Unit 3 Wildland Fire Behavior and Safety. Unit 3 Objectives. Monitoring Fire Behavior
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1 Unit 3 Wildland Fire Behavior and Safety 03-1-S190-EP Unit 3 Objectives Identify indications that fire behavior may be increasing. Recognize combined influences that may cause extreme fire behavior and safety concerns. List seven fire environment factors to be aware of while monitoring fire behavior S190-EP Monitoring Fire Behavior Indicators occur that fire is transitioning to problem or even extreme fire behavior 03-3-S190-EP 1
2 Problem vs. Extreme Fire Behavior Problem Fire Behavior: Fire activity that presents a potential hazard to fire personnel if the tactics being used are not adjusted. Extreme Fire Behavior: The highest level of problem fire behavior, described with: 1. Rapid rate of spread 2. Intense burning 3. Spotting 4. Crowning 03-4-S190-EP Problem vs. Extreme Fire Behavior Problem fire behavior 03-5-S190-EP Problem vs. Extreme Fire Behavior Extreme fire behavior *Click on image to play video 03-6-S190-EP 2
3 Incident Response Pocket Guide Use as a field reference to help monitor changing conditions S190-EP Incident Response Pocket Guide The pages of the Operational section are green and placed in front for quick reference in the field. Scan of irpg green section open to L3 The Operational section is where the seven fire environment factors of Look Up, Down and Around are located S190-EP Look Up, Down, and Around The fire environment has been described with a triangle showing: Weather Fuels Topography (Terrain) 03-9-S190-EP 3
4 Look Up, Down, and Around There are seven Fire Environment Factors that fireline personnel must monitor: 1. Fuel Characteristics 2. Fuel Moisture 3. Fuel Temperature 4. Terrain 5. Wind 6. Stability 7. Fire Behavior S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Indicators: Continuous fine fuels S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Indicators: Heavy loading of dead and down S190-EP 4
5 Fuel Characteristics Indicators: Ladder fuels S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Indicators: Tight crown spacing *Click on image to play video S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Special Conditions: Firebrand sources S190-EP 5
6 Fuel Characteristics Special Conditions: Numerous snags S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Special Conditions: Frost and bug kill S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Special Conditions: Preheated canopy S190-EP 6
7 Fuel Characteristics Special Conditions: Unusual fine fuels S190-EP Fuel Characteristics Special Conditions: High dead to live ratio S190-EP Fuel Moisture Indicators: Low RH (< 25%) S190-EP 7
8 Fuel Moisture Indicators: Low 10 hr FMC (< 6%) S190-EP Fuel Moisture Indicators: Drought Conditions S190-EP Fuel Moisture Indicators: Seasonal Drying S190-EP 8
9 Fuel Temperature Indicators: High Temps (>85 F) S190-EP Fuel Temperature Indicators: High % of fuels with direct sun S190-EP Fuel Temperature Indicators: Aspect fuel temp. increasing S190-EP 9
10 Topography (Terrain) Indicators: Steep slopes (> 50%) Insert steep slope pic S190-EP Topography (Terrain) Indicators: Chutes - Chimneys S190-EP Topography (Terrain) Indicators: Saddles S190-EP 10
11 Topography (Terrain) Indicators: Box Canyons S190-EP Topography (Terrain) Indicators: Narrow Canyons S190-EP Wind Indicators: Surface winds above 10 mph S190-EP 11
12 Wind Indicators: Lenticular clouds S190-EP Wind Indicators: High, fast moving clouds S190-EP Wind Indicators: Approaching cold fronts S190-EP 12
13 Wind Indicators: Cumulonimbus development S190-EP Wind Indicators: Sudden calm Wind Be alert for wind change Wind S190-EP Wind Indicators: Battling or shifting winds S190-EP 13
14 Stability Indicators: Good visibility S190-EP Stability Indicators: Gusty winds and dust devils *Click on image to play video S190-EP Stability Indicators: Cumulus clouds S190-EP 14
15 Stability Indicators: Castellatus clouds in the a.m S190-EP Stability Indicators: Smoke rises straight up S190-EP Stability Indicators: Inversion beginning to lift Paradise fire inversion pic S190-EP 15
16 Stability Indicators: Thermal belt S190-EP Fire Behavior Indicators: Leaning column S190-EP Fire Behavior Indicators: Sheared column S190-EP 16
17 Fire Behavior Indicators: Well-developed column S190-EP Fire Behavior Indicators: Changing column S190-EP Fire Behavior Indicators: Trees torching *Click on image to play video S190-EP 17
18 Fire Behavior Indicators: Smoldering fires picking up *Click on image to play video S190-EP Fire Behavior Indicators: Small firewhirls beginning *Click on image to play video S190-EP Fire Behavior Indicators: Frequent spot fires *Click on image to play video S190-EP 18
19 Exercise: Reviewing the 7 Factors 1. Fuel Characteristics 2. Fuel Moisture 3. Fuel Temperature 4. Terrain 5. Wind 6. Stability 7. Fire Behavior S190-EP Review Unit Objectives Identify indications that fire behavior may be increasing. Recognize combined influences that may cause extreme fire behavior and safety concerns. List seven fire environment factors to be aware of while monitoring fire behavior S190-EP 19
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