MEDICINE BOW-ROUTT NATIONAL FOREST AND THUNDER BASIN NATIONAL GRASSLAND

Transcription

1 MEDICINE BOW-ROUTT NATIONAL FOREST AND THUNDER BASIN NATIONAL GRASSLAND 2013 FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN Written by: Updated by: Casey Cheesbrough Engine Captain Parks Ranger District /S/ Date: 04/01/2010 Jay Miller AFMO Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest /S/ Date: 05/03/2013 Daron Reynolds FMO Laramie Ranger District (Acting) /S/ Date: 05/03/2013 Casey Cheesbrough Engine Captain Parks Ranger District /S/ Date: 05/03/2013 Reviewed by: Vern Bentley FMO Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest /S/ Date:

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3 Interagency Federal fire policy requires that every area with burnable vegetation must have a Fire Management Plan (FMP). This FMP provides information concerning the fire process for the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and Thunder Basin National Grassland and compiles guidance from existing sources such as but not limited to, the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plans (LRMP), national policy, and national and regional directives. The potential consequences to firefighter and public safety and welfare, natural and cultural resources, and values to be protected help determine the appropriate management response (AMR) during a fire. Firefighter and public safety are the first consideration and are always the priority during each and every response to a fire. The following chapters discuss broad forest and specific Fire Management Unit (FMU) characteristics and guidance. Chapter 1 introduces the area covered by the FMP, includes a map of the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and Thunder Basin National Grassland, addresses the agencies involved, and states why the forest is developing the FMP. Chapter 2 establishes the link between higher-level planning documents, legislation, and policies and the actions described in FMP. Chapter 3 articulates specific goals, objectives, standards, guidelines, and/or desired future condition(s), as established in the forest s LMP, which apply to all the forest s FMUs and those that are unique to the forest s individual FMUs.

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5 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction... 1 Chapter 2. Policy, Land Management Planning, and Partnerships National and Regional Fire Management Policy Land and Resource Management Plans Medicine Bow National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Routt National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plan Partnerships... 3 Chapter 3. Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance Fire Management Considerations Applicable to All Forest Management Unit Fire Management Unit Designation Wildland Fire Strategies Medicine Bow National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance Routt National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance Thunder Basin Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance Physical Characteristics that Apply to All Fire Management Units Chapter 4. Sierra Madre Fire Management Planning Area Sierra Madre 1 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 2 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 3 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 4 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 5 Fire Management Unit Chapter 5. Snowy Range Fire Management Planning Area Snowy Range 1 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 2 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 3 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 4 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 5 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 6 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 7 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 8 Fire Management Unit Chapter 6. Pole Mountain Fire Management Planning Area Pole Mountain 1 Fire Management Unit Fire Management Plan 2013

6 Chapter 7. Laramie Peak Fire Management Planning Area Laramie Peak 1 Fire Management Unit Laramie Peak 2 Fire Management Unit Chapter 8. Thunder Basin Fire Management Planning Area Thunder Basin 1 Fire Management Unit Chapter 9. Flat Tops Fire Management Planning Area Flat Tops 1 Fire Management Unit Flat Tops 2 Fire Management Unit Chapter 10. Gore Pass Fire Management Planning Area Gore Pass 1 Fire Management Unit Gore Pass 2 Fire Management Unit Chapter 11. Troublesome Fire Management Planning Area Troublesome 1 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 2 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 3 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 4 Fire Management Unit Chapter 12. Camp Creek Fire Management Planning Area Camp Creek 1 Fire Management Unit Chapter 13. Mount Zirkel Fire Management Planning Area Mount Zirkel 1 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 2 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 3 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 4 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 5 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 6 Fire Management Unit Chapter 14. Bears Ears Fire Management Planning Area Bears Ears 1 Fire Management Unit Bears Ears 2 Fire Management Unit

7 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION The Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest (MBRNF) and Thunder Basin National Grassland (TBNG) developed this FMP as a decision support tool to help fire personnel and decision makers determine the appropriate management response to an unplanned ignition. FMPs do not make decisions. Instead, they provide information, organized by FMUs, which provides a finer scale summarization of information than is possible at the forest level. These descriptions bring specific detail about the identifiable areas on the ground. FMPs are not static documents. They will evolve and be revised as conditions change on the ground and as modifications are made to the unit s LMP. Page 1 of 254

8 CHAPTER 2. POLICY, LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING, AND PARTNERSHIPS The regulations and policy in the following documents guide the fire management as outlined in this FMP. 2.1 National and Regional Fire Management Policy Forest Service policy and Direction that are relevant to this plan include: 1995 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy and Program Review (January 2001) Guidance for Implementation of Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy (February 2009) National Fire Plan Forest Service Manual 5100 Forest Service Manual 2320 (January 2007 Forest Service Handbook 5109 The Wilderness Act of 1964 In June, 2003 guidance for the implementation of Federal Wildland fire Management Policy was provided in the Interagency Strategy for the Implementation of Federal Wildland Fire Policy. The Fire Executive Council updated the implementation guidance in February, 2009 by issuing the document titled, Guidance for Implementation of Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy. The updated guidance provides revised direction for consistent implementation of the Review and Update of the 1995 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy (January 2001).The new implementation document lists the following nine guidelines for consistent implementation of federal Wildland Fire Policy. 1. Wildland fire management agencies will use common standards for all aspects of their fire management programs to facilitate effective collaboration among cooperating agencies. 2. Agencies and bureaus will review, update, and develop agreements that clarify the jurisdictional interrelationships and define the roles and responsibilities among local, state, tribal and federal fire protection entities. 3. Responses to wildland fire will be coordinated across levels of government regardless of the jurisdiction at the ignition source. 4. Fire management planning will be intergovernmental in scope and developed on a landscape scale. 5. Wildland fire is a general term describing any non-structure fire that occurs in the wildland. Wildland fires are categorized into two distinct types: a. Wildfires- Unplanned ignitions or prescribed fires that are declared wildfires. b. Prescribed Fires- Planned ignitions. 6. A wildland fire may be concurrently managed for one or more objectives and objectives can change as the fire spreads across the landscape. Objectives are affected by changes in fuels, weather, topography, varying social understanding and tolerance; and involvement of other governmental jurisdictions having different missions and objectives. 7. Management response to a wildland fire on federal land is based on objectives established in the applicable Land and Resource Management Plan and/or the Fire Management Plan. 8. Initial action on human-caused wildfire will be to suppress the fire at the lowest cost with the fewest negative consequences with respect to firefighter and public safety. 9. Managers will use a decision support process to guide and document wildfire management decisions. The process will provide situational assessment, analyze hazards and risk, define implementation actions, and document decisions and rationale for those decisions. Page 2 of 254

9 2.2 Land and Resource Management Plans Medicine Bow National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan The Medicine Bow National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan was originally issued in October It was then revised in December The 1985 plan and the subsequent 2003 revision establishes land and resource management direction, objectives, guidelines, standards, and desired future conditions for the Medicine Bow portion of the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest Routt National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan The Routt National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (Routt LRMP) was revised The 1997 revision replaced the original plan as written in The 1983 plan along with the subsequent 1997 revision establishes land and resource management direction, objectives, guidelines, standards, and desired future conditions for the Routt portion of the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest. The Routt National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement (Routt FEIS) documents the analysis of seven alternatives, which were developed for possible management of the 1.3 million acres administered by the Routt National Forest. This document supplements the Routt LRMP and provides more detailed information in some instances Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plan The Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management was revised in The 2001 revision replaced the 1987 Medicine Bow National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan as it pertained to the Thunder Basin National Grassland. This FMP will help meet general land management direction, objectives, guidelines, standards, and desired future conditions as outlined in the 2001Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plan. 2.3 Partnerships Due to the wide range of land ownership in and around the MBRNF and TBNG it is imperative that the Forest work closely with a variety of federal, state, and local fire management cooperators. Cooperative fire management agreements exist between the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Forest Service (USFS), and the states of Colorado, Nebraska, and South Dakota. These agreements can be found in the Fire Business Management Handbook (FSH ). A cooperative fire control agreement also exists between the USFS (represented by the Regional Foresters for Regions 2 and 4), the State of Wyoming (represented by the State Forester), BIA (represented by the Area Director), BLM (represented by the Wyoming State Director), and the individual counties (represented by their respective County Commissioners). Each county that has signed the Cooperative Fire Control Agreement should prepare and distribute an Annual Operating Plan (AOP), which is signed by its cooperators. The MBRNF and TBNG are cooperators of Albany, Campbell, Carbon, Converse, Laramie, Platte, Natrona, Niobrara, and Weston counties in Wyoming and Routt, Grand, Garfield, Moffat, Rio Blanco, and Jackson counties in Colorado. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Regional Foresters for Regions 2 and 4, and the Wyoming National Guard provides for cooperative fire suppression support services in Wyoming. The Medicine Bow National Forest is the contact for resources from the Wyoming National Guard, and also handles financial business concerning the National Guard. The MBRNF and TBNG also participate in the Casper Interagency Dispatch Zone Coordination Group, Craig Interagency Dispatch Zone Coordination Group, and the Rocky Mountain Coordinating Group. Page 3 of 254

10 Agreements and (AOPs) have been prepared with the interagency partners and are located at the Forest Supervisor s Office in Laramie, Wyoming and the appropriate District Offices. These can also be found in the MBRNF and TBNG Fire Management Electronic Reference File. CHAPTER 3. LAND AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN GUIDANCE The primary purpose of developing FMUs in fire management planning is to assist in organizing information in complex landscapes. FMUs divide the landscape into smaller geographic areas to easily describe safety considerations, physical, biological, social characteristics and to frame associated planning guidance based on these characteristics. The following information, including the summaries of fuels conditions, weather and burning patterns, and other conditions in specific FMUs, helps determine the management response to an unplanned ignition and provides a quick reference to the strategic goals in the MBNF and TBNG Land and Resource Management Plans. 3.1 Fire Management Considerations Applicable to All Forest Management Unit Fire Management Unit Designation In order to account for the variety of control strategies that are to be considered in different areas, this FMP divides the land geographically into ten Fire Management Planning Areas (FMPAs): Sierra Madre Snowy Range Pole Mountain Laramie Peak Thunder Basin Troublesome Flat Tops Gore Pass Bears Ears Camp Creek Mount Zirkel These FMPAs are further divided into Fire Management Units (FMUs). FMUs are numbered accordingly to differentiate between areas that differ geographically or have different control strategies that are encouraged in the area by the appropriate LRMP. The lower numbered FMU s are those that allow the most leeway in the extent to which fire is allowed to interact with the landscape. Higher numbered FMUs typically have less leeway in the extent to which fire is allowed to interact with the landscape Wildland Fire Strategies The Medicine Bow, Routt, and Grassland LRMPs identify three control strategies: Direct, Perimeter, and Prescription Control and apply these strategies to the various Management Areas (MAs). Management Actions on wildland fires will consist of one of or a combination of these strategies as outlined in the LRMP s. These three strategies are defined as follows: Page 4 of 254

11 1. Direct Control Fire Management Plan 2013 Strategy employed in wildland fire management where a fire perimeter is managed as much as possible by direct actions. This strategy correlates to suppression-oriented response. 2. Perimeter Control Strategy employed in fire management that seeks to confine a fire by a combination of direct and indirect actions. Fires beneficial effects may be realized. This strategy relates to suppression-oriented response through fire management for resource benefit. 3. Prescription Control Strategy employed in wildland fire management where a fire is managed by prescription criteria, whether geographic boundaries or predetermined burning properties. This strategy relates to a more managed fire scenario for resource benefits Medicine Bow National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance. The Medicine Bow National Forest LRMP provides Forest-wide direction outlining the desired condition of the Forest. This guidance is separated into two categories; short term (10 years) and long term (50 years) this guidance is described in and of this document. The LRMP also lists Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines, section contains the Standards and Guidelines that are related to fire management Fire and Fuels Management (Short Term Goals and Objectives) The National Fire Plan (NFP) direction came to the Forest Service in In carrying out the NFP, the Forest and its partners work together to galvanize fire preparedness, suppression, and prevention efforts. Working together, we have identified communities threatened by wildfires and developed strategies and prioritized projects to avoid, reduce, and mitigate fire losses in those communities as well as increased efforts to protect natural resources, including watersheds, wildlife and TES habitats, and rehabilitated and restored forests. The State of Wyoming posted their list of Communities at Risk in the Federal Register on August 17, The Forest continues to actively participate with the Wyoming State Forester, counties, other federal and state agencies, and other fire agencies to jointly develop fire management plans and fuels reduction projects to address protection of these communities at risk. Additionally, the Forest has institutionalized the goals of the NFP, working with states and counties to reduce fuels in interface areas, communities at risk, and areas of high resource value. By the end of the decade all these areas will have NEPA completed for fuels reduction treatments and those treatments (and follow-up treatments) are being scheduled and implemented in the appropriate conditions. A Fire Management Plan is in place. Prescribed fire and wildland fire use plans will be in place to manage fires under prescribed conditions to meet Land Management Plan (LMP) direction when conditions allow. The Forest has successfully increased the number of acres of fuels treated annually and has a consistent annual program for fuels treatment. Through an integrated vegetation management program that includes timber, fuels, range, and wildlife, condition classes of forest vegetation are being managed to achieve lower risk of catastrophic losses in high value areas. The Forest utilizes a variety of tools, such as timber sales, stewardship contracts, service contracts, force account and volunteer labor, and prescribed fires to achieve desired conditions. The Forest is actively working with the States, other agencies, counties, and communities to restore healthy, resilient ecosystems on lands at risk from catastrophic fire, improving the condition and function of critically important watersheds, while sustaining biodiversity. Page 5 of 254

12 Fire and Fuels Management (Long Term Goals and Objectives) The Forest continues to actively work with the Wyoming State Forester, Counties, other federal and state agencies, and other fire agencies to jointly develop fire management plans and fuels reduction projects to address protection of communities at risk. Additionally, the Forest has institutionalized the goals of the NFP, working with states and counties to reduce fuels in interface areas, communities at risk, and areas of high resource value. These areas all have NEPA completed for fuels reduction treatments and those treatments (and follow-up treatments) are being scheduled and implemented in the appropriate conditions. The Forest has a consistent annual program in fuels treatment aimed at maintaining lower risk around communities. The Forest has implemented an effective, integrated vegetation management program that includes timber, fuels, range, and wildlife, so condition classes of forest vegetation are changing to achieve lower risk of catastrophic losses in high value areas Medicine Bow LRMP Standards and Guidelines Related to Fire Management. The standards indicated below are actions that must be followed or are required limits to activities in order to achieve forest goals. Deviations from standards must be analyzed and documented in a forest plan amendment. The following guidelines are advisable courses of action that should be followed to achieve forest goals. Deviations from guidelines must be analyzed during project level analysis and documented in a project document but do not require a forest plan amendment. Air Soils Standards 1. Conduct all land management activities to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local air quality standards and regulations including: [R2 Desk Guide] a) The Clean Air Act (federal), as amended, P.L b) Wyoming Air Quality Standards and Regulations (WAQSR) 2. Meet requirements of the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD), State Implementation Plans (SIP), and applicable Smoke Management Plans Guideline 1. Minimize the amount and impact of smoke for each prescribed fire by identifying smoke sensitive areas, using best available control measures, monitoring smoke impacts, and following guidance in the WAQSR Chapter 10; Section-2 Open Burning restrictions. [R2 Desk Guide] Standards 1. Manage land treatments to limit the sum of severely burned and detrimentally compacted, eroded, and displaced land to no more than 15% of any activity area (FSH ). [R2 Desk Guide] 2. Maintain or improve long term levels of organic matter and nutrients on all lands. [R2 desk Guide] Guideline 1. Prohibit soil-disturbing activities (e.g. road construction, well pad construction) on slopes greater than 60% and on soils susceptible to high erosion and geologic hazard. [R2 Desk Guide] Page 6 of 254

13 Fire Fire Management Plan Perform an on-site slope stability examination on slopes over 40% prior to designing roads or activities that remove most or all of the timber canopy. Limit intensive ground-disturbing activities on unstable slopes identified during the examinations. [R2 Desk Guide] Standards 1. Use Appropriate Management Response 2 (AMR) on all wildfires according to Management Area and Geographic Area direction. [R2 Regional Office, Medicine Bow NF] Guidelines 1. When feasible and appropriate, use broadcast burning to dispose of slash in order to return the inorganic and organic chemicals in the foliage and small woody material to the soil, to reduce fire hazard, and to provide seed beds for natural regeneration. [R2 Desk Guide] 2. Where feasible and appropriate, use prescribed fire throughout the landscape, including in wilderness areas, in special interest areas, research natural areas, and inventoried roadless areas to accomplish resource management goals and objectives. [Medicine Bow NF] 3. When determining the appropriate fire management response, consider the following factors: Fuel Treatment Guidelines a. Proximity to other ownerships including all wildland urban interfaces. b. Values at risk such as suitable timber, structural improvements, and special interest areas. c. Steep topography and motorized access to the area. d. Protection of watersheds, especially those that provide drinking water for local communities. e. Concerns related to wildlife habitat management. f. Other multiple use, ecosystem management, or agency policy objectives. [Medicine Bow NF] 1. Reduce the threat of wildfire to public and private developments by following guidelines in the National Fire Protection Association Publication 299, Protection of Life and Property from Wildfire, and reduce the fuel load to acceptable levels. [R2 Desk Guide] 2. Manage for fire conditions and fire fighting strategies in Wildland Urban Interface areas with a high level of cooperation with cooperating agencies and governments Medicine Bow Management Area Prescriptions Each of the FMUs outlined in this plan contain a number of Geographic Areas as outlined in the Medicine Bow, Routt, and Grassland LRMPs. In the LRMPs the Geographic Areas are then further divided into different Management Areas. Each Management Area has a certain emphasis that will direct management activities on that specified piece of land. They include required prescriptions, standards, and guidelines; which provide guidance to fire managers when determining a management response for an unplanned ignition. Tables [ (a-g)] list the Management Area Prescriptions found in the Medicine Bow LRMP including the standards and guidelines applicable to fire and fuels management. Green Management Areas are those whose LRMP guidance suggests that a direct, perimeter, or prescription control strategy or a perimeter or prescription control strategy be used when managing an unplanned ignition. Page 7 of 254

14 Yellow Management Areas are those whose LRMP guidance suggests that a direct or perimeter control strategy be used when managing unplanned ignitions. Red Management Areas are those whose LRMP guidance suggests that a direct control strategy be used when managing unplanned ignitions. Table (a): Medicine Bow 1 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 1.13 Wilderness, Semi-primitive Recommended for Wilderness Backcountry Recreation, Year-round Nonmotorized Backcountry Recreation, Summer Nonmotorized with Winter Snowmobiling National River System, Wild Rivers Designated and Eligible Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. Where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques that minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. Guideline: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Table (b): Medicine Bow 2 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 2.1 Special Interest Areas 2.2 Research Natural Areas Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Guidelines: 1. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. 2. Focus wildland fire management activities on protecting the values for which the SIA was identified. 3. Use Minimum Impact Suppression Tactics (MIST) where practical. 4. Design fuel reduction projects to maintain or protect the values for which the SIA was identified. Standard: 1. Where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques which minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. Guidelines: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. 2. Use prescribed fire when it is necessary to restore a natural fire management regime, 3. Consult the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Research Station on all prescribed burns. Table (c): Medicine Bow 3 Management Area Prescriptions Page 8 of 254

