Sugar/Energy Canes as Biofuels Feedstocks
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1 Sugar/Energy Canes as Biofuels Feedstocks USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory Houma, LA Dr. Ed Richard Dr. Anna Hale
2 Sugar cane as a bio-energy crop Molasses Bagasse Raw Sugar Leaf Litter
3 What is Energy Cane? Type 1 : Hybrids of commercial Saccharum varieties, but fiber levels too high for raw sugar extraction Type 2 : First (F1) and 2nd generation (BC1) crosses of production Saccharum with S. spontaneum, miscanthus or erianthus High biomass yields (30 + dry Mt/ha) Fiber: 18 24% Moderate soluble solids (Brix): 8 14% Perennial growth and consistent yields over 5 to 6 annual harvests (ratooning) Cold tolerance (shoot and stalk ) High water & nutrient use efficiency Flood tolerance
4 Erianthus Miscanthus Energy Cane L L
5 Typical selection traits: Brix Pol Fiber Tonnage Sugar/hectare Stubbling ability/machine harvesting Disease and insect resistance Adaptability Cold tolerance (frost and freezes)
6 2007 Maturity Study First ratoon
7 Cold Tolerance Frost Tolerance Freeze Tolerance
8 Prosser Parlier Raleigh Booneville Lane Baton Rouge College Station Beaumont Starkville Auburn Raymond Tifton Gainesville Gainesville Houma
9 Ho Ho US L Starkville, MS Ho
10 High-fiber sugarcane varieties Yield (t/ha) L HoCP Ho LCP Cane (wet) Cane (dry) (13%) 14.8 (17%) 13.7 (17%) 13.2 (18%) Brix 20.8 (26%) 13.9 (16%) 13.0 (16%) 9.6 (13%) Fiber Ethanol 12,720 12,850 11,940 10,530 (L/ha)* * Ethanol yield based on 558 L/MT Brix (80% sucrose) and 330 L/MT fiber
11 Biomass Yield (Mg/ha) 2nd Generation Hybrids 50 Brix 45 Fiber H H H H H L o o o o o
12 Sugar/Energy Cane as a Dedicated Biofeedstock Advantages: Highest energy yield Perennial, noninvasive Diverse genetic makeup Does not flower in temperate Ho climates Dual Substrates: Fiber + Sugar Consistent annual yields (5+ harvests) Fairly long harvest season weather impact minimal Low nutrient requirements Can be grown on less productive soils 200+ year-old biomass handling industry Disadvantages: Vegetatively propagated Crushing required
13 Estimated potential energy cane area: 3,800,000 acres (base acreage: 18,200,000 acres)
14 Integrated Production System Aug. Sep.: Oct. Feb.: Mar. Jun.: Jul.: harvest sweet sorghum harvest sugar and/or energy canes harvest Miscanthus/Erianthus facility maintenance All can be grown and harvested using conventional sugarcane equipment Except for sorghum, all are perennials Tropical Maize? Tropical Sugar Beets?
15 Florida Energy Cane Research and Development USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Station (SFS) Canal Point, Florida Dr. Jack C. Comstock Dr. Serge J. Edmé
16 Florida Energy Cane Project USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Station (USDA-ARS SFS) & University of Florida IFASEREC (Dr. Robert Gilbert) 40+ year relationship Florida Sugarcane League Initial work clones selected from ARS-SFS historical cold tolerant collection (S. spontaneum x com. sugarcane hybrids)
17 Florida Energy Cane Project Initiated continuous bio-energy germplasm program in 2008 ARS Crossing and planting seedlings (6,500 unique genotypes each year) 170 selected for Stage I field testing Univ. of Florida Yield testing Stage I, 170 clones three locations, 2 replications Stage II, clones, three locations, 2 replications Stage III (Fall 2010), 8-10 clones, three locations, 4 replications Clones suitable for commercial sugar cultivars (high brix) transferred to that program
18 Proteome mapping
19 Protein profiling SES 234 CP SES 234 CP65-357
20 SES 234 CP
21 Florida Energy Cane Project Current Continuous Genotype Development Program Many genotypes in pipeline Protein profiling Four high-fiber clones near release for Florida yields equal or better than Houma L disease resistant Future Expand program to northern FL Extend the range of CP sugar cultivars Linkage mapping & microsatellite markers Varietal types geared for different biorefinery configurations high fiber, no sucrose high fiber, some sucrose
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