ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRE for PACIFIC CROPS and TREES

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1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRE for PACIFIC CROPS and TREES officially opened in Sept 1999 as the Regional Germplasm Centre (RGC) under EU/AUSAID funding Name changed from RGC to CePaCT in April 2007 : CePaCT has extended its activities to include tree species because of their importance to food security and income generation

2 CePaCT MAIN OBJECTIVE Working to assist agricultural development in the region through the sustainable conservation and effective use of plant genetic resources

3 WHAT CePaCT can offer for Pacific Countries Climate change ready crops of banana, cassava, swamp taro, sweet potato, taro and yam tolerant to drought, salt, waterlogged, acid soils OTHER CROP DIVERSITY /IMPROVED VARIETIES: Taro Leaf Blight (TLB) resistant taro Taro from S.E Asia new genepool to improve diversity Bananas resistant to Black Leaf Streak (BLS) Yams resistant to anthracnose New lines of s/potato (orange fleshed) high in carotenoids good for the health New lines of cassava (high in carotenoids) Breadfruit varieties that produce all year round fruiting

4 USING AGROBIODIVERSITY TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES: CLIMATE CHANGE Several components: Climate-ready collection Salt tolerance research Drought tolerance research Breeding for drought tolerance Climate/crop model for cassava Agrobiodiversity studies Adaptive capacity studies

5 CePaCT CLIMATE READY COLLECTION (established under AUSAid climate change project since June 2009) Established from crops obtained locally and recommended by countries as having grown in certain conditions with demonstrated tolerance to drought, waterlogged, etc CePaCT also sourced crops (mainly banana and sweet potato) from International Research Agricultural Centres with demonstrated tolerance to some of extreme climatic conditions eg drought, salt Distributed for evaluation in the Pacific - varieties performed well to certain conditions and recommended by countries are fed into the climate ready collection

6 CLIMATE-READY COLLECTION Mar 2012 CROPS Scientific Name No. Accessions Available on Distribution Tolerance to: 1 Banana Musa spp 44 salt,drought,waterlogged 2 Cryrtosperma Cyrtosperma merkusii 9 swampy conditions waterlogged 3 Cassava Manihot esculenta 6 salt, drought, acid soils 4 Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas 71 salt, drought, waterlogged 5 Taro Colocasia esculenta 5 waterlogged, drought 6 Yam Dioscorea alata 1 drought 136 6

7 DISTRIBUTION OF CLIMATE-READY CROPS: Jun 09 6 Mar 2012 Distributed to 15 Pacific Island countries Cook Islands, Fiji, FSM, Guam, Kiribati, Nauru, Norfolk Islands, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu (FAO proj), Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna Total of 7,104 plants CROP No Acc No Bottles No Plants Banana 222 2,141 2,593 Cassava Swamp taro Sweet potato 374 1,794 3,610 Taro Yam TOTAL 723 4,736 7,104

8 INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (ITPGRFA) The SPC Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT), the region s genebank housing over 1,000 accessions of staple food crops (mainly taro) uses the SMTA for all germplasm exchanges

9 INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (ITPGRFA) In 2009 the Annex 1 collections maintained by CePaCT for the region were placed in the MLS of the Treaty. 2011: Signing of the agreement for SPC to act as an agent in the implementation of the Treaty for Contracting Parties in the region To date 5 countries have acceded to the Treaty and New Caledonia and French Polynesia (through France but the countries also held internal consultations)

10 THE INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE: HOW THE TREATY OPERATES Need access to GR from other countries increasingly so No country self-sufficient in genetic resources This interdependence is the rationale behind the IT Negotiated over 7 years by 164 countries We are all interdependent on each other for genetic resources

11 WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF THE TREATY? The conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture The fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), for sustainable agriculture and food security

12 A KEY COMPONENT OF THE TREATY: THE STANDARD MATERIAL TRANSFER AGREEMENT (SMTA) The Standard Material Transfer Agreement sets out the obligations of the provider and recipient of the material, regarding Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and benefit sharing

13 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE SMTA (2) Article 6 refers to the rights and obligations of the recipient Defines the purposes for which the material can be used The Recipient shall not claim any intellectual property or other rights that limit the facilitated access to the Material or its genetic parts or components Commercialization a number of alternatives exist providing ideas for different approaches

14 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE SMTA (3) 6.7 In the case that the Recipient commercializes a Product that is a Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture and that incorporates Material as referred to in Article 3 of this Agreement, and where such Product is not available without restriction to others for further research and breeding, the Recipient shall pay a fixed percentage of the Sales of the commercialized Product into the mechanism established by the Governing Body for this purpose, in accordance with Annex 2 to this Agreement.