15 Management Area Backcountry Recreation, Year-round Motorized Backcountry Recreation, Summer Motorized with Winter Nonmotorized National River System, Scenic Rivers Designated and Eligible Forested Flora or Fauna Habitats, Limited Snowmobiling Aspen Maintenance and Enhancement Crucial Deer and Elk Winter Range Special Wildlife Areas (Sheep Mountain) Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. When Possible, where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques which minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. Guideline: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Guidelines: 1. Where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques, which minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. 2. Utilize appropriate fuel management practices, including prescribed fire, to achieve resource management objectives. 3. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Guidelines: 1. Focus wildland fire management activities on enhancing or protecting scenic river characteristics. 2. When possible, where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques that minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. 3. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Guideline: 1. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Guidelines: 1. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. 2. Focus wildland fire management activities on protecting the values for which this refuge was designated. Table (d): Medicine Bow 4 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 4.2 Scenery 4.3 Dispersed Recreation Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Guideline: 1. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Guideline: 1. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy. Page 9 of 254

16 Table (e): Medicine Bow 5 Management Area Prescriptions 5.12 Management Area General Forest and Rangelands, Rangeland Vegetation Emphasis 5.13 Forest Products 5.41 Deer and Elk Winter Range Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Guideline: 1. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy Bighorn Sheep Habitat 5.15 Forest Products, Ecological Maintenance and Restoration Considering the Historic Range of Variability Guideline: 1. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Table (f): Medicine Bow 7 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 7.1 Residential/Forest Interface Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce fire intensity levels within 3 years after vegetation management activities are completed. Guidelines: 1. Cooperate with state and local governments and fire protection districts in developing fire hazard reduction plans and ordinances. 2. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. Table (g): Medicine Bow 8 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels 8.21 Developed Recreation 8.22 Ski-based Resorts 8.3 Utility Corridors and Electronic Sites Guideline: 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. 8.6 Administrative Sites Page 10 of 254

17 3.1.4 Routt National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance Routt Goals and Objectives Applicable to Fire Management Goal 1: Ecosystem management on the Routt National Forest shall provide for multiple-use outputs and the habitats and processes necessary to maintain the biological diversity found on the Forest. Objectives: 1. Maintain Soil Productivity 2. Work cooperatively with national, state, and local interests to protect water related values in perpetuity on National Forest System Lands. 3. Improve water quality, channel stability, and aquatic habitat in areas not meeting State water quality standards and in watersheds of concern and meet the anti-degradation clause of the Clean Water Act across the Forest. 4. Avoid activities which contribute to air quality degradation and atmospheric deposition in the Mount Zirkel Wilderness. 5. Conduct project analysis at the landscape scale, where appropriate. 6. Maintain or create habitats suitable for a stable or increasing population of federally listed threatened and endangered species and Forest Service, Region 2 sensitive species for the Routt National Forest, including the Colorado River cutthroat trout. 7. Limit the proliferation of undesirable nonnative plant and animal species through various activities and practices Routt Standards and Guidelines Related to Fire and Fuels Management The standards indicated below are actions that must be followed or are required limits to activities in order to achieve forest goals. Deviations from standards must be analyzed and documented in a forest plan amendment. The following guidelines are advisable courses of action that should be followed to achieve forest goals. Deviations from guidelines must be analyzed during project level analysis and documented in a project document but do not require a forest plan amendment. Air Soils Standards 1. Conduct all land management activities to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local air quality standards and regulations including: 1.1 Federal: The Clean Air Act, as amended, 1991, P.L State of Colorado: The Colorado Air Quality Control Act, colorado Statutes through Standards 1. Limit roads and other disturbed sites to the minimum feasible number, width, and total length consistent with the purpose of specific operations, local topography, and climate. 2. Construct roads and other disturbed sites to minimize sediment discharge into streams, lakes, and wetlands. Page 11 of 254

18 3. Stabilize and maintain roads and other disturbed sites during and after construction to control erosion. 4. Reclaim roads and other disturbed sites when use ends, as needed, to prevent resource damage. 5. Manage land treatments to the sum of severely burned and detrimentally compacted, eroded, and displaced land to no more than 15% of any land unit (FSH ). 6. Maintain or improve long term levels of organic matter and nutrients on all lands. Guidelines 1. Reduce resource damage and investment loss in areas that have a mass movement potential. 2. Perform an on-site slope stability examination on slopes over 30% prior to design of roads or activities that remove most, or all of the timber canopy. Limit intensive ground-disturbing activities on unstable slopes identified during the examinations. Water and Aquatic Fire Standards 1. Manage land treatments to maintain enough organic ground cover in each land unit to prevent harmful increased runoff. 2. Do not degrade ground cover, soil structure, water budgets, or flow patterns in wetlands. 3. Place new sources of chemical and pathogenic pollutants where such pollutants will not reach surface or ground water. 4. Apply chemicals using methods which minimize risk of entry to surface or ground water. Guidelines 1. When feasible and appropriate, use broadcast burning to dispose of slash in order to return the inorganic and organic chemicals in the foliage and small woody material to the soil, to reduce fire hazard, and to provide seedbeds for natural regeneration Routt National Forest Management Area Prescriptions The 1983 Land and resource Management Plan (1983 Plan) for the Routt National forest included specific direction on how to manage different land areas. These land areas were called management areas and are once again used in the 1997 Revised Plan. Each management has a certain emphasis which will direct management activities on that piece of land. They include prescriptions, or standards and guidelines, that are required so the Revised Plan and DEIS refer to the areas as management area prescriptions. The management area prescriptions are grouped in categories that have similar management emphases. Tables [ (a-g)] list the Management Area Prescriptions found in the Medicine Bow LRMP including the standards and guidelines applicable to fire and fuels management. Green Management Areas are those whose LRMP guidance suggests that a direct, perimeter, or prescription control strategy or a perimeter or prescription control strategy be used when managing an unplanned ignition. Yellow Management Areas are those whose LRMP guidance suggests that a direct or perimeter control strategy be used when managing unplanned ignitions. Red Management Areas are those whose LRMP guidance suggests that a direct control strategy be used when managing unplanned ignitions. Page 12 of 254

19 Table (a): Routt 1 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 1.11 Wilderness, Pristine 1.12 Wilderness Primitive 1.13 Wilderness, Semi-primitive 1.32 Backcountry Recreation with Winter Limited Motorized Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. Where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques that minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. Guideline: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. 1.5 National River System- Wild Rivers, Designated and Eligible Standard: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy in this management area. Guideline: 1. Focus wildland fire management on enhancing or protecting wild rivers characteristics. Table (b):routt 2 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 2.1 Special Interest Areas Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. Guideline: 1. Focus wildland fire management on protecting the values for which the SIA was identified. 2.2 Research Natural Areas Standard: 1. Where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques which minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. Guidelines: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy. 2. Use scheduled prescribed fire when it is necessary to restore a natural fire management regime. Page 13 of 254

20 Table (c): Routt 3 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area Municipal Watersheds- Water Quality Emphasis Backcountry Recreation, Year-round Motorized National River System, Scenic Rivers Designated and Eligible Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy in this management area. Guideline: 1. Minimize loss of water quality during wildland fire management. Standard: 1. Where fire suppression is necessary, use techniques which minimize soil and vegetation disturbance. 2. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy in this management area. Standard: 1. Use perimeter control or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy in this Management Area. Guidelines: 1. Focus wildland fire management activities on enhancing or protecting scenic river characteristics. Table (d): Routt 4 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 4.2 Scenery 4.3 Dispersed Recreation Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standards: 1. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce fire intensity levels within three years after management activities cease. 2. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescription control as the wildland fire management strategy in this Management Area. Standard: 1. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy for this management area. Page 14 of 254

21 Table (e): Routt 5 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area General Forest and Rangelands- Forest Vegetation Emphasis General Forest and Rangelands, Rangeland Vegetation Emphasis 5.13 Forest Products 5.41 Deer and Elk Winter Range Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standards: 1. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce fire intensity levels within three years after management activities cease. 2. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy in this area. Table (f): Routt 7 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area 7.1 Residential/Forest Interface Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Standard: 1. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce fire intensity levels within 3 years after vegetation management activities are completed. 2. Use direct control, perimeter control, or prescribed control as the wildland fire management strategy in this management area. Guidelines: 1. Cooperate with state and local governments and fire protection districts in developing fire hazard reduction plans and ordinances. Table (g): Routt 8 Management Area Prescriptions Management Area Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels 8.22 Ski-based Resorts Standard: 1. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce 8.3 Utility Corridors and Electronic Sites fire intensity levels within three years after management activities cease. 2. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy in this management area Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plan Guidance Grassland-Wide Objectives Related to Fire Within 10 years, implement management practices, including prescribed fire that will move all affected landscapes towards desired vegetation composition and structure as described in the Geographic Area descriptions. Page 15 of 254

22 Increase the amount of forests and grasslands restored to or maintained in a healthy condition with reduced risk and damage from fires, insects and diseases, and invasive species Grassland-Wide Standards and Guidelines Related to Fire Management The standards listed below are actions that must be followed or are required limits to activities in order to achieve Grassland objectives. Site-specific deviations from standards must be analyzed and documented in management plan amendments. Guidelines are advisable actions that should be followed to achieve Grassland or Forest goals and objectives. Deviations from guidelines must be analyzed during project-level analysis and documented in a project decision document, but do not require management plan amendments. Air Standards 1. Conduct all land management activities in such a manner as to comply with all applicable federal, state, and local air quality standards and regulations including: Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, 1990 (42 USC ); North Dakota Air Pollution Control Law, ( ); and South Dakota Air Pollution Control Program (Title 74, #36) 2. Meet Requirements of the Prevention and Significant Deterioration (PSD), State Implementation Plans (SIP) and applicable Smoke Management Plans. 3. Ensure emissions from projects on the grassland and forest management activities are within Class I or Class II ranges. Threatened, Endangered, and Proposed Species Standards 1. Prescribe burn selected large flats (a section or more in size) to evaluate the effectiveness of burns in attracting and inventorying mountain plover. Prescribed burns should be timed to provide large blackened areas in the spring. 2. To help reduce disturbances and risks to nesting mountain plover, prohibit the following activities in plover nesting areas or within 0.25 miles of plover nests from March 15 th through July 31 st : a. Construction b. Reclamation c. Seismic exploration d. Gravel mining operations e. Oil and gas drilling f. Drilling of water wells g. Prescribed burning 3. As opportunities arise, design timing, intensity, and frequency of mowing, burning, and livestock grazing to maintain and/or increase sensitive plant species populations and the health of rare plant communities. 4. In big sagebrush and sage grouse wintering habitat, do not prescribe burn or treat with herbicides unless it can be demonstrated to be beneficial for local sage grouse populations. Treatments should not be conducted where the canopy cover of sagebrush averages less than 15%. Limit treatments to less than 80-acre patches and no more than 20% of the sagebrush stands in the wintering habitat. Big sagebrush within 100 yards of meadows, riparian, and other foraging habitats should not be burned or sprayed. Page 16 of 254

23 5. To help reduce disturbances to nesting and wintering raptor, prohibit the following activities within the minimum distances (line of sight) of active raptor nests and winter roost areas during the dates specified in Table below. a. Construction (e.g. roads, water impoundments, oil and gas facilities) b. Reclamation c. Gravel mining operations d. Drilling of water wells e. Oil and gas drilling f. Timber harvest and fuel treatments g. Precommercial thinning Table : Species, Habitat, and Minimum Distance Disturbance Species and Habitat Minimum Distance (miles) and Dates Bald Eagle Nest 1.0 from 2/1 to 7/31 Bald Eagle Winter Roost Area 1.0 from 11/1 to 3/31 Golden Eagle Nest 0.50 from 2/1 to 7/31 Merlin Nest 0.50 from 4/1 to 8/15 Ferruginous Hawk Nest 0.50 from 3/1 to 7/31 Swainson s Hawk Nest 0.50 from 3/1 to 7/31 Burrowing Owl Nest 0.25 from 4/15 to 8/31 Nests of Other Raptors from 2/1 to 7/31 Guidelines 1. Use the following criteria at the project level to help determine where to use prescribed burning and high livestock grazing intensities to provide low grassland structure and enhanced mountain plover nesting and brooding habitat: a. Proximity to existing mountain plover nesting areas b. Proximity to prairie dog colonies c. Presence of expansive and flat grassland areas 2. Design vegetation management activities (e.g. prescribed burning, mowing, grasshopper spraying, or livestock grazing) and pesticide application projects in known habitats of sensitive butterfly species to reduce mortality of butterflies and to maintain or enhance nectar and larvae host plant species. Fire Suppression, Fuels Treatments, and Prescribed Fire Guidelines 1. Develop an Appropriate Management Response (AMR) for each management area outlined in the Fire Management Plan for the National Grasslands. Until an AMR for each given management area is completed, suppress all wildfires, natural and human-caused, using fire management Page 17 of 254

24 strategies based on aggressive initial attack. Encourage the use of natural barriers and burning out when appropriate. 2. Minimize impacts to paleontological and heritage resources, streams, stream banks, shorelines, lakes and associated vegetation, and habitat for threatened, endangered, proposed, and sensitive species from wildfire suppression efforts in the following ways: a) Prohibit the use of earth-moving equipment on known paleontological or heritage sites. b) Discourage the application of fire-retardant chemicals over riparian areas, wetlands, and open water. c) Prior to using earth-moving equipment, consult appropriate specialists for guidance. d) Notify USFWS when TES habitat is threatened or impacted by fire. 3. Encourage the use of wildland fire management strategies in wilderness areas, backcountry recreation nonmotorized areas, and research natural areas that minimize land and resource disturbance. 4. Reduce the threat of wildfire to public and private developments by following guidelines in the National Fire Protection Association Publication 299, Protection of Life and Property from Wildfire, and reduce the fuel load to acceptable levels. 5. Participate in the "Firewise" community program. 6. During project-level planning for prescribed burning, schedule prescribed fire activities at intervals designed to improve or maintain habitats of desired plant and animal species. Page 18 of 254

25 TBNG Management Area Prescriptions Fire Management Plan 2013 The Grassland LRMP also uses Management Area Prescriptions to direct management practices on specific pieces of land. Site specific differences in standards and guidelines pertinent to fire and fuels management are described in the specific Fire Management Unit descriptions in this FMP. Table : TBNG Management Area Prescriptions 1.31 Management Area Nonmotorized Backcountry Recreation 2.1 Special Interest Areas Standards and Guidelines Applicable to Fire and Fuels Guideline: 1. Prohibit use of heavy ground-disturbing equipment for fire 2.2 Research Natural Areas Black-Footed Ferret Reintroduction Habitat Rangelands with Diverse Natural-Appearing Landscapes 3.68 Big Game Range 4.32 Dispersed Recreation: High Use Refer to Section (Fire Suppression, Fuels Treatments and Prescribed Fire) for fire suppression direction General Forest and Rangelands: Range Vegetation Emphasis Rangeland with Broad Resource Emphasis Mineral Production and Development Physical Characteristics that Apply to All Fire Management Units Due to the variation in elevation, topography, and vegetation types and the large amount of area covered in the MBRNF and TBNG, there are not any physical characteristics that are common to and/or exist in all of the FMUs described in this plan Wilderness Area Guidance Several of the FMU s contain Wilderness areas which are managed in accordance with Forest Service Manual (FSM 2320). Page 19 of 254

26 The Snowy Range FMPA contains both the Platte River (approximately 23,942 acres) and Savage Run (approximately 14,927 acres) Wilderness Areas. The Sierra Madre FMPA includes the Huston Park (approximately 30,588 acres) and Encampment River (approximately 10,124 acres) Wilderness Areas. The Gore Pass FMPA includes the Sarvis Creek Wilderness Area (47,140 Acres). The Flat Tops FMPA contains the Flat Tops Wilderness Area (38,870 acres administered by Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest). The Mount Zirkel FMPA contains the Mount Zirkel Wilderness (160,870 acres). The Troublesome FMPA includes a portion of the Never Summer Wilderness Area (6,659 acres() that is administered by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest). The Camp Creek FMPA is home to 743 acres of the Platte River Wilderness Area. Desired Condition Congress defined wilderness as undeveloped landscapes that are preserved and protected in their natural conditions with the least amount of human influence or control and to allow fire to play, as nearly as possible, its natural role in wilderness. Therefore, the goal of fire management in wilderness is best achieved when the effects of the fire as a natural disturbance agent are observed and not the effects of fire management activities. Objectives The objectives of fire management in wilderness are to: 1. Permit lightning caused fires to play, as nearly as possible, their ecological role within wilderness. 2. Reduce to an acceptable level the risks and consequences of wildfire within wilderness or of wildfire escaping from wilderness. (FSM ) Fire Management Activities A Wilderness Resource Advisor should be involved when a there is an unplanned ignition in wilderness. Conduct all fire management actions in wilderness in a manner compatible with overall wilderness management objectives consistent with Wilderness Fire Management Policy (FSM ) Give preference to using methods and equipment that cause the least: (1) alteration of the wilderness landscape (2) disturbance to the land surface (3) disturbance to visitor solitude (4) reduction of visibility during periods of visitor use (5) adverse effect on other air quality related values Locate fire camps, helispots, and other temporary facilities or improvements outside of the wilderness boundary whenever feasible. Rehabilitate disturbed areas within wilderness to as natural an appearance as possible. (FSM ) (M)inimum (I)mpact (S)trategies and (T)actics- MIST An increasing awareness of impacts caused by wildland fire management actions has led to the development of a light hand on the land concept. These minimum impact stategies and tactics (MIST) should be used as the guiding principle in wilderness fire management for all personnel, assisting them in modifying their philosophies and actions so the unique and special characteristics of wilderness are maintained. Forest Specific MIST document file location Page 20 of 254

27 Motorized Equipment and Mechanical Transport Fire management related exceptions for temporary roads or structures, or use of motorized equipment or mechanical transport, or landing of aircraft, must be: (1) the necessary and required action for administration of wilderness, and (2) the action that has the least adverse effects on wilderness as directed in the Wilderness Act, Section 4(c)? Allow the use of motorized equipment or mechanical transport only for: Emergencies where the situation involves an inescapable urgency and temporary need for speed beyond that available by primitive means. (FSM ) Utilize the approval process for the use of motorized equipment, mechanical transport, and landing of aircraft. MotomechWildernessApproval.doc file location Line Officer Approval Listed below is the line officers delegation level for the approval of motorized or mechanized equipment: FSM b and c Motorized/Mechanical Request Authorization for Non-Emergency Authorization for Emergency Chainsaws, Pumps Regional Forester Forest Supervisor Helicopters-Fixed Wing Regional Forester Forest Supervisor Retardant Delivery Bucket Work Personnel Shuttle Transport & supply by aircraft, air drop & mechanical transport Regional Forester (2326.1) Forest Supervisor Helispot Construction Regional Forester Forest Supervisor Motor Vehicle Regional Forester Forest Supervisor Prescribed Fire in Wilderness Regional Forester Forest Supervisor BAER projects in Wilderness Regional Forester ( c.11) Forest Supervisor Tractors (Heavy Equipment) Regional Forester Regional Forester Burned Area Emergency Response- BAER BAER is only allowed in wilderness if : (1) necessary to prevent an unnatural loss of the wilderness resource or (2) to protect life, property, and other resource values outside of wilderness. Normally use hand tools and equipment to install selected land and channel treatments (FSM b) Page 21 of 254

