Impact of silviculture on dead wood and on the distribution and frequency of tree. microhabitats in Montane Beech-Fir forests of the Pyrenees.

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1 Impact of silviculture on dead wood and on the distribution and frequency of tree microhabitats in Montane Beech-Fir forests of the Pyrenees. Supplementary material European Journal of Forest Research Number EJFOR-D Authors LARRIEU Laurent ; INRA, INPT/ENSAT, UMR1201 DYNAFOR, F Castanet-Tolosan, France and Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées, 7 chemin de la Lacade, F Auzeville Tolosane. laurent.larrieu@toulouse.inra.fr CABANETTES Alain ; INRA, INPT/ENSAT, UMR1201 DYNAFOR, F Castanet-Tolosan, France. alain.cabanettes@toulouse.inra.fr DELARUE Antoine ; Centre Régional de la Propriété Forestière de Midi-Pyrénées, 7 chemin de la Lacade, F Auzeville Tolosane, France. antoine.delarue@crpf.fr Correspondence address: LARRIEU Laurent; INRA, INPT/ENSAT, UMR1201 DYNAFOR, F Castanet-Tolosan, France; laurent.larrieu@toulouse.inra.fr tel :

2 Table 5 Main relationships between 5 tree microhabitats and taxa in temperate forests Microhabitat Taxa References Cavities birds, bats and other mammals, arthropods, Ranius 2002; Blondel 2005; Tillon 2005; lichens, bryophytes Lucan et al. 2009; Radek et al. 2009; Fritz Cracks bats, spiders birds, flat bugs and Heilmann-Clausen 2010 Cramp et al. 1980; Pénicaud 2000 Meschede and Heller 2003; Tillon 2005; Heiss and Pericart 2007; Stanska et al Dendrothelms Insects, micro-crustaceans Kitching, 1971; Vaillant 1978; Dajoz 2007, Schmidl et al Bark loss Insects, fungi Girompaire and Ballon 1992; Vane et al. 2006; Dajoz 2007 Sporophores of saproxylic fungi Insects, fungi Lisiewska 1992; Ellis and Ellis 1998; Bobiec et al. 2005; Dajoz 2007; Heiss and Pericart 2007 Main characteristics of studied stands The dendrometric structure of the stands studied was irregular for the BF-reference and F-managed stands and almost regular for the others (Fig. 6). The BF-reference stands were mixed: beech and silver fir dominated (95 % of standing volume), but 5 secondary tree species were present (Acer campestre L., A. platanoides L., Prunus avium L., Taxus baccata L. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). All classes of girth were represented. The B-cable stands were dominated by beech, with regularly sized Medium Trees (85<CBH 150 cm). The F -managed stands were dominated by silver fir; although irregular, few Large Trees and no Very Large Trees were present. The B- managed stands were almost pure beech stands, with regularly sized Medium/Large Trees, structured in two vegetation strata. The average basal area (G) of the stands ranged from 23 to 38 m 2 /ha.

3 Fig. 5 Vertical structures of the 4 studied modalities. BF-reference: stands not logged since 1900; B-cable: stands logged in 1960 and unmanaged since; F-managed and B-managed: stands logged 2 or 3 times in the last 20 years. Girth categories: circumference at breast height (CBH) 65 cm Small Tree 85 cm ; Medium Tree 150 cm; Large Tree 210 cm; Very Large Tree >210 cm). Montane beech-fir forests of central Pyrenees

4 Fig. 6 Distribution of trees per girth category. BF-reference: stands not logged since 1900; B-cable: stands logged in 1960 and unmanaged since; F-managed and B-managed: stands logged 2 or 3 times in the last 20 years. Girth categories: circumference at breast height (CBH) 65 cm Small Tree 85 cm ; Medium Tree 150 cm; Large Tree 210 cm; Very Large Tree >210 cm). Montane beech-fir forests of central Pyrenees

5 Table 6 Scale of decay stages used for categorisation of dead wood items (adapted from Maser et al., 1984 and Sippola et al., 1998) Note Criteria of evaluation 0.5 Dying tree 1 Tree dead for 1 year at the most, bark attached, knife blade enters a few mm only 2 Bark is loose and starting to fall, wood still hard, knife blade enters maximum 1 or 2 cm only 3 Bark has nearly all fallen (on fir), decomposition of wood has begun, knife blade enters 3 to 5 cm 4 Decomposition of wood is quite advanced; knife blade enters up to hilt 5 Wood almost disintegrated; presence in wood of species belonging to soil-dwelling fauna

6 Table 7 Comparison of dead wood volume (m 3 ) per decay stage and per dead wood object type (stumps, snags and logs). All tree species. B-cable: stands logged in 1960 and unmanaged since; B-managed and F-managed: stands logged 2 or 3 times in the last 20 years; BF-reference: stands not logged since Montane beech-fir stands in central Pyrenees Modality Decay stage Stumps Snags Logs B-cable B-managed F-managed BF-reference

7 Fig. 7 Circumference at breast height recursive partitioning tree according to microhabitat presence on fir (Abies alba). Live trees only. Microhabitats: cavities, sporophores of saproxylic fungi, dendrothelms, bark losses and cracks. Montane beech-fir stands in central Pyrenees

8 Fig. 8 Circumference at breast height recursive partitioning tree according to microhabitat presence on beech (Fagus sylvatica). Live trees only. Microhabitats: cavities, sporophores of saproxylic fungi, dendrothelms, bark losses and cracks. Montane beech-fir stands in central Pyrenees