fitting of the Work SUBMITTALS A. Samples: Submit for approval the following: 1. Representative samples of grating, appurtenances and other finished products requested by the Engineer. His review will be for type and finish only. IWSD 04/ Aluminum Grating and Checkered Plate

25 Compliance with all other requirements is the exclusive responsibility of Contractor. B. Shop Drawings: Submit for approval the following: PART 2 - PRODUCTS 1. Shop Drawings for the fabrication and erection of all Work. Include plans, elevations, and details of sections and connections. Show anchorage and accessory items. 2. Setting drawings and templates for location and installation of anchorage devices. 3. Manufacturer's specifications, load tables, dimension diagrams, anchor details and installation instructions. 4. The Work shall not be fabricated until the Contractor submits field measurements of the openings and until the manufacturer's drawings based upon the Contractor's measurements have been approved by the Engineer. The manufacturer's drawings shall show all cutout locations PERFORMANCE CRITERIA A. The manufacturer shall furnish aluminum grating confirming to the following criteria: 1. Design Loads: Uniform live load or a concentrated load, whichever gives the greatest stresses. Live Load Alum psf Concentrated Load 1,000 lbs. 2. Maximum Clear Span Deflection: 1/180 of span or 1/4 inch, whichever is smallest. 3. Maximum Aluminum Fiber Stress: 12,000 psi. 4. Bearing bars shall be a maximum of 1-3/16 inches on center, 3/16 inches minimum thickness, and 2 inches minimum depth, and are to be serrated, unless otherwise noted. 5. Aluminum cross bars shall not exceed 4 inches on center. IWSD 04/ Aluminum Grating and Checkered Plate

26 B. Where shown the manufacturer shall furnish checkered plate to conform to the following criteria: 2.02 MATERIALS 1. Minimum Thickness: 1/4 inch. 2. Design Uniform Load: 150 pounds per square foot. 3. Maximum Clear Span Deflection: 1/120 of the span or 1/4 inch, whichever is the smallest. 4. All checkered plate sections shall be cut so that no one section shall weigh more than 100 pounds. 5. Hinges, if applicable, shall be provided where shown on the contract drawings. Hinges shall be Type 304 stainless steel with stainless steel pins and fastenings. Each checkered plate section shall have at least two hinges. A. Aluminum Bearing Bars: Alloy 6061-T6 or Alloy 6063-T6, conforming to ASTM B B. Aluminum Cross Bars: Alloy conforming to either ASTM B 221 or ASTM B 210. C. Aluminum Rivets: Aluminum-Alloy as recommended by the manufacturer. D. All supporting angles, structural sections, anchor straps and end bars shall be of 6061-T6 aluminum. E. Aluminum Checkered Plate: 1. Provide aluminum checkered plate where shown on the drawings. Plate shall conform to ASTM B 209. Provide mill finish. 2. Raised Pattern Floor Plate: Provide pattern standard with the manufacturer. Allow and temper to be 6061-T6. F. Hardware: 1. When joining aluminum treads, nosings and railings to other steel construction, Type 304 Stainless Steel Hardware shall be used. G. Aluminum stair treads and landings shall have same cross section and be of the same material as specified for aluminum grating. Removable abrasive nosing shall be provided. IWSD 04/ Aluminum Grating and Checkered Plate

27 2.03 FABRICATION A. Use materials of the minimum size and thickness as specified above unless shown otherwise. Work to the dimensions shown on approved Shop Drawings. B. Grating shall be as shown and shall comply with the NAAMM "Metal Bar Grating Manual", except as specified herein. C. Aluminum Grating may be welded or pressure locked. D. Grating shall be made up in panels to permit ease in removal and shall include any necessary structural aluminum support framing required to install a complete system. Grating in concrete shall be provided with aluminum angle frames having mitered corners and welded joints. Grind exposed joints smooth. Frames shall have welded anchors set into concrete. Angle size shall match grating depth selected to assure flush fit. Provide end-banding bars welded at about 4-inch on centers for each panel. E. Cutouts shall be provided where necessary for the passage of pipes, conduit and similar work. Where more than four bearing bars are cut, banding bars of the same dimensions as the bearing bar shall be provided around the opening and welded or electric forged to the grating. F. Grating shall be set with a full and uniform end bearing on the supports to preclude rocking movement. Wedges or similar shimming devices shall not be used. Aluminum clamps or clips shall be installed to anchor the grating to the supports. Provide minimum 4 saddle clips to fit 2 bearing bars, and 4 stainless steel stud bolts with washers, unless otherwise indicated. G. Provide serrated exposed surface. H. Type of Aluminum Finish: Mill in accordance with Aluminum Association Standard AA-M10. I. Product and Manufacturer: Aluminum grating shall be as manufactured by McNichols Co. (Tampa, FL), IKG Borden, or equal. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.01 INSTALLATION A. Fastening to In-Place Construction: Use anchorage devices and fasteners to secure grating to supporting members or prepared openings, as recommended by the manufacturer. IWSD 04/ Aluminum Grating and Checkered Plate

28 B. Cutting, Fitting and Placement: 1. Perform all cutting, drilling and fitting required for installation. Set the Work accurately in location, alignment and elevation, plumb, level, true and free of rack. Do not use wedges or shimming devices. 2. Making cutouts or openings in the grating in the field will not be allowed, unless specifically approved by the Engineer. 3. Divide the panels into sections only to the extent required for installation wherever grating is to be placed around previously installed pipe, ducts, and structural members. 4. Fit exposed connections accurately together to form tight hairline joints. C. Protection of Aluminum from Dissimilar Materials: Provide coating in accordance with Section 09900, Painting, on aluminum surfaces in contact with dissimilar materials. END OF SECTION IWSD 04/ Aluminum Grating and Checkered Plate