28 CHAPTER 4. SIERRA MADRE FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Sierra Madre FMPA includes five different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated based on geographical differences as well as differences in management emphases concerning wildland fire. Page 22 of 254

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32 4.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Sierra Madre 1 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 1 FMU Snap Shot Sierra Madre 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #6 Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Work N 2 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 3 Blackhall Repeater N 4 Kennaday Peak Repeater N 5 Bridger Peak Repeater N 6 Spruce Mtn Repeater N 7 Pole Mtn. Repeater N 8 Jelm Mtn Repeater N 9 Encampment Fire N 10 Saratoga Fire ~ ~ N 11 VFIRE ~ N 12 Carbon County SO Direct N 13 WY Mutual Aid ~ ~ N 14 Southwest Portable Repeater N 15 Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Sierra Madre 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO: o Mick Hood: (307) Page 26 of 254

33 Communities Within or Near the Sierra Madre 1 FMU Community County State Saratoga Carbon WY Encampment Carbon WY Savery Carbon WY Riverside Carbon WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Sawmill Park USFS Station Number Fuel Model G or H Location NESDIS # Elevation AA Fire Management Plan ft Sierra Madre 1 FMU Guidance The Sierra Madre 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Sierra Madre 1 FMU direct that both perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. Additional Guidance Applicable to Sierra Madre 1 FMU o This FMU borders the Tramway Trail Special Interest Area, Bottle Creek Campground, and Lost Creek Campground. The Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-25) provides the following additional direction for fire and fuels management in these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Sierra Madre 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Sierra Madre 1 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU Page 27 of 254

34 o o Fire Management Plan 2013 Areas of steep and rocky terrain Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Sierra Madre 1 FMU Boundaries o Boundaries for this FMU are formed by: Battle Mountain RNA Houston Park Wilderness Area and adjoining land designated as Management Areas 1.2, 1.33, and 3.31 Land designated as Management area 3.31 and 3.33 north of Wyoming Highway 70. Elevation Range o xxxxx ft. to xxxxx ft. Topography o Due to the large amount of land a wide range of topography exists within the Sierra Madre 1 FMU. The most prominent topographical feature in this FMU is Bridger Peak at 11,004 ft. The higher elevations consist of very steep rocky terrain. Much of the land at higher elevation is found above tree line. Mid elevations tend to range from relatively flat to very steep in major drainages. Some of the lower elevations tend to be rolling to relatively hilly. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness located approximately thirty air miles to the east of the center of the Sierra Madre 1 FMU is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located south of the Sierra Madre 1 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Sierra Madre 1 FMU are considered to be smoke sensitive: Saratoga Encampment Wyocolo Ryan Park/Ten Mile Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit. Page 28 of 254

35 Biological Vegetation o Due to the large amount of area within this FMU there is a variety of vegetation. o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 1 FMU. Many areas in the FMU are characterized by unbroken forests. Tundra vegetation and bare rock comprise the highest portions of the FMU. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir are the dominant vegetation types at the mid to higher elevations. Much of the spruce-fir vegetation is found near the Continental Divide. Lodgepole pine dominates the vegetation in the mid elevations. Transition zones between lodgepole pine, aspen, and spruce-fir vegetation types exist in these mid elevations. Aspen is found in the mid to lower elevations. A mosaic of lodgepole pine, aspen, and limber pine stringer forests and treeless sagebrush shrubland exist in the mid to lower elevations. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 1 FMU. The FMU contains important calving areas, transition range, summer range, and a major migration corridor for elk, as well as winter range, and fawning areas for deer. There is potential bighorn sheep summer range in Huston Park Wilderness Area. Other species found in the FMU are: Moose Black Bear Mountain Lions Beaver Pika o One subspecies is unique to the Snowy Range and Sierra Madre Mountain ranges. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Portions of the FMU are in vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks, and there are many known nests. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Native fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, white sucker, longnose sucker, longnose dace, speckled dace, creek chub, roundtail chub, mottled sculpin, mountain sucker, bluehead sucker, and Bonneville redside shiner. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Brown Trout, Brook trout, and Rainbow Trout Resources Page 29 of 254

36 Wilderness Areas o The Sierra Madre 1 FMU contains one Wilderness Area. Guidance for fire management in these areas is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Huston Park Wilderness Area Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Sierra Madre 1 FMU has one designated RNA: Battle Mountain RNA The 1,024 acre Battle Mountain RNA is located on the Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District and the South Savery Geographic Area. The principal distinguishing features of the area are a volcanic butte supporting a mosaic of plant communities. Quaking aspen woodland, logepole pine forest, mountain big sagebrush shrubland, and bluebunch wheatgrass vegetation occur primarily on top of Battle Mountain. Subalpine fir woodland, limber pine woodland, and Saskatoon serviceberry shrubland occur mainly on the sides of the mountain. In this area the standards and guidelines for Management Area 2.2 (table [b])will be followed. USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the FMU. Lost Creek Campground Bottle Creek Campground Hog Park Campground, Picnic Area, and Boat Ramp Wildland Urban Interface o The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. Battle Townsite Sierra Madre 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Sierra Madre 1 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Sierra Madre 1 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the entire FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest o 293- North and Southwest Carbon County Page 30 of 254

37 Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 31 of 254

38 4.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Sierra Madre 2 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 2 FMU Snap Shot Sierra Madre 2 Radio Frequencies Group #6 Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Work N 2 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 3 Blackhall Repeater N 4 Kennaday Peak Repeater N 5 Bridger Peak Repeater N 6 Spruce Mtn Repeater N 7 Pole Mtn. Repeater N 8 Jelm Mtn Repeater N 9 Encampment Fire N 10 Saratoga Fire ~ ~ N 11 VFIRE ~ N 12 Carbon County SO Direct N 13 WY Mutual Aid ~ ~ N 14 Southwest Portable Repeater N 15 Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Resources Closest to Sierra Madre 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO: o Mick Hood: (307) Page 32 of 254

39 Communities Within or Near the Sierra Madre 2 FMU Community County State Saratoga Carbon WY Encampment Carbon WY Riverside Carbon WY Ryan Park Carbon WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Sierra Madre 2 FMU Guidance This FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 2 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Sierra Madre 2 FMU direct that both perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Sierra Madre 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Sierra Madre 2 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Page 33 of 254

40 Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Sierra Madre 2 FMU Boundaries o Boundaries for this FMU are formed by: Encampment River Wilderness Area and adjoining land designated as Management Area 1.2, and 3.4 in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Land including and surrounding the East Fork of the Encampment River designated as Management Area 1.31 in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Topography o The Sierra Madre 2 FMU consists of two major river drainages; the Encampment River and the East Fork of the Encampment River. o The Encampment River forms a very steep canyon while the land surrounding the canyon is somewhat flat and rolling. o The East Fork of the Encampment River forms a moderately steep canyon while the land surrounding the canyon is somewhat flat and rolling. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness located approximately eighteen air miles to the east of the center of the Sierra Madre 2 FMU is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located south of the Sierra Madre 2 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Sierra Madre 2 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Saratoga Encampment Riverside Wyocolo Ryan Park/Ten Mile Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 2 FMU. The FMU is dominated by lodgepole pine forests. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir occur at the highest elevations on the eastern slope of the Continental Divide. The northern part of the area within the Encampment River Canyon has a few widely scattered relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, mixed in with aspen and lodgepole pine. Page 34 of 254

41 The windswept ridges of this area have scattered limber pine. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Elk calving and high use cow/calf summer range are located in the Damfino Creek/East Fork Encampment River areas. There are two bighorn sheep lambing grounds in the Encampment River canyon, one of which is on BLM lands. Some animals from this herd move westward to high elevation summer range in the Huston Park Wilderness Area. Long-term research studies in the Coon Creek/East Fork area have documented pine marten use. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Much of the FMU is in vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks, and there are many known nests. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Sierra Madre 2 FMU. Native fish species in this FMU include: white sucker, longnose sucker, and longnose dace. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Brown Trout, Brook trout, and Rainbow Trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Sierra Madre 2 FMU contains one Wilderness Area. Guidance for fire management in this area is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Encampment River Wilderness Area USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the Sierra Madre 2 FMU. Hog Park Campground, Picnic Area, and Boat Ramp Widland Urban Interface o The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. Water Valley Subdivision Sierra Madre 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Sierra Madre 2 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Sierra Madre 2 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the entire FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The Page 35 of 254

42 forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest o 293- North and Southwest Carbon County Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 36 of 254

43 4.3 Fire Management Considerations for the Sierra Madre 3 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 3 FMU Snap Shot Sierra Madre 3 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #6 Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Work N 2 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 3 Blackhall Repeater N 4 Kennaday Peak Repeater N 5 Bridger Peak Repeater N 6 Spruce Mtn Repeater N 7 Pole Mtn. Repeater N 8 Jelm Mtn Repeater N 9 Encampment Fire N 10 Saratoga Fire ~ ~ N 11 VFIRE ~ N 12 Carbon County SO Direct N 13 WY Mutual Aid ~ ~ N 14 Southwest Portable Repeater N 15 Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Resources Closest to Sierra Madre 3 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Page 37 of 254

44 Communities Within or Near the Sierra Madre 3 FMU Community County State Saratoga Carbon WY Encampment Carbon WY Savery Carbon WY Skyline Carbon WY Riverside Carbon WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Sierra Madre 3 FMU Guidance The Sierra Madre 3 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Sierra Madre 3 FMU direct that both perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Sierra Madre 3 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Sierra Madre 3 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Page 38 of 254

45 Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Sierra Madre 3 FMU Boundaries o Boundaries for this FMU are formed by: Land designated as Management Area 1.31 to the South and East of USFS Roads 415 and 407. Topography o The major topographical feature in this FMU is Bear Mountain at 9,990 ft. o Bear Mountain is relatively steep, with the surrounding land ranging from flat to rolling. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness located approximately 10 miles northeast of the Sierra Madre 3 FMU is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located south of the Sierra Madre 3 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Sierra Madre 3 FMU are considered to be smoke sensitive: Saratoga Encampment Wyocolo Ryan Park Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic areas contained in the Sierra Madre 3 FMU. Large areas of unbroken lodgepole pine forest exist in the Sierra Madre 3 FMU. Mosaics of stringer forests and treeless sagebrush shrublands are also found in this FMU. Rare plant species including Colorado tansy aster and clustered lady s slipper are present in the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o The FMU contains important elk calving areas and winter range, as well as winter range for deer. o Other species found in the FMU are: Moose Black Bear Mountain Lions Antelope Page 39 of 254

46 Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Much of the FMU is in vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks. Fire Management Plan 2013 Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Sierra Madre 3 FMU. o Both native fish and introduced trout occur in the streams on the unit. Fishing is a popular recreation activity in this unit. Native fish species in this FMU consist of: white sucker, longnose sucker, longnose dace, creek chub. Introduced fish species in this FMU consist of: brown trout, brook trout, rainbow trout Resources The Sierra Madre 3 FMU does not contain any USFS Administrative Sites, Research Natural Areas, Wildland Urban Interface, or Wilderness Areas Sierra Madre 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Sierra Madre 3 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Sierra Madre 3 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the entire FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 40 of 254

47 4.4 Fire Management Considerations for the Sierra Madre 4 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 4 FMU Snap Shot Sierra Madre 4 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #6 Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Work N 2 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 3 Blackhall Repeater N 4 Kennaday Peak Repeater N 5 Bridger Peak Repeater N 6 Spruce Mtn Repeater N 7 Pole Mtn. Repeater N 8 Jelm Mtn Repeater N 9 Encampment Fire N 10 Saratoga Fire ~ ~ N 11 VFIRE ~ N 12 Carbon County SO Direct N 13 WY Mutual Aid ~ ~ N 14 Southwest Portable Repeater N 15 Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Sierra Madre 4 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Page 41 of 254

48 Communities Within or Near the Sierra Madre 4 FMU Community County State Encampment Carbon WY Riverside Carbon WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Saratoga Carbon WY Savery Carbon WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Sawmill Park USFS Station Number Fuel Model G or H Location NESDIS # Elevation AA Fire Management Plan ft Sierra Madre 4 FMU Guidance The Sierra Madre 4 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Sierra Madre 4 FMU direct that direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Sierra Madre 4 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber o The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Page 42 of 254

49 Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Sierra Madre 4 FMU Boundaries o Boundaries for this FMU are formed by: In the Sierra Madre Range, land designated as Management Areas 3.5, 3.56, 3.58 and 5.15 in the Medicine Bow LRMP Topography o There is a wide variation in topography across the FMU. o Most areas within the FMU range from rolling to somewhat hilly. o Blackhall Mountain is the prominent topographical feature in the area at an elevation of 10,979 ft. o Large open parks exist in this FMU. Big Creek Park Jerry Park Holroyd Park Cunningham Park Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness is located approximately ten air miles east of the Sierra Madre 4 FMU and is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located south of the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Sierra Madre 4 FMU are considered to be smoke sensitive: Saratoga Encampment Wyocolo Ryan Park/Ten Mile Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit Biological Vegetation o Due to the large amount of area within this FMU there is a wide variety of vegetation. o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Many areas in the FMU are characterized y unbroken forests. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir are the dominant vegetation types at the higher elevations. Much of the spruce-fir vegetation is found at higher elevations on Blackhall Mountain and near the Continental Divide. Lodgepole pine dominates the vegetation in the middle elevations. Page 43 of 254

50 Transition zones between lodgepole pine, aspen, and spruce-fir vegetation types exist in these middle elevations. Aspen is found in the middle to lower elevations. A mosaic of lodgepole pine, aspen, and limber pine stringer forests and treeless sagebrush shrubland exist in the middle to lower elevations. Scattered areas of Gambel oak, narrowleaf cottonwood, Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and blue spruce also exist in the FMU. Several populations of clustered ladies slipper, a rare plant species, are found within the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. The FMU contains important calving areas, transition range, winter range, and a major migration corridor for elk, as well as winter range, and fawning areas for deer. Pine marten use has been documented by research studies in the Coon Creek/East Fork area in the Southeastern portion of the unit. There is Columbia sharp-tailed grouse habitat in and adjacent to the area, with several known leks. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges located in the area. They include: boreal toad, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and the tiger salamander. Other species found in the FMU are: Moose Black Bear Mountain Lions Antelope Beaver Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Much of the FMU is in vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks, and there are many known nests. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Native fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, white sucker, longnose sucker, longnose dace, speckled dace, creek chub, roundtail chub, mottled sculpin, mountain sucker, bluehead sucker, and Bonneville redside shiner. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Brown Trout, Brook trout, and Rainbow Trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Sierra Madre 4 FMU does not contain any land designated as Wilderness Area. USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Hog Park Campground and Boat Ramp Page 44 of 254

51 Blackhall Mountain Lookout and Communication Site Battle Creek Campground Sandstone Work Center Lost Creek Campground Widland Urban Interface o Fire Management Plan 2013 The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. Stemp Springs Subdivision Battle Townsite Water Valley Subdivision Sierra Madre 4 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Sierra Madre 4 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the entire FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 45 of 254

52 4.5 Fire Management Considerations for the Sierra Madre 5 Fire Management Unit Sierra Madre 5 FMU Snap Shot Sierra Madre 5 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #6 Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Work N 2 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 3 Blackhall Repeater N 4 Kennaday Peak Repeater N 5 Bridger Peak Repeater N 6 Spruce Mtn Repeater N 7 Pole Mtn. Repeater N 8 Jelm Mtn Repeater N 9 Encampment Fire N 10 Saratoga Fire ~ ~ N 11 VFIRE ~ N 12 Carbon County SO Direct N 13 WY Mutual Aid ~ ~ N 14 Southwest Portable Repeater N 15 Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Resources Closest to Sierra Madre 5 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Page 46 of 254

53 Communities Within or Near the Sierra Madre 5 FMU Community County State Encampment Carbon WY Riverside Carbon WY Saratoga Carbon WY Savery Carbon WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Sierra Madre 5 FMU Guidance The Sierra Madre 5 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 5 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Sierra Madre 5 FMU direct that direct, perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. Additional Guidance Applicable to Sierra Madre 5 FMU o This FMU contains the Tramway Trail Special Interest Area, the Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-25) provides the following additional direction for fire and fuels management in this area. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. o This FMU also contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation) and 8.6 (Administrative Site) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72 and 2-79) provides the following guidance for these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Sierra Madre 5 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Page 47 of 254

54 Hazards that exist in the Sierra Madre 5 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber o The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Sierra Madre 5 FMU Boundaries o Boundaries for this FMU are formed by: In the Sierra Madre Range, land designated as Management Areas 4.2, 5.12, and 5.13 in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Topography o There is some variation in topography across the FMU. o Most areas within the FMU are rolling to somewhat hilly. o The northern portion of the area contains a number of large parks, including Joe s Park and McLain Park. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness is located approximately twenty five air miles to the east of the Sierra Madre 5 FMU is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located south of the Sierra Madre 5 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Sierra Madre 5 FMU are considered to be smoke sensitive: Saratoga Encampment Wyocolo Ryan Park Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit Biological Vegetation o Due to the large amount of area within this FMU there is a wide variety of vegetation. Page 48 of 254

55 o Fire Management Plan 2013 Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 5 FMU. Many areas in the FMU are characterized by unbroken forests. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir are the dominant vegetation types at the higher elevations. Much of the spruce-fir vegetation is found near the Continental Divide. Lodgepole pine dominates the vegetation in the mid elevations. Transition zones between lodgepole pine, aspen, and spruce-fir vegetation types exist in these middle elevations. Aspen is found in the middle to lower elevations. A mosaic of lodgepole pine, aspen, and limber pine stringer forests and treeless sagebrush shrubland exist in the middle to lower elevations. Scattered areas of Gambel oak, narrowleaf cottonwood, Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and blue spruce also exist in the FMU. Several populations of clustered ladies slipper, a rare plant species, are found within the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 5 FMU. The FMU contains important calving areas, transition range, winter range, and a major migration corridor for elk, as well as winter range, and fawning areas for deer. There is Columbia sharp-tailed grouse habitat in and adjacent to the area, with several known leks. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges located in the area. They include: boreal toad, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and the tiger salamander. Other species found in the FMU are: Moose Black Bear Mountain Lions Antelope Beaver Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Much of the FMU is in vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks, and there are many known nests. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-29 to 3-52) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Native fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, white sucker, longnose sucker, longnose dace, speckled dace, creek chub, roundtail chub, mottled sculpin, mountain sucker, bluehead sucker, and Bonneville redside shiner. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Brown Trout, Brook trout, and Rainbow Trout Resources Wilderness Areas Page 49 of 254

