Emergency Response in the European Forest Fire Information System

Transcription

1 Emergency Response in the European Forest Fire Information System European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability IBBI Workshop, April 2014, Schloss Ringberg

2 Fire monitoring in Europe a history of data harmonization Fire danger exchange in the Mediterranean region

3 Definition and scope of EFFIS System established by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and DG Environment (ENV) as focal point for information on forest fires in Europe (1998) Provides EU level assessments during both pre-fire and post-fire phases, thus supporting fire prevention, preparedness, fire fighting and post-fire operations Complements national fire information systems through the provision of harmonised data, methods and standards Users Establishment of the European Forest Fire Information System EC Services, European Parliament, national/regional forest fires and civil protection services of EU and non-eu countries FAO, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, FAO Silva Mediterranea Operation and development Development by the JRC Operation supported by the EC Directorate Generals ENV, ECHO, JRC

4 EFFIS Area coverage Establishment of the European Forest Fire Information System 4

5 Establishment of the European Forest Fire Information System Joint effort of national and EC services Network of 37 Countries, over 2 million records On-going extension to MENA countries in collaboration with FAO Accession in progress Recently in EFFIS In the EFFIS network PT, ES, FR, UK, IT, CH, DE, SE, CZ, AT, SI, HR,FI, PL, SK, HU, FYROM, GR, EE, LV, LT, RO, BG, TR, CY, IE, MA, LB, ME, BS, KO, AL, RU, ALG, LEB, MOR, TUN

6 Establishment of the European Forest Fire Information System EFFIS

7 Fire size & fire frequency in Europe San-Miguel-Ayanz et al., 2013, Forest Ecology and Management, 294,

8 Burnt areas vs fire danger Number of large fires (>500 ha) and FWI values 700 NUmber of large fires ,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , ,000 Burned area in large fires (>500 ha) by FWI ranges Burned area (ha) SizeClass >20,000 10,000-20,000 5,000-10,000 1,000-5, ,000 0 < >50 FWI ranges 400, ,000 - < >50 FWIclass San-Miguel-Ayanz et al., 2013

9 Fire danger forecast

10 Long-term fire weather forecast

11 Burnt area mapping (Rapid Damage Assessment) -Location -Fire duration -Total burnt area -Landcover affected

12 Fire severity assessment Fire: Andilla (Valencia) Date: Area: ha Fire: Dos Aguas (Valencia) Date: Area: ha 29 May 2014 Miller et al.,

13 Simulation Fire spread modeling Valencia (Dos Aguas) Inputs: Fire permiters from MODIS (every 12 hours). Fire danger forecast (FWI) Fuel Map Digital elevation map Freixiel Fire - Portugal (August 28-29, 2013)

14 Forest fires emissions

15 A v burned area (m 2 ) Fire emissions current method B v biomass (g m -2 ) C burning efficiency (g g -1 ) E v emission coefficient for CO 2 Regional estimates of CO2 emissions CO 2 = v A B C v v E v

16 EFFIS Fire emissions module EFFIS Fire Emissions Chart No fires t t t t > t INFORMATION PROVIDED FOR: Burnt area Burnt biomass CO2CO CH4 PM2_5 PM10 PM (Total) NMHC COV NOX OC EC

17 EFFIS new method for fire emissions and smoke dispersion Rapid damage assessment (day-by-day) of emissions enabled : use of shape of burnt area perimeters updated in EFFIS up to twice a day from MODIS imagery Improved burning efficiency : use of Fire Danger assessment components in EFFIS to provide estimates of fuel moisture content (Fuel components and fuel models according to the US-NFDRS fuel scheme) Improved combustion phase : Information on fuels and meteorological fields in EFFIS allows to reconstruct the fire intensity, then used to discriminate contributions of flaming/smoldering phases (adapted from FOFEM5/CONSUME3) Modeling of the smoke plume using the SCICHEM model (Karamchandani et al., 2000) for the local scale and the CHIMERE model (Bessagnet et al., 2008) for the regional scale.

18 EFFIS new method for fire emissions and smoke dispersion CO emission amounts Region Reference EFFIS system (2003), (2004), (2005), (2006), (2007), (2008), (2009) Whole EU Mediterranean Region *San Miguel et al. GBA-ATSR (2003) 5 countries Mieville etal., 2010 L3JRC 13.3 (2003) 5 countries Tansey et al., 2008 MODIS-based 3.7 (2003) 5 countries Chin et al GBA-ATSR (2003) Ito and Penner, 2004 MOPITT inverse 1.2 (2003) 5 countries Petron et al., 2005 GFED v (2003) 5 countries Van der Werf et al., 2006 GFED v (2003) 5 countries Van der Werf, pers. comm. This study (2009) 5 countries This study Guillaume et al Earsel workshop in pres.

19 Decision Support System for Emergency Response Centre (ERC) of ECHO Size of the burned area (in hectares), start date and last update; LAT/LON coordinates of the fire location and distance in km from potential providers of aircraft support; Country and locality of each fire; Evolution of fire spread (as mapped by EFFIS) overlaid on high resolution satellite imagery; Fire Danger Forecast (FWI) of fire location and surrounding area; Summary of population and critical infrastructures at risk and damage to protected areas.

20 New version of the decision support system for the ERC (under development)

21 Outlook Extension to global fire information systems EFFIS supports efforts to combat fires in Portugal EFFIS monitors fires in Russia and quantifies effects EFFIS monitors the fire in Haifa. EC provides means for fire fighting to support Israel

22 Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS prototype) (beta system in partnership with the GOFC Fire IT, supporting GEO) Canadian, USA, Australian fire danger (ECMWF)

23 Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS prototype) (beta system in partnership with the GOFC Fire IT, supporting GEO)

24 Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS prototype)

25 Global Wildfire Information System (beta system in partnership with the GOFC Fire IT and GEO, e.g. potential data sources) C/CFS/USA/A ustralia Fire danger forecast JRC/USA Maryland MODIS fire perimeters JRC/USA Maryland MODIS fire perimeters JRC Global Soil Erosion Univ. Amsterdam GFED4 MACC community Univ. Alcala Fuel maps + Global/Regional/National fire data service providers

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27 Collaboration in the context of IBBI: 1. Exchange of knowledge on emissions modeling, burnt area mapping, fire modeling, etc. from partners in the network 2. Provision of data from EFFIS for testing, modeling, etc. 3. Contribute to inter-comparison of data/models with other systems 4. Integration of existing emissions (or other) data in/with EFFIS and GWIS