15 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE SMTA (4) Annex 2 RATE AND MODALITIES OF PAYMENT UNDER ARTICLE 6.7 OF THIS AGREEMENT 1. If a Recipient, its affiliates, contractors, licensees, and lessees, commercializes a Product or Products, then the Recipient shall pay one point-one percent (1.1 %) of the Sales of the Product or Products less thirty percent (30%);

16 Supply and Exchange of Tree Germplasm in the Pacific

17 Strategy & Action Plans for Forest Genetic Resources The first strategy & action plan developed in 1999 A revised strategy & action plan developed in 2007 it was adopted by the 3 rd Regional Meeting of HOAFs & 2 nd Regional Meeting of MOAF held in Samoa in September, 2008, as the framework under which PICs develop and implement activities and policies for the development of their forest genetic resources; and Establishment of a Regional Tree Seed Centre and programmes under the centre are the priority actions agreed in the strategic action plan.. 17

18 Key Thematic Areas for FGR Research & Development Food security, nutrition & health Reforestation & forest rehabilitation Sustainable forest Forest management Climate change Endangered species, populations & habitats Germplasm supply and exchange Traditional knowledge Community & agroforestry management Forest & tree products market development Invasive species, Pests pests & & diseases Environmental Services services from forests. 18

19 Establishment of the Pacific Islands Tree Seed Centre - to assist PICTs to collect and share germplasm of timber, fruit/nut tree and shrub species of high regional importance, species of particular importance for their resistance to cyclones, coastal protection and atolls. - to act as a centre-of-excellence providing technical support, training, information and advice to member PICTs (seed technology, propagation techniques and establishment of seed production areas for priority species that are hard to collect from the wild).

20 Equipment Donated from JICA Tree Seed Storage Walk-in seed cold storage Laboratory Equipment for Tree Seed Research Drying oven, balances (2), microscope, water distillation apparatus, etc. Forest Genetic Resource Database Computers (3), GIS software (2), GPSs (2) and digital camera Total : FJ$118,821.23

21 Seed Storage and Seed Testing Equipment

22 Improving Governance and Building Capacities for Safe Movement of Tree Germplasm between Pacific Island Countries (May 2009-May 2010) AusAID Pacific Governance Support Program (PGSP) Co-funded by SPC and CSIRO Collaborative 1 year project between SPC, CSIRO and 8 Pacific Island Countries (Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) which aims to: work closely with key groups in the Pacific Island Countries e.g. forestry departments, quarantine & biosecurity personnel, to review and assess the relevant issues, risks and constraints which impede the efficient and safe movement of wild and improved tree germplasm between countries build capacities for improved governance and intra-governmental linkages to aid safe movement; make practical recommendations to minimise the problems

23 Strengthening Capacities in Tree Seed Technologies in Pacific Island Countries (July 2011-June 2014) AusAID Pacific Public Sector Linkages Program (PSLP) Collaborative 3 year project with CSIRO, SPC and 6 Pacific Island Countries (Fiji, PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) Objectives: To improve capabilities of the Regional Forest Tree Seed Centre, the PIC national tree seed agencies and some private sector firms to address their clear and urgent need to collect and share tree germplasm of timber, fruit, nut and shrub species of high regional priority, through provision of advice, information, a comprehensive Tree Seed Training Program and other activities.. 23

24 Program of activities of the Pacific Islands Tree Seed Centre 1. Development of the Material Transfer Agreement, 2. Additional equipment for the Centre (germination cabinet, seed storage, seed collection equipment, etc.) 3. Additional structural facilities (Seed processing area, greenhouse, nursery facilities, etc,) 4. Identification and Seed Collection of Priority Tree Species 5. Conduct research and training on seed technology and propagation techniques 6. Establishment of seed orchards /seed production areas of priority tree species 7. Publications/Information bulletins, etc.

25 Priority Tree Species for Attention by the Pacific Islands Tree Seed Centre Species Occurrence Primary Uses Seed Type 1.Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) Indo, PNG, W Melanesia, Micronesia Fruit, multi-purpose recalcitrant 2.Barringtonia species widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere species specific nut, multi-purpose, coastal stabilisation recalcitrant 3.Canarium species (Pacific vars) widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere edible nut, veg. oil, timber, firewood recalcitrant 4.Cocus nucifera (coconut) widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere food, coastal stabilisation, wood etc. recalcitrant 5.Cordia subcordata widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere wood for crafts, coastal stabilisation etc. orthodox 6.Endospermum species (Pacific vars) widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere timber, multipurpose variable depending on species

26 Priority Tree Species for Attention by the Pacific Islands Tree Seed Centre 7.Flueggea flexuosa (poumuli) Philippines to Vanuatu, exotic in Samoa and elsewhere timber, multipurpose orthodox 8.Inocarpus fagifer (Tahitian chestnut) widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere edible nut, wood, coastal stabilisation etc. recalcitrant 9.Intsia bijuga (kwila) widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere timber, multipurpose orthodox 10.Pandandus tectorius widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere food, multi-purpose recalcitrant 11.Pometia pinnata (tuan) widely dist. in Pacific, also elsewhere timber recalcitrant 12.Pterocarpus indicus (rosewood) SE Asia, PNG, SI, Van timber, multipurpose orthodox

27 Priority Tree Species for Attention by the Pacific Islands Tree Seed Centre 13.Santalum (sandalwood) species Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, also elsewhere essential oil orthodox 14.Spondias dulcis ( ) widely distributed tropics and subtropics 15.Swietenia macrophylla Introduced in many Pacific countries timber Intermediate? 16.Tectona grandis (teak) Introduced in many Pacific countries timber 17.Terminalia species (Pacific vars) widely distributed tropics and subtropics timber, edible nuts, multiple uses, cyclone resistance variable, species of interest most likely orthodox

28 Key to the Success of the Operation of the Pacific Islands Tree Seed Centre Regional cooperation among member countries to share their genetic resources with other member countries. Financial and technical support from international and regional partners of its operational and related activities