56 o The Sierra Madre 5 FMU does not contain any land designated as Wilderness Area. Special Interest Areas o Tramway Trail SIA This SIA is designated because of historic copper mining. In 1884, copper was discovered west of Encampment in the Sierra Madre Mountains. There was an aerial tramway, 16 miles long that carried copper ore from the Ferris-Haggarty mine to a smelter in Encampment. The mine and many of the tram towers and equipment are still visible. The Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-25) provides the following additional direction for fire and fuels management in this area. o Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the Sierra Madre 4 FMU. Sandstone Work Center Jack Creek Campground Jack Creek Work Center Bottle Creek Campground o The Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-72 and 2-79) provides the following additional direction for fire and fuels management in these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. Widland Urban Interface o The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. Stemp Springs Subdivision Sierra Madre 5 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Sierra Madre 5 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Sierra Madre 5 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the entire FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and Page 50 of 254

57 evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 51 of 254

58 CHAPTER 5. SNOWY RANGE FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Snowy Range FMPA includes eight different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated based on geographical differences as well as differences in management emphases concerning wildland fire. Page 52 of 254

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63 5.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 1 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 1 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Medbow (Laramie) N 2 Work N 3 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 4 Pole Mtn Repeater N 5 Spruce Mtn Repeater N 6 Jelm Mtn Repeater N 7 Kennaday Peak Repeater N 8 Blackhall Repeater N 9 Bridger Peak Repeater N 10 Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N 11 Albany County Fire 1[D] N 12 Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N 13 VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N 14 Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N 15 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO Page 57 of 254

64 o Daron Reynolds: (307) Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 1 FMU Community County State Albany Albany WY Centennial Albany WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Wold Tract Albany WY Woods Landing Albany WY Wyocolo Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Sawmill Park USFS Station Number Fuel Model G or H Location NESDIS # Elevation AA Fire Management Plan ft Snowy Range 1 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Snowy Range 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 1 FMU direct that both perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Snowy Range 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Page 58 of 254

65 Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Area 1.33 North of USFS Road 343. Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Area 1.31 North of USFS Road 338 The Snowy Range and Browns Peak Research Natural Areas (RNA s) as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-32). Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Area 3.31 South and East of USFS Road 101. Land designated as Management Area 8.21 in the Medicine Bow LRMP that is bordered on all sides by pieces of land described above. Topography o Due to the large amount of land a wide range of topography exists within the Snowy Range 1 FMU. The most prominent topographical feature in this FMU is Medicine Bow Peak at 12,019 ft. Libby Flats is another unique topographical feature characterized by large, flat, open areas at or near the tree line. The higher elevations consist of very steep rocky terrain. Much of the land at higher elevation is found above tree line. Mid elevations tend to range from relatively flat to very steep in major drainages. Some of the lower elevations tend to be rolling to relatively hilly. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness located approximately fifteen air miles to the South of the center of the Snowy Range 1 FMU is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the Southwest of the Snowy Range 1 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 1 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Page 59 of 254

66 Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit Biological Vegetation o Due to the large amount of area within this FMU there is a variety of vegetation. o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-53 to 3-95) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 1 FMU. Tundra vegetation and bare rock comprise the highest portions of the FMU. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir are the dominant vegetation types at the mid to higher elevations. Lodgepole pine dominates the vegetation in the mid elevations. Transition zones between lodgepole pine and spruce-fir vegetation types exist in these mid elevations. High-elevation riparian vegetation adjacent to the major drainages is dominated by forbs, meadow grasses, and sedges intermixed with willows. Past fires and snow deposition at the higher elevations have created unique alpine meadows and spruce ribbon forests. French Creek Canyon has a mixture of stringer forest, sagebrush shrubland, and rock outcrops below it north rim, as well as the bulk of the aspen in the area. Relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir also occur in the canyon. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-53 to 3-95) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 1 FMU. Many portions of the FMU are considered spring, summer, and fall big game range. The FMU contains important calving areas, transition range, summer range, and a major migration corridor for elk, as well as deer. This FMU contains suitable cliff nesting habitat for raptors. South-facing slopes and associated rock outcrop areas provide habitat for bighorn sheep. There is potential for development of a migration corridor up South French Creek Canyon to high-elevation summer range. o Some animals, primarily rams and dry ewes, occasionally use this corridor now. Moose frequent riparian and upland areas. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges located in the area. They include the boreal toad, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and the tiger salamander. There is potential bighorn sheep summer range in Huston Park Wilderness Area. Other species found in the FMU are: Black Bear Page 60 of 254

67 Mountain Lions Beaver Fire Management Plan 2013 Pika o One subspecies is unique to the Snowy Range and Sierra Madre Mountain ranges. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-53 to 3-95) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 1 FMU. The Middle Fork Area contains the last known population of boreal toads on the Laramie Ranger District. Portions of the FMU are in vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks, and there are many known nests. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-53 to 3-95) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 1 FMU. Native fish species in this FMU include: Johnny dart Iowa darter, creek chub, san shiner, bigmouths shiner, emerald shiner, hornyhead chub, fathead minnow, white sucker, longnose sucker, and longnose dace. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown Trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and splake Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 1 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 1 FMU has two designated RNA s. In these areas the standards and guidelines for Management Area 2.2 (table [b])will be followed. Browns Peak RNA This 472-acre RNA is located on the Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District and is within the Bow River Geographic Area. I is characterized by alpine fellfield, tundra, and willow habitats. Know occurrences of rare animals include the brown-capped rosy finch, dwarf shrew, pygmy shrew, and Medicine Bow Mountain pika. This area has rare plants including: Golden saxifrage, black-head fleabane, Rocky Mountain snow lover, pygmy goldenweed, northern white rush, Rocky Mountain nailwort, Arctic harebell, alpine kittentails, and Dane s gentian. Snowy Range RNA The 734-acre Snowy Range RNA was established in January 1936 for the purpose of studying old-growth Engelmann spruce stands. It is located on the Laramie Ranger District within the North fork Geographic Area. The area is comprised of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir, lodgepole pine, and very small areas of grassland, shrubland, and lakes. USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the FMU. Barber Lake Recreation and Picnic Area Brooklyn Lake Campground Centennial Visitor Center Centennial Work Center Corner Mountain Recreation Area Deep Creek Campground Page 61 of 254

68 Libby Creek Campgrounds and Recreation Area Libby Flats Observatory Little Brooklyn Guard Station/Cabin Rental Mirror Lake Campground Nash Fork Campground North Fork Campground Silver Lake Campground Sugarloaf Campground University of Wyoming Recreation Camp Wildland Urban Interface o Fire Management Plan 2013 The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. Corner Mountain Other Resources Within or Near the Snowy Range 1 FMU o o o Snowy Range Ski Area St. Alban s Chapel Special Interest Areas Centennial Ridge SIA Medicine Bow Peak SIA Ribbon Forest SIA Kettle Ponds SIA Snowy Range 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 1 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 1 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 62 of 254

69 5.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 2 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 2 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 2 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO o Daron Reynolds: (307) Page 63 of 254

70 Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 2 FMU Community County State Albany Albany WY Centennial Albany WY Arlington Carbon WY Wold Tract Albany WY Woods Landing Albany WY Wyocolo Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Sawmill Park USFS Station Number Fuel Model G or H Location NESDIS # Elevation AA Fire Management Plan ft Snowy Range 2 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 2 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Snowy Range 2 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 2 FMU direct that both perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Snowy Range 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 2 FMU: o Mine shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Page 64 of

71 Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 2 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Area 1.33 North of USFS Road 500 and south and east of USFS Road 338. Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 1.2 and 3.31 north and west of USFS Road 101. Topography o The Snowy Range 2 FMU boundaries were chosen partially due to the common topography of the two distinct areas. o These areas are each characterized by a steep and rocky drainage. The northern portion of this FMU consists primarily of the Rock Creek Drainage and its tributaries. The southern portion of this FMU consists primarily of the Middle Fork drainage and its tributaries. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness located approximately ten air miles to the west of the center of the Snowy Range 2 FMU is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 2 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 2 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-90) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 2 FMU. o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass wasting and erosion ranges from low to high depending on the types of soils and topography in specific areas found across the unit. Page 65 of 254

72 Sherman granite soils in the southern portion of the FMU offer moderate to high erosion potential. The northern portion of the FMU has been extensively affected by glaciation and has a high potential for both soil mass wasting and erosion Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-90) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 2 FMU. Lodgepole pine is the dominant vegetation type. Spruce/fir are also very abundant in this FMU. High-elevation riparian vegetation adjacent to the major drainages is dominated by forbs, meadow grasses, and sedges intermixed with willows. Lower elevation riparian vegetation consists of cottonwood, alder, aspen, and willow. Minor amounts of limber pine also exist in the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-90) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 2 FMU. Many portions of the FMU are considered spring, summer, and fall big game range. The eastern portions of the FMU provide crucial winter range for deer and elk. Mountain lions are also attracted to the winter range due to the large numbers of mule deer. Areas in the FMU provide habitat for a small population of antelope. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-90) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 2 FMU. The Middle Fork Area contains the last known population of boreal toads on the Laramie Ranger District. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-90) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 2 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown Trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 2 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 2 FMU does not contain any RNA s. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy Range 2 FMU does not actually contain any SIA s. However, it is in very close proximity to three SIA s. Additional information pertaining to these SIA s can be found in the descriptions of the FMU s that contain them. Centennial Ridge SIA Sunken Gardens SIA Cinnabar Park SIA White Rock Canyon SIA Page 66 of 254

73 USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the FMU. Centennial Visitor Center Centennial Work Center Deep Creek Campground Rock Mountain Electronic Site University of Wyoming Recreation Camp Wildland Urban Interface o The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. Albany Morgan Other Resources Within or Near the Snowy Range 2 FMU o Snowy Range Ski Area Snowy Range 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 2 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 2 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 67 of 254

74 5.3 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 3 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 3 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 3 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 3 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO Page 68 of 254

75 o Daron Reynolds: (307) Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 3 FMU Community County State Keystone Albany WY Wold Tract Albany WY Wyocolo Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Snowy Range 3 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 3 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 3 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 3 FMU direct that both perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. Both the Platte River and Savage Run Wilderness Areas contain land designated by the Medicine Bow LRMP as Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o LRMP guidance pertaining to unplanned ignitions is the same in the RNA as it is in the Wilderness Area. The Platte River Wilderness Area contains land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Area 1.5 (National River System, Wild River Designated and Eligible in Wilderness). o The LRMP (page 2-17) provides additional guidance pertaining to unplanned ignitions in these areas. Fire and Fuels Guidelines 2. Focus wildland fire management activities on enhancing or protecting wild river characteristics Snowy Range 3 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 3 FMU: Page 69 of 254

76 o o o o o o Fire Management Plan 2013 Mine shafts Private land in and/or near the FMU Frequent windy conditions Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU Areas of steep and rocky terrain Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 3 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated as part of the Savage Run Wilderness Area The Savage Run Wilderness Area also contains the Savage Run RNA. o LRMP guidance pertaining to unplanned ignitions is the same in the RNA as it is in the Wilderness Area. Land designated as part of the Platte River Wilderness Area The Platte River Wilderness Area also contains the Platte Canyon RNA. The Platte River Wilderness Area also contains land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Area 1.5 (National River System, Wild River designated and Eligible in Wilderness). Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 1.31 south of USFS Road 512. Topography o The major topographical feature in this FMU is the North Platte River drainage. Areas surrounding the river are typically very steep with cliffs in some areas. o The remainder of the FMU is characterized by other relatively steep drainages. Prominent drainages in the FMU include Douglas Creek, North and South Mullen Creek, Savage Run Creek, and Cottonwood Creek. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness (included in the FMU) is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 3 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 3 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Page 70 of 254

77 Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Fire Management Plan 2013 Soils o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-69 and 3-85) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 3 FMU. o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting is low and erosion potential is typically moderate in this FMU Some erosion problems exist on the Platte Ridge Trail and the two track roads in the wilderness. Because of the relatively flat terrain, the easternmost portion of this FMU does not contain any serious mass wasting potential Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-69 and 3-85) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 3 FMU. The western half of the unit is relatively dray and consists primarily of juniper, cottonwood, sagebrush, bitterbrush, aspen, ponderosa pine, and Douglas fir. The eastern half of the unit consists primarily of lodgepole pine Willows, alder, and cottonwood dominate riparian vegetation. Minor amounts of limber pine also exist in the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-69 and 3-85) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 3 FMU. The majority of the FMU is considered yearlong range for elk, mule deer, and bighorn sheep. There is a transplanted herd of bighorn sheep which is below the herd unit objective. The primary limiting factor is loss of access to alpine vegetation for lactating ewes and young lambs. Historic migration routes have been lost to forest encroachment as a result of fire suppression and the lack of corridors due to restrictions on the size of created openings and fire suppression. Much of the area is crucial winter range for elk and bighorn sheep, winter range for mule deer, and calving/lambing area for elk and bighorn sheep. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. The area provides suitable nesting habitat for the peregrine falcon. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species Page 71 of 254

78 o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-69 and 3-85) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 3 FMU. The only known threatened species in the area is the bald eagle. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-69 and 3-85) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 3 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown Trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, and rainbow trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 3 FMU contains two Wilderness Areas. Guidance for fire management in these areas is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Platte River Wilderness Area Savage Run Wilderness Area Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 3 FMU contains two RNA s. Guidance for fire management in these areas is summarized in section of this document. Platte Canyon RNA Savage Run RNA Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy Range 3 FMU does not actually contain any SIA s. However, it is in very close proximity to two SIA s. Additional information pertaining to these SIA s can be found in the descriptions of the FMU s that contain them. Roper Cabin SIA Horse Creek Tie Dam SIA USFS Administrative Sites o The following administrative sites are in or near the FMU. Pelton Creek Campground Sixmile Gap Campground Pike Pole Campground French Creek Campground Rob Roy Campground Keystone Work Center Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) o The following areas are in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. Keystone Bear Creek Somber Hill Snowy Range 3 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 3 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Page 72 of 254

79 Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 3 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 73 of 254

80 5.4 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 4 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 4 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 4 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 4 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO Page 74 of 254

81 o Daron Reynolds: (307) Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 4 FMU Community County State Centennial Albany WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Arlington Carbon WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Sawmill Park USFS Station Number Fuel Model G or H Location NESDIS # Elevation AA 9020 ft Snowy Range 4 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 4 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 4 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 4 FMU direct that direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation) and 8.6 (AdministrativeSite) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72 and 2-79) provides the following guidance for these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Snowy Range 4 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 4 FMU: o Mine shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access throughout the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Page 75 of 254

82 Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 4 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 2.1, 3.58, 4.2, and 5.15 north of Wyoming State Highway 130 and south of Interstate 80. Topography o Due to the large amount of area covered in this FMU a wide range of topography exists. The major topographical feature in this FMU is Kennaday Peak at 10,810 ft. The majority of this FMU ranges from rolling to relatively steep. Many drainages are present in the FMU, some of which contain very steep terrain. Several large parks exist in the FMU including: Ryan, Lincoln, Mulison, Fish creek, and Cecil Parks. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness is located approximately five air miles from the southern edge of the Snowy Range 4 FMU and is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 4 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 4 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-54, 3-57, 3-61, 3-81, and 3-90) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 4 FMU. o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is highly variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on local basis. Page 76 of 254

83 High mass soil wasting and erosion potential exists in the eastern portions of the FMU. The northwestern slopes of Kennaday Peak are characterized by high potential for mass soil wasting and erosion Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-54, 3-57, 3-61, 3-81, and 3-90) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 4 FMU. Much of the FMU is dominated by lodgepole pine. At the mid elevations the forested areas tend to be unbroken. At mid elevations and higher Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir becomes more abundant. At lower elevations lodgepole pine becomes mixed with aspen. Mosaics of stringer forest and treeless sagebrush shrubland also exist at the lower elevations. Some of the stringer forests contain unique relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, mixed in with aspen and lodgepole pine. Riparian areas contain narrowleaf cottonwood, aspen, conifers, alder, and willow. Clustered ladies slipper, a rare plant species is present near the western edge of this FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-54, 3-57, 3-61, 3-81, and 3-90) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 4 FMU. A large percentage of this FMU provides year-long habitat for deer, and elk. Lower elevations on this FMU provide crucial winter range for deer and elk. This FMU provides migration corridors and transition range for deer and elk. Elk calving areas are present on the FMU. The western edge of the FMU contains an important migration corridor used by bighorn sheep to access high elevation summer range.\ The eastern edge of the FMU also contains habitat for antelope. The area also has a high density of black bears. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges in the area. They are; boreal toad, wood frog, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and tiger salamander. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-54, 3-57, 3-61, 3-81, and 3-90) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 4 FMU. Known goshawk nests exist throughout much of the FMU. The Kettle Pond SIA contains an abundant population of wood frogs - an R2 sensitive amphibian. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-54, 3-57, 3-61, 3-81, and 3-90) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 4 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and splake. Page 77 of 254

84 Native fish species in the area Johnny darter, Iowa darter, creek chub, fathead minnow, white sucker, longnose sucker, and longnose dace Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 4 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 4 FMU does not contain any RNA s. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy Range 4 FMU contains four SIA s. These areas are designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. Kettle Ponds SIA This SIA is designated because of its geological, botanical, and zoological values. Most of the kettle ponds are located in the Stillwater Park/Long Lake area and immediately west of Turpin Reservoir; elevations range from 9,000 feet to approximately 9,500 feet. The kettle ponds are glacial relics that complement other glacial features in this portion of the Medicine Bow Mountains. The area contains an abundant population of wood frogs - an R2 sensitive amphibian. Indian pond lily (Nuphar sp.), a strikingly beautiful, flowering aquatic plant, is more abundant in the kettle pond area than in any other location on the Forest. The kettle pond area supports diverse aquatic floral and faunal communities and constitutes what is likely the most densely populated pond habitat in the Medicine Bow Mountains. White Rock Canyon SIA This SIA is designated because of its geologic, scenic, and wildlife values. The area is located in the northern portion of the Snowy Range, eight miles southwest of Arlington. The area contains steep sandstone cliffs and outcroppings as well as scenic views of Elk Mountain and the high plains to the north. Vegetation ranges from sagebrush communities to mountain shrub communities to coniferous forests. Because of this habitat mix, the area can support a wide range of wildlife species. Ribbon Forest SIA This area is designated for its geological, botanical, zoological, research, and scenic values. The Ribbon Forest SIA is located in the Snowy Range on the Laramie Ranger District. Elevations in the area range from 10,200 feet at the northern boundary to 11,100 feet along portions of the southern boundary. Impacts and disturbance from human activities (hiking, dispersed camping, hunting, and recent sheep grazing) are minimal. Important features of the area include old growth Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forests and bands of ribbon forests with an Engelmann spruce overstory and grouse whortleberry understory. Both forested types are scattered among a mosaic of subalpine meadows, wetlands, and grasslands. Trees in the ribbons often have a 'krummholz" appearance. Trees in the ribbon forest are aligned perpendicular to the prevailing westerly winds and function as snow fences. Heavy snow accumulations typically inhibit seedling establishment on the lee sides of the tree rows while the snowmelt enhances tree growth within the ribbons. The ribbon forests in the area represent some of the oldest forests in the Snowy Range, with trees dating from 150 to 300 years old. Medicine Bow Peak SIA Page 78 of 254

85 This SIA is designated because of its botanical values. It is the best example of alpine tundra in the Medicine Bow National Forest. It contains the unusual and rare species Carex arapahoensis, Agrostis borealis, Chionophila jamesii, and Haplopappus pygmaeus. USFS Administrative Sites o The Snowy Range 4 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Kennaday Peak Fire Lookout Bow River Campground Deep Creek Campground Brush Creek Campground South Brush Creek Campground Lincoln Park Campground Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Snowy Range 4 FMU o The following areas areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have o Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Rainbow Valley The following WUI areas are Special Use areas located on Forest Service lands. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Brooklyn Lake Special Use Cabins Lower Libby Creek Special Use Cabins Snowy Mountain Lodge and Special Use Cabins Towner Lake Parkview Special Use Cabins The following WUI areas are located on private land in Carbon County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Carbon County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Cherokee Trails Subdivision Morgan Mullison Park Cabins Oberg Pass Overlook Estates Ryan Park Tenmile Turpin White Rock Estates Woodedge Electronic Sites o The Snowy Range 4 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document Snowy Range 4 FMU Fire Environment Page 79 of 254

86 Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 4 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 4 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 80 of 254

87 5.5 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 5 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 5 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 5 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 5 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO Page 81 of 254

88 o Daron Reynolds: (307) Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 5 FMU Community County State Centennial Albany WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Albany Albany WY Woods Landing Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Snowy Range 5 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 5 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 5 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 5 FMU direct that direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation), 8.3 (Utility Corridors and Electronic Sites), and 8.6 (Administrative Site) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72, 2-77, and 2-79) provides the following guidance for these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Snowy Range 5 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 5 FMU: o Mine shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Heavy traffic on roads in some areas. Page 82 of 254

89 o o o Fire Management Plan 2013 Limited to nonexistent road in some areas of the FMU Areas of steep and rocky terrain Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 5 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 2.1, 3.54, 3.58, 4.2, and 5.15 north of Wyoming State Highway 130 and south of Interstate 80. Areas designated as Management Areas 8.21, 8.22, 8.3, and 8.6 that are surrounded by the lands described above are also contained in this FMU. Topography o Due to the large amount of area covered in this FMU a wide range of topography exists. The majority of this FMU ranges from rolling to relatively steep. Many drainages are present in the FMU. Most of these drainages are not very steep. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness borders the Snowy Range 5 FMU and is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 5 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 5 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils Page 83 of 254

90 o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-65, 3-69, 3-73, 3-77, 3-85, 3-88 and 3-93) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 5 FMU. o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is somewhat variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on a local basis. Because of the somewhat gentle terrain found on the majority of this FMU mass soil wasting and erosion potential are low in most areas. The exception to the low potential for mass soil wasting and erosion are areas that contain Sherman granite soils. These areas may have moderate to high erosion potential Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-65, 3-69, 3-73, 3-77, 3-85, 3-88 and 3-93) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 5 FMU. Much of the FMU is dominated by lodgepole pine. At the mid elevations the forested areas tend to be unbroken. At mid elevations and higher Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir becomes more abundant. At lower elevations lodgepole pine becomes mixed with aspen. Mosaics of stringer forest and treeless sagebrush shrubland also exist at the lower elevations. Some of the stringer forests contain unique relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, mixed in with aspen and lodgepole pine. Riparian areas contain narrowleaf cottonwood, aspen, conifers, alder, and willow. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-65, 3-69, 3-73, 3-77, 3-85, 3-88 and 3-93) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 7 FMU. A large percentage of this FMU provides spring, summer, and fall habitat for deer, and elk. Lower elevations on this FMU provide crucial winter range for deer and elk. This FMU provides migration corridors and transition range for deer and elk. o A major migration corridor exists between Lake Owen and Sheep Mountain. Elk calving areas are present on the FMU. Bighorn sheep habitat is found on some of the south facing slopes and associated rock outcrops in the FMU. There is potential for development of a bighorn sheep migration corridor up South French Creek Canyon to high elevation summer range. The eastern edge of the FMU also contains habitat for antelope. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. There is suitable cliff nesting habitat for raptors such as peregrine falcons, prairie falcons, and golden eagles in some areas on the FMU. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges in the area. They are; boreal toad, wood frog, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and tiger salamander. The Middle Fork area contains the last known populations of boreal toads on the Laramie District. The eastern portion of this FMU is largely comprised of the Sheep Mountain Game Refuge. This area provides yearlong elk and mule deer range. Page 84 of 254

91 The eastern and western boundaries of the refuge are crucial winter range. Mountain lions are attracted to the area particularly in the winter due to the abundance of wintering big game animals. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-65, 3-69, 3-73, 3-77, 3-85, 3-88 and 3-93) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 5 FMU. Known goshawk nests exist throughout much of the FMU. Bald Eagle habitat is located in the western portions of this FMU. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-65, 3-69, 3-73, 3-77, 3-85, 3-88 and 3-93) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 5 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and splake. Native fish species in the area white sucker, longnose sucker, and longnose dace. Douglas Creek is an important spawning ground for the North Platte River. Lake Owen and Rob Roy Reservoir are both important recreational fisheries Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 5 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 5 FMU does not contain any RNA s. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy Range 5 FMU contains six SIA s. These areas are designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. Cinnabar Park SIA The largest, most puzzling mountain meadow in the Medicine Bow National Forest is Cinnabar Park. Its origin is still not fully understood even though at least three studies have attempted to develop an explanation. The forest/meadow boundaries are sharp; there is little or no evidence of tree invasion. The value of this area for research and education is increased by the presence of, arguably, the world's longest ribbon forest and snowglade on the leeward side of the Park and by a burned forest (1975) of about 40 acres on the upwind side. Because of the ribbon forest/snowglade complex, the recent burn, and Cinnabar Park itself, this area is of great interest to students from nearby universities and from around the world. Douglas Creek Tie Dam SIA Horse Creek Tie Dam SIA Muddy Park Tie Dam SIA There are 3 (Muddy Park, Horse Creek, Upper Douglas Creek) standing tie or splash dams located on the Laramie Ranger District. All three dams are in excellent condition with only minor breaches. The dams were designed, constructed, and operated by local woodsmen in the early 1920s. The dams were constructed at the headwaters of the respective streams, creating reservoirs of water behind them. Concurrently with the melting of the winter accumulation of snow and the spring rains, the dams were opened at their gates to flush the streams Page 85 of 254

92 o Fire Management Plan 2013 below. On this elevated and swifter current of water, the crossties and logs were driven (floated) downstream to Douglas Creek and the North Platte River to the railhead at Fort Fred Steele. The dams were filled and opened several times during the driving season. Local materials were also used to construct the dams. The cribbed headgates were constructed with round logs filled with boulders and rocks. The sluiceway was controlled with a lift gate. The wings of the dam were constructed with round log posts and a brace sheathed with wooden slabs (board and batten) and the face was then covered with five to six feet of dirt. Roper Cabin SIA The Roper Place (also called Echo Lodge) is the oldest lodge on the Medicine Bow National Forest. It is located approximately five miles south of Keystone, Albany County. The site is approximately 60 acres in size and contains one barn, one lodge, four cabins, one skid shack, four outhouses, one gravesite, one earthen dam and associated canal system, several prospect pits, and scattered debris. Sunken Garden SIA This SIA is designated because of its botanical, wildlife, and scenic values. This very wet drainage contains numerous small ponds that support important amphibian habitat. Willow shrubs and scattered aspen, subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce and lodgepole pine surround these ponds. National Forest System Road 517 provides access to the southern boundary of the drainage and provides a wonderful view into the Centennial Valley looking north. Additional guidance is provided in the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-20 to 2-28) regarding the Douglas Creek Tie Dam, Horse Creek Tie Dam, Muddy Park Tie Dam, and the Roper Cabin SIA s. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1: Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. USFS Administrative Sites o The Snowy Range 5 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21 and 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Pickaroon Campground Pike Pole Campground Sixmile Gap Campground Pelton Creek Campground Boswell Creek Campground Spruce Mountain Fire Lookout Rob Roy Campground Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Snowy Range 5 FMU o o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Rambler Mine Moores Gulch Page 86 of 254

93 Teachers Addition Porter Ranch Wycolo-Mountain Home OxYoke Ranch Wold Tract Albany The following WUI areas are Special Use areas located on Forest Service lands. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Dry Park Special Use Cabins Fletcher Creek Special Use Cabins Beehive Bear Creek Special Use Cabins Gramm Special Use Cabins The following WUI areas are located on private land in Carbon County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Carbon County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). French Creek Ranch Ryan Park Electronic Sites o The Snowy Range 5 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document Snowy Range 5 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 5 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 5 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 87 of 254

94 5.6 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 6 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 6 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 6 FMU Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Radio Frequencies Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 6 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Page 88 of 254

95 Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO o Daron Reynolds: (307) Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 6 FMU Community County State Centennial Albany WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Albany Albany WY Woods Landing Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Snowy Range 6 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 6 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 6 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 6 FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72) provides the following guidance for these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Snowy Range 6 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 6 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Page 89 of 254

96 Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 6 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 5.13 and 5.41 north of Wyoming State Highway 130 and south of Interstate 80. Areas designated as Management Areas 8.21, 8.22, 8.3, and 8.6 that adjoin the lands described above are also contained in this FMU. Topography The most prominent topographic feature in this FMU is Rock Creek Point at 10,603 ft. The majority of this FMU ranges from rolling to relatively steep. Several drainages are present in the FMU. Most of these drainages are not considered to be very steep. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness is located approximately twenty miles south to southwest of the Snowy Range 6 FMU and is designated as a Class I airshed by the state of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 6 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 6 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-57, 3-83, and 3-90) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 6 FMU. o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is somewhat variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on a local basis. Page 90 of 254

97 High mass wasting and erosion potential exist in the Pennock Mountain area due to soil types and topography Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-57, 3-83, and 3-90) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 6 FMU. Much of the FMU is dominated by lodgepole pine. At the mid elevations found primarily in the eastern portion of the FMU, the forested areas tend to be unbroken. At lower elevations lodgepole pine becomes mixed with aspen. Mosaics of stringer forest and treeless sagebrush shrubland also exist at the lower elevations. Some of the stringer forests contain unique relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, mixed in with aspen and lodgepole pine. Riparian areas contain narrowleaf cottonwood, aspen, conifers, alder, and willow. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-57, 3-83, and 3-90) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 6 FMU. Lower elevations on this FMU provide winter range for deer and elk. This FMU provides migration corridors and transition range for deer and elk. Elk calving areas are present on the FMU. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges in the area. They are; boreal toad, wood frog, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and tiger salamander. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-57, 3-83, and 3-90) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 6 FMU. Much of the area occurs in the vegetation/elevation zone preferred by nesting goshawks, and there are many known nests. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-57, 3-83, and 3-90) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 6 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, and rainbow trout. Native fish species found within or near the FMU are white sucker, longnose sucker, and longnose dace, creek chub, Johnny darter, Iowa darter, sand shiner, bigmouth shiner, emerald shiner, fathead minnow, and hornyhead chub Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 6 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 6 FMU does not contain any RNA s. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy range 6 FMU does not contain any SIA s. USFS Administrative Sites Page 91 of 254

98 o The Snowy Range 6 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21 and 8.6. Management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. North Fork Campground Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Snowy Range 6 FMU o The following areas areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have o Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. There are no WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. There are no WUI areas in Carbon County that are Special Use areas located on Forest Service lands. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Carbon County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Carbon County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). White Rock Estates Morgan Oberg Pass Cherokee Trails Subdivision There are no WUI areas in Carbon County that are Special Use areas located on Forest Service Lands. Electronic Sites o The Snowy Range 6 FMU does not contain any electronic sites (Management Area 8.3) Snowy Range 6 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 6 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 6 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 92 of 254

99 Page 93 of 254 Fire Management Plan 2013

100 5.7 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 7 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 7 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 7 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District Brush Creek/ Hayden Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 7 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO Page 94 of 254

101 o Daron Reynolds: (307) Brush Creek/Hayden Ranger District FMO o Mick Hood: (307) Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 7 FMU Community County State Centennial Albany WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Albany Albany WY Woods Landing Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Snowy Range 7 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 7 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 7 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 7 FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation), 8.3 (Utility Corridors and Electronic Sites), and 8.6 (Administrative Site) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72, 2-77, and 2-79) provides the following guidance for these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Snowy Range 7 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 7 FMU: o Mine shafts o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Heavy traffic on roads in some areas. Page 95 of 254

102 o o Fire Management Plan 2013 Areas of steep and rocky terrain Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 7 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 5.13 and 5.41 north of the Wyoming/Colorado state line and south of Wyoming State Highway 130. Areas designated as Management Areas 8.21, 8.3, and 8.6 that are surrounded by or share a border with the lands described above are also contained in this FMU. Topography o Due to the large amount of area covered in this FMU some variation in topography exists. The majority of this FMU is designated as Management Area 5.13 (Timber Products) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. A characteristic of land managed for timber production is gentle to moderate terrain as it allows access of timber harvesting equipment. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness borders the Snowy Range 7 FMU and is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 7 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 7 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils Page 96 of 254

103 o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-61, 3-65, 3-69, 3-85, 3-88, and 3-93) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 7 FMU. o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is somewhat variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on a local basis. Because of the somewhat gentle terrain found on the majority of this FMU mass soil wasting and erosion potential are low in most areas. The exception to the low potential for mass soil wasting and erosion are areas that contain Sherman granite soils. These areas may have moderate to high erosion potential Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-61, 3-65, 3-69, 3-85, 3-88, and 3-93) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 7 FMU. Much of the FMU is dominated by lodgepole pine. At the mid elevations the forested areas tend to be unbroken. At mid elevations and higher Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir becomes more abundant. At lower elevations lodgepole pine becomes mixed with aspen. Mosaics of stringer forest and treeless sagebrush shrubland also exist at the lower elevations. Some of the stringer forests contain unique relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, mixed in with aspen and lodgepole pine. Riparian areas contain narrowleaf cottonwood, aspen, conifers, alder, and willow. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-61, 3-65, 3-69, 3-85, 3-88, and 3-93) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 7 FMU. A large percentage of this FMU provides spring, summer, and fall habitat for deer, and elk. Lower elevations on this FMU provide crucial winter range for deer and elk. Portions of this FMU provide migration corridors and transition range for deer and elk. o A major migration corridor exists between Lake Owen and Sheep Mountain. Elk calving areas are present on the FMU. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. The western portions of the FMU are near the area where a transplanted herd of bighorn sheep is located The herd is below unit objectives due to several factors. o Historic migration routes have been lost forest encroachment as a result of fire suppression and the lack of corridors that provide access to high elevation summer range. There is suitable cliff nesting habitat for raptors such as peregrine falcons, prairie falcons, and golden eagles in some areas on the FMU. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges in the area. They are; boreal toad, wood frog, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and tiger salamander. The far eastern portion of this FMU is comprised of the Sheep Mountain Game Refuge. This area provides elk and mule deer winter range. Page 97 of 254

104 Mountain lions are attracted to the area particularly in the winter due to the abundance of wintering big game animals. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages pages 3-61, 3-65, 3-69, 3-85, 3-88, and 3-93) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 7 FMU. Known goshawk nests exist throughout much of the FMU. Bald Eagle habitat is located in the western portions of this FMU. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages pages 3-61, 3-65, 3-69, 3-85, 3-88, and 3-93) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 7 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and splake. Native fish species in the area include white sucker, longnose sucker, and longnose dace. Douglas Creek is an important spawning ground for the North Platte River. Lake Owen is an important recreational fishery Resources Wilderness Areas o The Snowy Range 7 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o The Snowy Range 7 FMU does not contain any RNA s. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy Range 7 FMU contains one SIA s. This area is designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in this area will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. Muddy Park Tie Dam SIA There are 3 (Muddy Park, Horse Creek, Upper Douglas Creek) standing tie or splash dams located on the Laramie Ranger District. All three dams are in excellent condition with only minor breaches. The dams were designed, constructed, and operated by local woodsmen in the early 1920s. The dams were constructed at the headwaters of the respective streams, creating reservoirs of water behind them. Concurrently with the melting of the winter accumulation of snow and the spring rains, the dams were opened at their gates to flush the streams below. On this elevated and swifter current of water, the crossties and logs were driven (floated) downstream to Douglas Creek and the North Platte River to the railhead at Fort Fred Steele. The dams were filled and opened several times during the driving season. Local materials were also used to construct the dams. The cribbed headgates were constructed with round logs filled with boulders and rocks. The sluiceway was controlled with a lift gate. The wings of the dam were constructed with round log posts and a brace sheathed with wooden slabs (board and batten) and the face was then covered with five to six feet of dirt. Roper Cabin SIA The Roper Place (also called Echo Lodge) is the oldest lodge on the Medicine Bow National Forest. It is located approximately five miles south of Keystone, Albany County. The site is approximately 60 acres in size and contains one barn, one lodge, four cabins, one skid shack, four outhouses, one gravesite, one earthen dam and associated canal system, several prospect pits, and scattered debris. Page 98 of 254

105 o Additional guidance is provided in the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-20 to 2-28) regarding the Douglas Creek Tie Dam, Horse Creek Tie Dam, Muddy Park Tie Dam, and the Roper Cabin SIA s. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1: Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. USFS Administrative Sites o The Snowy Range 7 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21 and 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Miller Lake Campground Fox Park Work Center Bobbie Thomson Campground Keystone Work Center Lake Owen Campground French Creek Campground Ryan Park Campground Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Snowy Range 7 FMU o The following areas areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located in the Snowy Range 7 FMU on private land in Albany County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Keystone Lake Creek Foxborough Miller Lake Fox Park There are no WUI areas comprised of Special Use areas located on Forest Service lands on the Snowy Range 7 FMU in Albany County. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Carbon County. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Carbon County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). French Creek Ranch Ryan Park Snowy Range 7 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 7 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 7 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU. Page 99 of 254

106 Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 100 of 254

107 5.8 Fire Management Considerations for the Snowy Range 8 Fire Management Unit Snowy Range 8 FMU Snap Shot Snowy Range 8 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Snowy Range 8 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO o Daron Reynolds: (307) Page 101 of 254

108 Communities Within or Near the Snowy Range 8 FMU Community County State Centennial Albany WY Ryan Park Carbon WY Albany Albany WY Woods Landing Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS G or H AA 9020 ft Snowy Range 8 FMU Guidance The Snowy Range 8 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Snowy Range 8 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Snowy Range 8 FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o The majority of the FMU is comprised of land designated as Management Areas 2.1m (Centennial Ridge Special Interest Area) and 8.22 (Ski-based resorts, existing and potential) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-28, and 2-72) provides the following guidance for these areas. Fire and Fuels Guideline 1. Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy Snowy Range 8 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Snowy Range 8 FMU: o There are an abundance of Mine shafts in this area. o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Heavy traffic on roads in some areas. Wyoming State Highway 130 is heavily used during the summer months. o Limited to nonexistent road in some areas of the FMU Page 102 of 254

109 Road access is limited in the Centennial Ridge SIA. o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Snowy Range 8 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land designated in the Medicine Bow LRMP as Management Areas 2.1m, 4.3, 8.21, 8.22, and 8.6 south of Wyoming State Highway 130 and east of USFS Roads 336 and 338. Topography o Topography in this area ranges from moderate to relatively steep. The Centennial Ridge area is quite steep, especially on the east slope. The Snowy Range Ski Area land is moderate to steep. Air Quality o The Savage Run Wilderness is located to the southeast of the Snowy Range 8 FMU and is designated as a Class I Airshed by the State of Wyoming. o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the southwest of the Snowy Range 8 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the Snowy Range 8 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Ryan Park/Ten Mile Fox Park Woods Landing Centennial Albany Saratoga Encampment Keystone Wyocolo Laramie Ryan Park Soils o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-77) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Snowy Range 8 FMU. Page 103 of 254

110 o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is somewhat variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on a local basis. Soil mass wasting and erosion potential is generally moderate to high in this FMU. Areas that contain Sherman granite soils may have a high erosion and mass soil wasting potential Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-77) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 8 FMU. Much of the FMU is dominated by lodgepole pine. At the mid elevations the forested areas tend to be unbroken. At mid elevations and higher Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir becomes more abundant. At lower elevations lodgepole pine becomes mixed with aspen. Mosaics of stringer forest and treeless sagebrush shrubland also exist at the lower elevations. Some of the stringer forests contain unique relic stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, mixed in with aspen and lodgepole pine. Riparian areas contain narrowleaf cottonwood, aspen, conifers, alder, and willow. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-77) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 8 FMU. A large percentage of this FMU provides spring, summer, and fall habitat for deer, and elk. Lower elevations on this FMU provide winter range for deer and elk. This FMU provides migration corridors and transition range for deer and elk. Elk calving areas are present on the FMU. The eastern edge of the FMU also contains habitat for antelope. Moose, which are not native to the Forest, are also increasing in number. There is suitable cliff nesting habitat for raptors such as peregrine falcons, prairie falcons, and golden eagles in some areas on the FMU. Several amphibian species occur or have historic ranges in the area. They are; boreal toad, wood frog, northern leopard frog, boreal chorus frog, and tiger salamander. The Middle Fork area contains the last known populations of boreal toads on the Laramie District. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-77) does not describes any concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Snowy Range 8 FMU. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-73 and 3-77) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Snowy Range 8 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout Resources Wilderness Areas Page 104 of 254

111 o The Snowy Range 8 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o Currently the Snowy Range 8 FMU does not contain any RNA s. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Snowy Range 8 FMU contains one SIA. This area is designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in this area will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. o Centennial Ridge SIA This SIA is designated for its historic values. The gold rush on Centennial Ridge began in late 1874, with the first claims staked on January 1, A stamp mill and tramway were in operation at the site by fall of 1875, and a post office and polling place soon followed. Eventually, a hotel, dining hall, and a stage line were established, followed by cabins, a boarding house, stables, and a blacksmith s shop. However, the initial discovery of gold proved rich, but limited. A second rush of mining activity occurred in the 1920s with prospectors looking for platinum and palladium. Many of the mining camps on the ridge contain standing structures, as wells as abandoned mining equipment. The area is unique in that many of the structures are in remarkably good condition or contain many elements missing in camps found in other parts of the Forest. To this day mining continues on Centennial Ridge. Additional guidance is provided in the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-28) regarding the Centennial Ridge SIA. o Fire and Fuels Guideline 1: Use direct control as the wildland fire management strategy. USFS Administrative Sites o The Snowy Range 8 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21, 8.22, and 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Snowy Range Ski Area Centennial Work Center Centennial Visitor Center University of Wyoming Recreation Camp Barber Lake Campground Libby Creek Recreation Area Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Snowy Range 8 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. Further information regarding fire management in many of these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Centennial Rainbow Valley North Fork Aspen Valley Aspen Country Page 105 of 254

112 The following WUI areas are Special Use areas located on Forest Service lands. Further information regarding fire management in these areas can be found in the Albany County Community Wildfire Protection Plans (CWPP). Libby Lodge Special Use Cabins Lower Libby Creek special Use Cabins Snowy Range Lodge Electronic Sites o The Snowy Range 8 FMU does not contain any areas designated as Management Area 8.3(Electronic Sites) in the Medicine Bow LRMP Snowy Range 8 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Snowy Range 8 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Snowy Range 8 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 296- Medicine Bow National Forest Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 106 of 254

113 CHAPTER 6. POLE MOUNTAIN FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA Due to its size, the Pole Mountain FMPA is not divided any further and consists of one Fire Management Unit. The following map depicts control strategies outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for this area. Page 107 of 254

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115 6.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Pole Mountain 1 Fire Management Unit Pole Mountain 1 FMU Snap Shot Pole Mountain 1 Radio Frequencies Group #5 Laramie Ranger District/Supervisor's Office Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide Medbow (Laramie) N Work N Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N Pole Mtn Repeater N Spruce Mtn Repeater N Jelm Mtn Repeater N Kennaday Peak Repeater N Blackhall Repeater N Bridger Peak Repeater N Albany Cnty Jelm Rptr N Albany County Fire 1[D] N Albany County Fire 2 Rock Rvr Rptr N VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Air-to-Ground 10 (WY04) ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Laramie Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Pole Mountain 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Laramie Ranger District FMO o Daron Reynolds: (307) Page 109 of 254

116 Communities Within or Near the Pole Mountain 1 FMU Community County State Laramie Albany WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Esterbrook USFS G or H 42 24' 55" ' 40" 3240A63E 6,530 ft Pole Mountain 1 FMU Guidance The Pole Mountain 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Pole Mountain 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Pole Mountain 1 FMU contains Management Areas that have a variety of direction in regards to management of unplanned ignitions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 4.3, 5.12, and 5.41.The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-54, 2-56, and 2.65) provides guidance that explains that direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 1.31.The Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-11) provides guidance that explains that perimeter and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation), 8.3 (Utility Corridors and Electronic Sites), and 8.6 (Administrative Site) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72, 2-77, and 2-79) provides guidance that explains that a direct control strategy should be the primary consideration when making fire management decisions Pole Mountain 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Pole Mountain 1 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Heavy traffic on roads in some areas. o Limited to nonexistent road in some areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Page 110 of 254

117 Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Pole Mountain 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: U.S. Forest Service lands east of U.S. Highway 287 and west of the Albany/Laramie County line. Topography o Pole Mountain encompasses roughly 55,584 acres of broad rolling hills, which are dissected by drainages running in an east-west direction. The Vedauwoo area consists of very unique rock formations that could locally influence fire behavior. Air Quality o The following areas in or near the Pole Mountain 1 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Laramie, WY Cheyenne, WY Soils o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-25) does not describe any issues concerning soils in the Pole Mountain 1 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (page 3-25) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Pole Mountain 1 FMU. Grasses and shrubs are the dominant vegetation in this FMU. Lodgepole and ponderosa pine make up 11% and 16% of the vegetation, respectively. There are also aspen and minor amount of limber pine. Riparian areas contain willow, aspen, sedges, and rushes dominate riparian vegetation. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (page 3-25) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Pole Mountain 1FMU. Eastern and western boundaries of the FMU are considered mule deer winter range. The western and northern boundaries are elk winter range, including crucial winter range. There are also elk calving areas within this FMU. The southwest boundary is antelope crucial winter range. Cliff and rock formations provide excellent habitat for raptors, including prairie falcons. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species Page 111 of 254

118 o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (page 3-25) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Pole Mountain 1 FMU. Preble s meadow jumping mice have been trapped in eastern watersheds of the Pole Mountain area including branches of Lodgepole Creek and Crow Creek. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (page 3-25) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Pole Mountain 1 FMU. Widespread beaver dams create abundant pools in all drainages. Beaver ponds at the lower elevations are heavily fished in the spring and summer, as they are the first to thaw on the district Resources Wilderness Areas o The Pole Mountain 1 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Pole Mountain 1 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Pole Mountain 1 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Pole Mountain 1 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21 and 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Tie City Campground Yellow Pine Campground Pole Creek Campground Vedauwoo Campground Wallis Picnic Area Blair Picnic Area Lincoln Monument Rest Area and Information Center (state owned) Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Pole Mountain 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have Special Use o Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. Rockaway Ranches Electronic Sites o The Pole Mountain FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document Pole Mountain 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Pole Mountain 1 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high Page 112 of 254

119 with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Pole Mountain 1FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 295- South Laramie Range Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60 miles per hour. Page 113 of 254

120 CHAPTER 7. LARAMIE PEAK FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Laramie Peak FMPA includes two different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated based on geographical differences. Both of the FMUs in this FMPA have similar guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP, but the geographical differences affect fire occurrence and closest resources. Page 114 of 254

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125 7.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Laramie Peak 1 Fire Management Unit Laramie Peak 1 FMU Snap Shot Laramie Peak 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #4 Douglas Ranger District (Laramie Peak Unit) CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Black Mtn Repeater N 2 Cow Creek Mtn Repeater N 3 Gunny Sack Repeater N 4 LPU Portable Repeater N 5 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 6 WORK N 7 BUSBAND [D] ~ ~ N 8 VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N 9 BLM Laramie Pk Repeater ~ N 10 Platte Cnty Fire (D) ~ ~ N 11 Converse County Rural Fire ~ ~ N 12 Albany Cnty SO (D) N 13 Douglas VFD [D] ~ ~ N 14 BLM Fire ~ ~ N 15 Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Douglas Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Laramie Peak 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 4 Engine WY-MBF-492 Thunder Basin NG Chris Rankin (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-693 Esterbrook, WY Buzz Holler (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-694 Esterbrook, WY Josh McGee (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-695 Esterbrook, WY Adam Stepanick (307) Duty Officer Douglas Ranger District FMO o Clay Westbrook (307) Douglas Ranger District AFMO Page 119 of 254

126 o Shay Rogge: (307) Communities Within or Near the Laramie Peak 1 FMU Community County State Douglas Converse WY Esterbrook Converse WY Wheatland Platte WY Glendo Platte WY Cottonwood Park Converse WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Esterbrook USFS C A63E 6,482 ft Laramie Peaks 1 FMU Guidance The Laramie Peaks 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Laramie Peak 1 FMU Tables [a-g] of this document, define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Laramie Peaks 1 FMU contains Management Areas that have a variety of direction in regards to management of unplanned ignitions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 4.3, 5.12, 5.41, and 5.42.The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-54, 2-56, 2-65, and 2.67) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 2.1 and The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-21 and 2-49) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 1.31, 1.33, 2.2, and The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-11, 2-14, 2-29, 2-30, and 2-34) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, perimeter and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation), 8.3 (Utility Corridors and Electronic Sites), and 8.6 (Administrative Site) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72, 2-77, and 2-79) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, Page 120 of 254

127 a direct control strategy should be the primary consideration when making fire management decisions Laramie Peak 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Laramie Peaks 1 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Heavy traffic on roads in some areas. o Limited to nonexistent road in some areas of the FMU o Areas of very steep and rocky terrain o Rattle Snakes are present on the majority of this FMU. o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir is also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Laramie Peak 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: U.S. Forest Service lands located west and south of Interstate 25, east of Albany County Road 61/Carbon County Road 16 (Old Fort Fetterman Road), and north of Wyoming State Highway 34. Elevation Range o 5500 ft. to 10,200 ft. Topography o Due to the large amount of area covered in this FMU a wide range of topography exists. The lower elevations typically border privately owned ranchland, and are characterized by relatively flat to rolling foothills. Very steep rocky drainages do exist in some areas, even at lower elevations. As elevation increases, the topography becomes increasingly steep, with major drainages running in a variety of directions. Air Quality o The following areas in or near the Laramie Peak 1 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Esterbrook Cottonwood Park Harris Park Page 121 of 254

128 Friend Park Fletcher Park Fire Management Plan 2013 Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is somewhat variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on a local basis Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-5, 3-11, 3-14, 3-17, 3-20) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Laramie Peak 1 FMU. Ponderosa pine dominates a large amount of this FMU, especially at the middle to lower elevations. In the late 1980 s some areas of the FMU experienced a significant infestation of mountain pine beetles. Most of the mature ponderosa in the affected areas died as a result. Lodgepole pine is dominant in the middle to upper elevations of this FMU. Small aspen stands exist in some of the wetter areas. Aspen are also intermixed with ponderosa pine in much of the FMU. Engelmann spruce is also present in some of the wetter areas on the FMU. Limber pine exists in small numbers in the Palmer Canyon area. Grass, forbs, and shrubs make up approximately 5-10% of the FMU s vegetation. Much of the FMU has timbered areas with rock outcrops and scattered areas of open parks. Laramie columbine, a Region 2 sensitive plant, occurs in rocky areas of this FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-5, 3-11, 3-14, 3-17, 3-20) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Laramie Peak 1 FMU. This FMU provides large areas of year-round habitat for deer and elk Lower elevations in this FMU provide quality winter range for deer and elk herds. Areas that are designated as crucial deer and elk winter range (Management Area 3.58) are also present in this FMU. Lower elevations on this FMU provide crucial winter range for deer and elk. Bighorn sheep habitat can be found in many areas across this FMU. This FMU contains land that is designated as Management Area 5.42 (Bighorn Sheep Habitat) This FMU contains bighorn sheep lambing areas. Bighorn sheep habitat improvement projects, including prescribed burns and water developments have taken place on this FMU. Abundant wild turkey populations exist in the Laramie Peak 1 FMU. Mountain lion are present in this FMU. The FMU also has black bear in some areas. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-5, 3-11, 3-14, 3-17, 3-20) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Laramie Peak 1 FMU. Page 122 of 254

129 There are numerous known northern goshawk nests throughout this FMU. Preble s meadow jumping mice have been found in much of the area. Fire Management Plan 2013 Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-5, 3-11, 3-14, 3-17, 3-20) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Laramie Peak 1 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, and rainbow trout. Native fish species in the area include a variety of suckers, shiners, and chubs Resources Wilderness Areas o The Laramie Peak 1 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o The Laramie Peak 1 FMU contains one RNA. This area is designated as Management Area 2.2 and management of unplanned ignitions in the area will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. LaBonte Canyon RNA The 3,023 acre LaBonte Canyon RNA is located on the Douglas Ranger District and within the LaBonte Creek Geographic Area. The principal distinguishing feature of the RNA is a steep walled valley. The northern side of the valley is a mixture of big sagebrush stands, antelope bitterbrush stands, Rocky Mountain juniper shrublands, ponderosa pine woodlands, and rock outcrops. The southern side of the valley is forested with lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine woodlands. Riparian woodlands grow along the stream in the valley bottom. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Laramie Peak 1 FMU contains one SIA. This area is designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in the area will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. Ashenfelder SIA This SIA is designated and other (natural area) values. This is a natural area with very little current human activity. It is rugged, highly scenic, and non-motorized. The area has large stands of ponderosa pine that have been impacted by beetles and wildfire. The area s naturalness is what makes it unique. USFS Administrative Sites o The Laramie Peak 1 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21 and 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Curtis Gulch Campground Esterbrook Campground Esterbrook Work Center Friend Park Campground Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Laramie Peak 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. Page 123 of 254

130 Downey Park Elk Park Fletcher Park Friend Park Harris Park Hubbards Mountain Palmer Canyon The following WUI areas are located on private land in Converse County. Esterbrook Electronic Sites o The Laramie Peak 1 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Laramie Peak Communication Site Laramie Peak 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the land on the Laramie Peak 1 FMU consists of fuel models GR2 (low load, dry climate grass (dynamic)), GS1(low load, dry climate grass-shrub (dynamic)), and GS2 (moderate load, dry climate, grass shrub (dynamic)). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel models are grass and shrubs (when present). Characteristic flame lengths in these fuel models are low to moderate, with moderate to high rates of spread. Both rates of spread and flame lengths increase drastically in the presence of winds up to 15 miles per hour and when dead fuel moistures are low or very low. The Laramie Peaks 1 FMU tends to be windy, which will typically cause in increase in fire behavior Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 294- North Laramie Range Page 124 of 254

131 7.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Laramie Peak 2 Fire Management Unit Laramie Peak 2 FMU Snap Shot Laramie Peak 2 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #4 Douglas Ranger District (Laramie Peak Unit) CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Black Mtn Repeater N 2 Cow Creek Mtn Repeater N 3 Gunny Sack Repeater N 4 LPU Portable Repeater N 5 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 6 WORK N 7 BUSBAND [D] ~ ~ N 8 VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N 9 BLM Laramie Pk Repeater ~ N 10 Platte Cnty Fire (D) ~ ~ N 11 Converse County Rural Fire ~ ~ N 12 Albany Cnty SO (D) N 13 Douglas VFD [D] ~ ~ N 14 BLM Fire ~ ~ N 15 Air-to-Ground 12 (WY07) ~ ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Douglas Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Laramie Peak 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 4 Engine WY-MBF-492 Thunder Basin NG Chris Rankin (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-693 Esterbrook, WY Buzz Holler (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-694 Esterbrook, WY Josh McGee (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-695 Esterbrook, WY Adam Stepanick (307) Duty Officer Douglas Ranger District FMO o Clay Westbrook (307) Douglas Ranger District AFMO Page 125 of 254

132 o Shay Rogge: (307) Communities Within or Near the Laramie Peak 2 FMU Community County State Douglas Converse WY Esterbrook Converse WY Glenrock Converse WY Casper Natrona WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Esterbrook USFS C A63E 6,482 ft Laramie Peak 2 FMU Guidance The Laramie Peak 2 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Medicine Bow LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Laramie Peak 2 FMU Tables [a-g] of this document, define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Medicine Bow LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Laramie Peaks 2 FMU contains Management Areas that have a variety of direction in regards to management of unplanned ignitions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 4.3, 5.12, and The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-54, 2-56, and 2-65) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 3.5. The Medicine Bow LRMP (page 2-42) provides guidance that explains that, in this Management Area, direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 1.33 and The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 2-14 and 2-34) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, perimeter and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 8.21 (Developed Recreation) and 8.6 (Administrative Site) in the Medicine Bow LRMP. The LRMP (pages 2-72 and 2-79) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, a direct control strategy should be the primary consideration when making fire management decisions Laramie Peak 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Page 126 of 254

133 Hazards that exist in the Laramie Peak 2 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road in some areas of the FMU o Areas of very steep and rocky terrain o Rattle Snakes are present on the majority of this FMU. o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Englemann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Laramie Peak 2 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: U.S. Forest Service lands located west and south of Interstate 25, west of Albany County Road 61/Carbon County Road 16 (Old Fort Fetterman Road), and north of Wyoming State Highway 34. Elevation Range o 7,300 ft. to 9,400 ft. Topography o Due to the large amount of area covered in this FMU a wide range of topography exists. The lower elevations typically border privately owned ranchland, and are characterized by relatively flat to rolling foothills. Very steep rocky drainages do exist in some areas, even at lower elevations. As elevation increases, the topography becomes increasingly steep. Steep and rocky drainages exist and flow in a variety of directions. Air Quality o The following areas in or near the Laramie Peak 2 FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Esterbrook Cottonwood Park Harris Park Friend Park Fletcher Park Soils o Mass wasting and erosion are the primary concerns for the soils in the unit. The potential for mass soil wasting and erosion is somewhat variable across this FMU. Soils information concerning wildland fire management should be determined on a local basis. Page 127 of 254

134 Biological Vegetation o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-8, 3-17, and 3-22) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Laramie Peak 2 FMU. Scattered stands of limber pine and subalpine fir exist across the FMU. The western portion of the FMU has limber pine interspersed with ponderosa pine and Douglas fir. Lodgepole pine is abundant across the FMU as well. Most lodgepole stands in the area are heavily infested with mistletoe. Engelmann spruce is also present in some of the wetter areas on the FMU. Isolated aspen stands comprise a minor component of the vegetation. Some areas have wet open parks with islands of spruce and lodgepole pine. Grass, shrubs, and forbs make up approximately 5-10% of the vegetation. Laramie columbine, a Region 2 sensitive plant, occurs in rocky areas of this FMU. The southern portions of this FMU consist of a transition zone into the Laramie Plains and a transition zone into irrigated hay meadows on private and state lands. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-8, 3-17, and 3-22) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Laramie Peak 2 FMU. This FMU provides areas of year-round habitat for deer and elk Lower elevations on this FMU provide winter range for deer, elk, and bighorn sheep. Elk calving areas exist on the FMU. Bighorn sheep habitat can be found in many areas across this FMU. This FMU contains bighorn sheep lambing areas. Bighorn sheep habitat improvement projects, including prescribed burns and water developments have taken place on this FMU. Wild turkey populations exist in the Laramie Peak 2 FMU. Mountain lion are present in this FMU. The FMU also has black bears in some areas. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-8, 3-17, and 3-22) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Laramie Peak 2 FMU. There are numerous known northern goshawk nests throughout this FMU. Preble s meadow jumping mice have been found in much of the area. Fisheries o The Medicine Bow LRMP (pages 3-8, 3-17, and 3-22) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Laramie Peak 2 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brook trout and rainbow trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Laramie Peak 2 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) Page 128 of 254

135 o The Laramie Peak 2 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Laramie Peak 2 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Laramie Peak 2 FMU contains the following Administrative Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.21 and 8.6 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Medicine Bow LRMP which is outlined in Table (g) of this document. Campbell Creek Campground LaPrele Forest Service Facility Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Laramie Peak 2 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include lands owned by the Forest Service that have Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land and private lands. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County. Downey Park The following WUI areas are located on private land in Converse County. Downey Park Cold Springs Boxelder Electronic Sites o The Laramie Peak 2 FMU does not contain any Electronic Sites Laramie Peak 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the land on the Laramie Peaks 1 FMU consists of fuel models GR2 (low load, dry climate grass (dynamic)), GS1(low load, dry climate grass-shrub (dynamic)), and GS2 (moderate load, dry climate, grass shrub (dynamic)). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel models are grass and shrubs (when present). Characteristic flame lengths in these fuel models are low to moderate, with moderate to high rates of spread. Both rates of spread and flame lengths increase drastically in the presence of winds up to 15 miles per hour and when dead fuel moistures are low or very low. The Laramie Peaks 1 FMU tends to be windy, which will typically cause in increase in fire behavior Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 294- North Laramie Range Page 129 of 254

136 CHAPTER 8. THUNDER BASIN FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA Due to the commonalities across all areas in the Thunder Basin FMPA, the area is not divided any further and consists of one Fire Management Unit. Page 130 of 254

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142 8.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Thunder Basin 1 Fire Management Unit Thunder Basin 1 FMU Snap Shot Thunder Basin 1 FMU Map Thunder Basin 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #3 Douglas Ranger District (Thunder Basin Unit) CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Warren Peak Repeater N 2 Elk Mtn Repeater N 3 Rochelle Hills Repeater N 4 WORK N 5 Medicine Bow Fire TAC ~ ~ N 6 VFIRE21 (old FERN) ~ N 7 Converse County Rural Fire ~ ~ N 8 Douglas VFD [D] ~ ~ N 9 Weston Cnty Fire [R] ~ N 10 Weston CNTY Fire TAC ~ ~ N 11 Campbell Cnty N [R] N 12 Campbell Cnty S [R] N 13 BLM Hunter Mesa Repeater ~ N 14 BLM Pumpkin Butte Repeater ~ N 15 Air-to-Ground 15 (WY03 & 04, WY07) ~ ~ N 16 Air-to-Ground 26 (WY03, SD02) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Casper Interagency Dispatch Center o (307) o (800) Administrative Unit Douglas Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Thunder Basin 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 4 Engine WY-MBF-492 Thunder Basin NG Chris Rankin (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-693 Esterbrook, WY Buzz Holler (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-694 Esterbrook, WY Josh McGee (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-695 Esterbrook, WY Adam Stepanick (307) Page 136 of 254

143 Duty Officer Douglas Ranger District FMO o Clay Westbrook (307) Douglas Ranger District AFMO o Shay Rogge: (307) Communities Within or Near the Thunder Basin 1 FMU Community County State Bill Converse WY Douglas Converse WY Gillette Campbell WY Newcastle Converse WY Upton Crook WY Wright Campbell WY NFDRS Weather Stations Station Name & Owner Station Number Fuel Model Location NESDIS # Elevation Rochelle Hills USFS C FO 5,175 ft Thunder Basin 1 FMU Guidance The Thunder Basin 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Grassland LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU Section and Table of this document; define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Grassland LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. o Due to the large amounts of private land intermingled with Federal land and guidance from the Grassland LRMP; all wildfires, natural and human caused, should be suppressed using fire management based on aggressive initial attack. When appropriate, the use of natural barriers and burning out is encouraged Thunder Basin 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU: o Private land and power lines (scattered throughout the unit) o Frequent windy conditions Page 137 of 254

144 o o o o o Limited road access on some parts of the FMU. Light, flashy fuels may allow fire to spread very rapidly. Limited water sources. Heavy traffic on highways at times (coal mine shift changes). Oil and Gas Production sites. Pipelines Hazardous Materials Fire Management Plan Physical Thunder Basin 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: All lands included in the Thunder Basin National Grassland. Elevation Range o 3,800 ft. to 5,300 ft. Topography o The topography of the area is characterized by fairly level plains, with slopes rarely exceeding 15%. The FMU contains large expanses of open land and contains very few roads in many areas. o Gullies and steep escarpments are present in some areas. Air Quality o Wind Cave National Park and Badlands National Park are located in South Dakota, to the east of the Thunder Basin FMU. These areas are designated as Class I Airsheds. o Also, the following areas in or near the Eastern Counties FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Newcastle Upton Wright Soils o The desired conditions for soils on the Thunder Basin FMU will typically be high infiltration rates and low soil compaction, resulting in minimal overland flow events as outlined in the Grassland LRMP Biological Vegetation o Information from the Grassland LRMP (pages 2-1 to 2-39) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU. The dominant vegetation includes Wyoming big sagebrush, needle-and-thread grass, blue grama grass, western wheatgrass, and ponderosa pine. The dominant vegetation includes blue grama, Wyoming big sagebrush, cottonwood, western wheatgrass and needle-and-thread. About 6,000 acres of ponderosa pine occurs primarily in the Weston Hills and the northern part of the geographic area.(spring Creek) Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Grassland LRMP (pages 2-1 to 2-39 and appendix H) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU. Page 138 of 254

145 The plains sharp-tailed grouse is selected as a management indicator species for the biological community most often found in grasslands with a diversity of structural stages, including an abundance of high structure grasslands. Interspersed shrubs and shrub communities also contribute to habitat suitability for this species and many other wildlife species. Habitats that are grazed lightly by livestock and/or periodically rested from annual livestock grazing generally benefit sharp-tailed grouse and many sensitive species including but not limited to short-eared owl, upland sandpiper, and long-billed curlew. Several species of upland nesting waterfowl also respond favorably to high structure levels resulting from lighter grazing intensities and periodic rest from annual grazing. The sage grouse is selected as a management indicator species for sagebrush habitats that have tall, dense and diverse herbaceous understories. These areas typically have a history of lighter livestock grazing intensities. Other wildlife species that typically favor these habitat conditions is provided in the include sage thrasher, Brewer s sparrow, pronghorn and sage vole. Several species of upland nesting waterfowl also respond favorably to these habitat conditions that result from lighter grazing intensities and periodic rest from annual grazing. The black-tailed prairie dog is selected as a management indicator species for low structure grasslands and the biological community associated with prairie dog colonies. Other wildlife species that typically benefit from management for low structure grasslands and maintenance or expansion of prairie dog colonies include burrowing owl, ferruginous hawk, and mountain plover. The pygmy nuthatch is selected as a management indicator species for open mature and late successional ponderosa pine forests that have a relative abundance of snags and large tall trees. Other wildlife species that typically benefit from management for these forest conditions include Lewis woodpecker and merlin. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Grassland LRMP (pages 2-1 to 2-39) describes the following threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that exist in the Geographic Areas contained in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU. Black Tailed Prairie Dogs Sage Grouse Burrowing Owls Swift Fox Mountain Plover Fisheries The Grassland LRMP does not provide any information regarding fisheries in the Thunder basin 1 FMU Resources Wilderness Areas o The Thunder Basin 1 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNA s) o The Thunder Basin 1 FMU contains two RNAs. These areas are designated as Management Area 2.2 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Grassland LRMP which is outlined in Table of this document. 1. Rock Creek RNA The 590-acre Rock Creek area is located approximately eight miles northwest of Clareton, Wyoming. It lies within the ecoregion classified as the Great Plains-Palouse Dry Steppe Province, Powder River Basin Section, Southern Powder River Basin-Scoria Hills Subsection. The area contains segments of two intermittent branches of Rock Creek flowing south in Page 139 of 254

146 valleys approximately 100 feet deep. Slopes face mainly east or west and are gentle. The bedrock is soft sandstone with small amounts of shale, both of the Tullock Member of the Paleocene-aged Fort Union Formation. The substratum in the intermittent stream valleys is alluvium derived from the surrounding uplands. Elevation ranges between 4,450 to 4,640 feet above sea level. The principal distinguishing features include rolling hills with vegetation of the big sagebrush/needle-and-thread plant association and the needle-and-thread/blue grama plant association, and draws supporting the silver sagebrush/western wheatgrass plant association. Barr's milkvetch, a plant species of conservation interest but with no federal status, is found in the area. Three undesirable plants occur in the area: cheatgrass, meadow brome and yellow alyssum. Elk may utilize the area. Pronghorn antelope are common. Only recently did this area become part of the Thunder Basin National Grassland. Livestock grazing has become an allowable use of the area. No major impacts from mineral exploration or production are expected should the area become a designated Research Natural Area. Recreational use is mostly limited to autumn hunting. 2. Wildlife Draw RNA The 640-acre Wildlife Draw area is located approximately 32 miles west of Newcastle, Wyoming. It lies within the ecoregion classified as the Great Plains-Palouse Dry Steppe Province, Powder River Basin-Scoria Hills Subsection. The area contains rolling hills with several draws. Orientation of the area is north to south across a valley with a generally eastward, intermittent drainage. Elevation ranges from about 4,440 feet to 4,630 feet above sea level. Wildlife Draw is vegetated entirely with grasslands and sagebrush shrub-steppe. Vegetation includes needle-and-thread, blue grama, western wheatgrass and threadleaf sedge. Wyoming big sagebrush is widespread. Three draws contain ephemeral streams and support silver a sagebrush/western wheatgrass association. Four exotic plant species are present: cheatgrass, meadow brome, yellow alyssum and salsify. This area represents the mosaic of the following associations reasonably well: needle-and-thread/blue grama and big sagebrush/needleandthread. No federally listed threatened or endangered plant or animal species are known to be present in the area. Judging by the gentle roll of the grasslands in the area, prairie dogs probably used the are at least intermittently before settlement. The narrow shape and small acreage of the area is too small to support populations of pronghorn antelope, elk and mule deer. Establishment of this area as an RNA might require a change in the current livestock grazing management. Special Interest Areas (SIA s) o The Thunder Basin 1 FMU contains six SIAs. These areas are designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Grassland LRMP which is outlined in Table of this document. 1. Cellars SIA This 960-acre site is characterized by a series of prehistoric camps atop a continuous ridge overlooking the surrounding terrain. This complex of more than 120 stone circles was a major prehistoric stopping point for early American Indians. Management emphasizes protecting the archeological features and increasing our understanding of the site by working in concert with contemporary American Indian tribes. Additional LRMP Direction for Cellars SIA: Prohibit ground-disturbing fire control methods. Standard Allow camping only if part of a scientific study. Standard Require monitoring by a professional archeologist during all soil disturbance. Standard Page 140 of 254

147 Consult with traditional religious practitioners of federally recognized tribes before approving any projects within the area. Standard Limit off road motorized vehicle use to authorized administrative purposes including, fire control, emergency services, research, permitted activities, control of invasive plants, and motorized use necessary to exercise outstanding rights. Standard 2. Cheyenne River Zoological SIA This 5,980-acre site provides for approximately 3,000 acres of prairie dog complex, including occupied mountain plover habitat and potential blackfooted ferret habitat. About 6 ¾ miles of the Cheyenne River winds through the area, offering habitat for fish and beaver. Raptors also nest in the area. The river corridor also offers potential habitat for the Ute s lady's tresses and bald eagle winter roost sites. Management emphasis is on protecting and enhancing habitat conditions. Additional LRMP Direction for Cheyenne River Zoological SIA: Restrict motorized travel to locations and time periods when it would not reduce the optimum habitat effectiveness of the area. Standard 3. Alkali Divide SIA This 5,140-acre site features a high concentration of fossil remains from the late Cretaceous Period ending about 65 million years ago. The site is within the Lance Formation, which is composed of 2,600 feet of dull-gray sandy shales alternating with lenticular, light-colored sandstones and thin lignite beds. The Lance Formation has a high potential to produce a large variety of fossils ranging from microvertebrate to large dinosaurs, all of excellent research value. This is the most productive fossil-bearing site on the Thunder Basin National Grassland. Management emphasis is on interpretation, research and education of geology and paleontology. Additional LRMP Direction for Alkali Divide SIA Prohibit ground-disturbing fire control methods. Standard Require monitoring by a professional paleontologist during all soil disturbances. Standard Limit off road motorized vehicle use to authorized administrative purposes including, fire control, emergency services, research, permitted activities, control of invasive plants, and motorized use necessary to exercise outstanding rights. Standard 4. Buffalo Divide SIA This 490-acre site features a series of teepee rings that run along a grassy ridge in the watershed between the Belle Fourche and Cheyenne Rivers. Excavations conducted in the early 1990s indicated a Protohistoric occupation as a hunting camp during the summer and fall. The good preservation of the site and the presence of many associated artifacts make this site a good candidate for further research. It is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Management emphasis is on conservation of the heritage resources, scientific study, environmental education, and interpretation. Additional LRMP Direction for Buffalo Divide SIA Prohibit ground-disturbing fire control methods. Standard Allow camping only if part of a scientific study. Standard Require monitoring by a professional archeologist during all activities that disturb the soil. Standard Consult with traditional religious practitioners of federally recognized tribes before approving any projects within the area. Standard Page 141 of 254

148 Limit off road motorized vehicle use to authorized administrative purposes including, fire control, emergency services, research, permitted activities, control of invasive plants, and motorized use necessary to exercise outstanding rights. Standard 5. Cow Creek Historic Rangeland SIA This 14,170-acre site features naturally appearing rangelands that function in a self-sustaining ecological manner. It is intended to provide a glimpse into what rangelands were like in the pre homestead era, prior to the 1880s. The area is managed for a primitive ecological condition. Naturally appearing landscapes and an abundance of native wildlife including big game (e.g., elk, deer, and antelope) along with domestic livestock prevail. Native vegetation and ecological processes function and are basically unaffected by man, except for the introduction of domestic livestock and the basic facilities needed to maintain them. To duplicate the open range days of early Wyoming, there will be few water developments, uneven utilization by livestock, and very large pastures. A viable livestock grazing operation will be allowed. This will require balancing the desired ecological and historical context with economic viability and type and amount of range facilities. Vegetation and physical structures will be managed/constructed to preserve and protect the primitive landscape. This will create a recreational setting similar to pre-settlement conditions. Additional LRMP Direction for Cow Creek Historic Rangeland SIA Restrict construction of new roads, pipelines, facilities, or power lines to those necessary to exercise outstanding rights, such as oil and gas leases. At the end of use, new roads and facilities will be restored and/or removed to approximate pre-disturbance conditions. Guideline. Limit motorized use to administrative purposes including, but not limited to, the following: o Fire control o Emergency public services, and the permitted activities of (a) scheduled maintenance and operation of range facilities, (b). emergency repair of livestock water facilities, (c). geo physical seismic operations when analysis of the proposed project finds that after two growing seasons there will be no evidence on the land of the project o Motorized use necessary to exercise outstanding rights o Control of invasive plants. Standard. 6. Lance Geologic SIA This 40-acre site is a 10-acre wash containing paleontological resources and numerous mushroom-like geologic features (hoodoos) that provide three dimensional views of ancient sedimentary structures. This unique geologic area lies below the visual line of the prairie and cannot be seen until one is on the edge or below the wash. The geologic features in this SIA aren t found anywhere else on the Thunder Basin National Grassland. The SIA offers the opportunity for researchers to study these unique geologic features, as well as ancient depositional environments and paleontological resources. Management will emphasize the scientific and educational opportunities of the site and protection of the resource. Use by tour groups, universities, and education groups will be encouraged. Use by the general public will not be prohibited or encouraged. Additional LRMP Direction for Lance Geologic SIA Prohibit ground-disturbing activities for fire control. Standard Require monitoring by a professional paleontologist during all activities that disturb the soil. Standard Prohibit camping and campfires in the SIA. Standard Page 142 of 254

149 Non-soil disturbing recreation and other non-soil disturbing land uses are allowed as long as damage to the geologic features will not occur. Standard Limit off road motorized vehicle use to authorized administrative purposes including, fire control, emergency services, research, permitted activities, control of invasive plants, and motorized use necessary to exercise outstanding rights. Standard USFS Administrative Sites o The Grassland LRMP does not identify any USFS Administrative Sites within the Thunder Basin 1FMU. Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to lands Forest Service lands and contain areas of wildland urban interface. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Crook County. Upton Osage The following WUI areas are located on private land in Converse County. Bill Electronic Sites o The Thunder Basin 1 FMU does not contain any areas designated as Management Area 8.3 (Electronic Sites) Fire Behavior The majority of the burnable vegetation in the Thunder Basin 1 FMU is categorized by Landfire as fuel model GR2 [low load, dry climate grass (dynamic)] with some areas of GS2 [moderate load, dry climate grass-shrub (dynamic)]. Fire in fuel model GR2 is carried primarily by grasses. The fuel bed may be somewhat continuous and will allow for very rapid rates of spread, especially in the presence of wind. Flame lengths will range from 1 to 10 feet depending largely on live and dead herbaceous moisture content, and wind. Fuel model GS2 is characterized by the combination of grass (moderate load) and shrubs (1 to 3 feet high). Spread rates in this fuel model are high, while flame lengths tend to be moderate. Both spread rates and flame lengths are greatly affected by live and dead herbaceous moisture content and wind. This FMU can be quite dry and is typically somewhat windy, thus fires have the potential to move quite rapidly across the landscape Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 291- Converse and Niobrara Counties o 259- Southern Campbell County o 297- Northern Campbell County o 298- Crook and Weston Counties The climate of the Thunder Basin 1 FMU can be classified as semi-arid Continental. The area is characterized by cold winters and warm summers, with somewhat infrequent periods of hot weather of more than 100 Fahrenheit. Annual precipitation is generally between 10 and 14 inches, with about 40 inches of snowfall each year. Winds from the southwest are prevalent and sometimes strong. Page 143 of 254

150 CHAPTER 9. FLAT TOPS FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Flat Tops FMPA is divided into two Fire Management Units based on the suggested control strategies in the Routt LRMP. Page 144 of 254

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153 9.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Flat Tops 1 Fire Management Unit Flat Tops 1 FMU Snap Shot Flat Tops 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Yampa Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Flat Tops 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Page 147 of 254

154 Communities Within or Near the Flat Tops 1 FMU Community County State Yampa Routt CO Oak Creek Routt CO Phippsburg Routt CO Counties Contained in the Flat Tops 1 FMU Routt Rio Blanco Moffat Garfield County CO CO CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Porcupine Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Flat Tops 1 FMU. However, Dry Lake RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Porcupine Creek USFS Station Number Dry Lake USFS Willow Creek USFS Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 32' 06" ' 51" 40 21' 06" ' 55" 3235D2C2 3235E F42E 8900 ft ft 9720 ft Flat Tops 1 FMU Guidance The Flat Tops 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Sierra Madre 5 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Flat Tops 1FMU direct that perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Flat Tops 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Page 148 of 254

155 Hazards that exist in the Flat Tops 1 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Many areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress. Spruce Beetle outbreak in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area during the 1940 s killed most of the population and many of the larger standing dead trees from this event still pose a hazard Physical Flat Tops 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Forest Service as part of the Yampa Ranger District and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, and 1.32 located south of U.S. Highway 40 and west of Colorado State Highway 131. Topography o The Flat Tops 1 FMU has a wide range of topographical features. In general the area is characterized by rolling foothills transitioning into a steep mountain range formed by basalt lava flows. The unique characteristic of the flat tops area is relatively flat to rolling terrain found at higher elevations. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the northeast of the Flat Tops 1 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Yampa Phippsburg Oak Creek Steamboat Hayden Craig Meeker Soils o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Flat Tops 1 FMU. Rock and rubble are plentiful in the Flat tops 1 FMU Large areas of unstable soils exist in the western portion of the FMU Page 149 of 254

156 Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Flat Tops 1 FMU. Spruce/fir make up much of the area. Especially in the middle to high elevations. Aspen is also quite prominent in this area, mainly in the middle to low elevations. Grass, forbs, and shrubs cover approximately 15-20% of the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Flat Tops 1 FMU. The area provides high quality spring elk calving habitat. Cliff dwelling raptors have historically nested in this FMU as well. Eastern portions provide winter range for big game animals. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Flat Tops 1 FMU. The peregrine falcon is formally listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an endangered species. Peregrine falcon nesting habitat exists across the FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. Valuable marten habitat is present on the Flat Tops 1 FMU. The FMU also contains valuable northern goshawk habitat. The northern goshawk is a Region 2 sensitive species. The Colorado River cutthroat trout is also a sensitive species and exists in many streams on the FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Flat Tops 1 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and lake trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Flat Tops 1 FMU contains 38,870 acres of the Flat Tops Wilderness Area; the remainder of the Flat Tops Wilderness Area is administered by the White River National Forest. Guidance for fire management in these areas is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Flat Tops 1 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Flat Tops 1 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. Page 150 of 254

157 o The following campgrounds and/or Administrative Sites exist in very close proximity to the Flat Tops 1 FMU. Bear Lake Campground Cold Springs Campground Horseshoe Campground Vaughn Lake Campground Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) in Flat Tops 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of wildland urban interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest o Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Bear River The following WUI areas are located on private land in Rio Blanco County. Pyramid Electronic Sites o The Flat Tops 1 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document Flat Tops 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Flat Tops 1 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 201-Craig Forecast Area o 203- Grand Junction Forecast Area The climatic condition of the Flat Tops FMU1 has a dominant southwest flow which promotes orographic lifting of air masses up and over the Flat Tops Mountains. This strong orographic lifting encourages cloud formation and often produces the first vertical cloud development during the warmer months. Precipitation and storm formation from this development often distributes moisture evenly over the management unit. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide. Page 151 of 254

158 9.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Flat Tops 2 Fire Management Unit Flat Tops 2 FMU Snap Shot Flat Tops 2 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Yampa Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Flat Tops 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Page 152 of 254

159 Communities Within or Near the Flat Tops 2 FMU Community County State Yampa Routt CO Oak Creek Routt CO Phippsburg Routt CO Counties Contained in the Flat Tops 2 FMU Routt Rio Blanco Moffat Garfield County CO CO CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Porcupine Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Flat Tops 2 FMU. However, Dry Lake RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Porcupine Creek USFS Station Number Dry Lake USFS Willow Creek USFS Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 32' 06" ' 51" 40 21' 06" ' 55" 3235D2C2 3235E F42E 8900 ft ft 9720 ft Flat Tops 2 FMU Guidance The Flat Tops 2 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Flat Tops 2 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Flat Tops 2FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. Due to management priorities, proximity to Wildland Urban Interface, wildlife habitat concerns, and other considerations a suppression oriented response will typically be used in this FMU Flat Tops 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Page 153 of 254

160 Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Flat Tops 2 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Many areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Flat Tops 2 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Forest Service as part of the Yampa Ranger District and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 4.2, 4.3, 5.11, 5.12, and 5.41 located south of U.S. Highway 40 and west of Colorado State Highway 131. Elevation Range o xxxxx ft. to xxxxx ft. Topography o The Flat Tops 2 FMU has a wide range of topographical features. In general the area is characterized by rolling foothills transitioning into a steep mountain range formed by basalt lava flows. The unique characteristic of the flat tops area is relatively flat to rolling terrain found at higher elevations. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the northeast of the Flat Tops 2 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Yampa Phippsburg Oak Creek Steamboat Hayden Craig Meeker Soils o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Flat Tops 2 FMU. Rock and rubble are plentiful in the Flat tops 2 FMU Page 154 of 254

161 Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Flat Tops 2 FMU. Spruce/fir make up much of the area. Especially in the middle to high elevations. Aspen is also quite prominent in this area, mainly in the middle to low elevations. Grass, forbs, and shrubs cover approximately 15-20% of the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Flat Tops 2 FMU. The area provides high quality spring elk calving habitat. Cliff dwelling raptors have historically nested in this FMU as well. Eastern portions provide winter range for big game animals. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Flat Tops 2 FMU. The peregrine falcon is formally listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an endangered species. Peregrine falcon nesting habitat exists across the FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. Valuable marten habitat is present on the Flat Tops 2 FMU. The FMU also contains valuable northern goshawk habitat. The northern goshawk is a Region 2 sensitive species. The Colorado River cutthroat trout is also a sensitive species and exists in many streams on the FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (pages 3-68 to 3-73 and 3-83 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87 and 3-220) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Flat Tops 2 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and lake trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Flat Tops 2 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Flat Tops 2 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Flat Tops 2 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. o The following campgrounds and/or Administrative Sites exist in very close proximity to the Flat Tops 2 FMU. Management of unplanned ignitions in these areas may favor direct or perimeter control strategies. Bear Lake Campground Page 155 of 254

162 Cold Springs Campground Horseshoe Campground Vaughn Lake Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Flat Tops 2 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest o Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Five Pine Dunckley The following WUI areas are located on private land in Garfield County. Crosho Electronic Sites o The Flat Tops 2 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Dunckley Repeater (USFS) Flat Tops 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Flat Tops 1 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 201-Craig Forecast Area o 203- Grand Junction Forecast Area The climatic condition of the Flat Tops FMU1 has a dominant southwest flow which promotes orographic lifting of air masses up and over the Flat Tops Mountains. This strong orographic lifting encourages cloud formation and often produces the first vertical cloud development during the warmer months. Precipitation and storm formation from this development often distributes moisture evenly over the management unit. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide Page 156 of 254

163 CHAPTER 10. GORE PASS FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Gore Pass FMPA includes two different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated based on differences in management emphases concerning wildland fire. Page 157 of 254

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167 10.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Gore Pass 1 Fire Management Unit Gore Pass 1 FMU Snap Shot Gore Pass 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Yampa Ranger District Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Gore Pass 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Page 161 of 254

168 Communities Within or Near the Gore Pass 1 FMU Community County State Yampa Routt CO Kremmling Grand CO Oak Creek Routt CO Phippsburg Routt CO Counties Contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU Routt Grand County CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Porcupine Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Gore Pass 1 FMU. However, the Gunsight RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Porcupine Creek USFS Gunsight BLM Willow Creek USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 12' 33" ' 45" 40 21' 06" ' 55" 3235D2C2 325FC2D4 3235F42E 8900 ft ft 9720 ft Gore Pass 1 FMU Guidance The Gore Pass 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Gore Pass 1 FMU direct that perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Gore Pass 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Page 162 of 254

169 Hazards that exist in the Gore Pass 1 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Gore Pass 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 1.11, 1.12, 1.32, and 1.5 located south and west of U.S. Highway 40 and east of Colorado State Highway 131. Topography o The Routt FEIS (page and 3-222) provides the following information concerning the topography of lands contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU: The Gore Pass 1 FMU contains the Sarvis Creek Wilderness Area, which is characterized by broad slopes below timberline. The area is dissected by three major tributaries of the Yampa River; Harrison Creek, Service Creek, and Silver Creek. The southern end of the Gore Pass FMU contains the Lower Rock Creek drainage whichis fairly steep. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the north of the Gore Pass 1 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Yampa Phippsburg Oak Creek Steamboat Kremmling Soils o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 and 3-93) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Gore Pass 1 FMU. Occurrence of rock and rubble are low in the Gore Pass 1 FMU Biological Vegetation Page 163 of 254

170 o o Fire Management Plan 2013 Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 and 3-93) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU. Vegetative patterns are characterized by large areas of conifer interspersed with relatively large areas of grass, forbs, or shrubs. Lodgepole pine dominates much of the FMU. Aspen is present on the FMU, but not in any large numbers. Minor amounts of spruce/fir also exist on the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 and 3-93) and the Routt FEIS (pages and 3-222) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU. Big game species in the FMU include elk, deer, and black bear. The Lower Rock Creek drainage in the southern portion of the FMU borders deer and elk winter range. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 and 3-93) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU. The peregrine falcon is formally listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an endangered species. Peregrine falcon nesting habitat exists within the FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. This area has great potential for marten habitat. The Colorado River cutthroat trout is also a sensitive species and exists in many streams on the FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 and 3-93) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87 and 3-220) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Gore Pass 1 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and lake trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Gore Pass 1 FMU contains the Sarvis Creek Wilderness Area. Guidance for fire management in this area is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Gore Pass 1 FMU contains the 12,400 acre Silver Creek RNA. This RNA is designated as Management Area 2.2 in the Routt LRMP and is included in the Sarvis Creek Wilderness Area Table (b)of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for RNAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. The Routt FEIS (page 3-173) explains that, in areas designated as RNAs natural fires should be allowed to burn (except where there is a threat to life or property outside the RNA, or where the fire threatens values for which the RNA was proposed), ground disturbance should be minimized, and natural barriers should be used when possible to confine or contain fire. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Gore Pass 1 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites Page 164 of 254

171 o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas if developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Gore Lakes 1 FMU. Lynx Pass Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Gore Pass 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest o Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Stagecoach The following WUI areas are located on private land in Grand County. Red Dirt Electronic Sites o The Gore Pass 1FMU contains or is in very close proximity to the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Walton Peak Communication Site Gore Pass 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Gore Pass 1 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 201-Craig Forecast Area o 203- Grand Junction Forecast Area Page 165 of 254

172 10.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Gore Pass 2 Fire Management Unit Gore Pass 2 FMU Snap Shot Gore Pass 2 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Yampa Ranger District Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Gore Pass 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Page 166 of 254

173 Communities Within or Near the Gore Pass 2 FMU Community County State Yampa Routt CO Kremmling Grand CO Oak Creek Routt CO Phippsburg Routt CO Counties Contained in the Gore Pass 2 FMU Routt Grand County CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Porcupine Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Gore Pass 2 FMU. However, the Gunsight RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Porcupine Creek USFS Gunsight BLM Willow Creek USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 12' 33" ' 45" 40 21' 06" ' 55" 3235D2C2 325FC2D4 3235F42E 8900 ft ft 9720 ft Gore Pass 2 FMU Guidance The Gore Pass 2 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Gore Pass 2 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Gore Pass 2 FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions on lands designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 4.2, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.41, and Direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions on lands designated as Management Areas 2.1, 4.3 and 7.1 by the Routt LRMP. Page 167 of 254

174 Gore Pass 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Gore Pass 2 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Gore Pass 2 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 2.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.41, 7.1, and 8.22 located south and west of U.S. Highway 40 and east of Colorado State Highway 131. Elevation Range o xxxxx ft. to xxxxx ft. Topography o The Routt FEIS (page and 3-222) provides the following information concerning the topography of lands contained in the Gore Pass 1 FMU. The Gore Pass 2 FMU is characterized by broad slopes below timberline. Many drainages exist in the FMU and vary in size and slope. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the north of the Gore Pass 2 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Yampa Phippsburg Oak Creek Steamboat Kremmling Soils o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 to 3-90) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Gore Pass 2 FMU. Page 168 of 254

175 Occurrence of rock and rubble are low in the Gore Pass 2 FMU. The Routt FMP does not provide much information concerning soils Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 to 3-90) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Gore Pass 2 FMU. o Vegetative patterns across the majority of the Gore Pass 2 FMU are characterized by large areas of conifer interspersed with relatively large areas of grass, forbs, or shrubs. Lodgepole pine dominates much of the FMU. Spruce/fir are also present in many areas. Aspen is present on the FMU, but not in any large numbers. Minor amounts of spruce/fir also exist on the FMU. o Vegetation in the Green Ridge area in the western portion of the FMU is largely composed of spruce/fir with some aspen as well. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages and 3-222) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Gore Pass 2 FMU. Big game species in the FMU include elk, deer, and black bear. Lower elevations provide winter range for deer and elk. Sand hill crane nesting habitat is present in the Morrison Creek area. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Gore Pass 2 FMU. Goshawk habitat is present in this area, they are a Region 2 sensitive species. The peregrine falcon is formally listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as an endangered species. Peregrine falcon nesting habitat exists within the FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. Valuable marten habitat exists in this FMU. The Colorado River cutthroat trout is also a sensitive species and exists in many streams on the FMU. A conservation population of Colorado River cutthroat trout are present in the eastern portions of the FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 to 3-90) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87 and 3-220) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Gore Pass 2 FMU. Introduced (non-native) fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, brown trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and lake trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Gore Pass 2 does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Gore Pass 2 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) Page 169 of 254

176 o The Gore Pass 1 FMU contains 1 SIA. This area is designated as Management Area 2.1 and management of unplanned ignitions in the area will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (b) of this document. Windy Ridge SIA This area is proposed for designation for its prehistoric values. It is located in the central part of the Forest, about 30 miles southeast of Steamboat Springs. The Windy Ridge Quartzite Quarry Area is a cultural resource that encompasses more than one mile square mile. The area has been the site of intense stone tool procurement and manufacture since prehistoric times. A thick vein or band of quartzite is exposed or lightly covered along the highest point of an area known locally as Windy Ridge. The mineral is similar to chert or flint and was used by Native Americans for the manufacture of stone tools. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas of developed recreation or Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Gore Pass 2 FMU. Blacktail Creek Campground Dumont Lake Campground Gore Pass Campgound Lagunita Lake Lynx Pass Campground Meadows Campground Walton Creek Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Gore Pass 2 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. South Steamboat Front Stagecoach The following WUI areas are located on private land in Grand County. East Gore Lake Agnes Red Dirt Electronic Sites o The Gore Pass 2FMU contains or is in very close proximity to the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Walton Peak Communication Site Green Ridge Communication Site Utility Corridor Runs east to west in the southern portion of the FMU Gore Pass 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior Page 170 of 254

177 The majority of the Gore Pass 2 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 201-Craig Forecast Area o 203- Grand Junction Forecast Area Page 171 of 254

178 CHAPTER 11. TROUBLESOME FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Troublesome FMPA includes four different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated geographically and based on differences in management emphases concerning wildland fire. Page 172 of 254

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182 11.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Troublesome 1 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 1 FMU Snap Shot Troublesome 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Troublesome 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin: (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Page 176 of 254

183 Communities Within or Near the Troublesome 1 FMU Community County State Rand Jackson CO Kremmling Grand CO Gould Jackson CO Counties Contained in the Troublesome 1 FMU Jackson Grand County CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Willow Creek RAWS is the closest to the majority of the FMU and will likely report conditions most representative of the Troublesome 1 FMU. However, the Gunsight RAWS and Porcupine Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Willow Creek USFS Porcupine Creek USFS Gunsight BLM Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 21' 06" ' 55" 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 12' 33" ' 45" 3235F42E 3235D2C2 325FC2D ft ft ft Troublesome 1 FMU Guidance The Troublesome 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Troublesome 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Troublesome 1 FMU direct that perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Troublesome 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Troublesome 1 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Radio dead spots may exist in portions of the FMU. Page 177 of 254

184 o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Troublesome 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 1.32 and located east of Colorado State Highway 14 and U.S. Highway 40 and west of Colorado State Highway 125. Topography o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide information concerning the topography of lands contained in the Troublesome 1 FMU. o The Troublesome 1 FMU contains portions of the Rabbit Ears Range which ranges from gentle rolling hills to steep and rocky peaks above treeline. The Arapahoe Ridge is a prominent landform bisecting the northern portion of this FMU. Hyannis Peak, Haystack Mountain, and Sheep Mountain are three of the more prominent mountains in the area. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the northwest of the Troublesome 1 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Rand Gould Kremmling Soils o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-75 and 3-93) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Troublesome 1 FMU. Unstable soils exist in many areas on this FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-35, and 3-41) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 1 FMU. o Vegetative patterns are characterized by large areas of conifer interspersed with relatively large areas of grass, forbs, or shrubs. Lodgepole pine dominates much of the FMU. Spruce/fir is present on the FMU, though not as prevalent as lodgepole pine. Aspen is present on the FMU, but not in any large numbers. Page 178 of 254

185 Grass forbs and shrubs are also common in large open areas and at lower elevations on the FMU. A large amount of riparian habitat is present within this FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-35, and 3-41) and the Routt FEIS (pages and 3-222) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 1 FMU. Lower elevations provide big game winter range. Moose are found in much of the FMU. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o The Routt LRMP does not provide any information regarding threatened/endangered/sensitive species in this FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP does not provide any information regarding the fisheries in this FMU Resources Wilderness Areas o The Troublesome 1 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Troublesome 1 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Troublesome 1 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Troublesome 1 FMU does not contain and is not in close proximity to any areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites. Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Troublesome 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest o Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Grand County. Troublesome Electronic Sites o The Troublesome 1FMU contains or is in very close proximity to the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Rabbit Ears Communication Site Troublesome 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Troublesome 1 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the Page 179 of 254

186 FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 213 o 218 Page 180 of 254

187 11.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Troublesome 2 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 2 FMU Snap Shot Troublesome 2 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Troublesome 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Page 181 of 254

188 Communities Within or Near the Troublesome 2 FMU Community County State Rand Jackson CO Kremmling Grand CO Gould Jackson CO Counties Contained in the Troublesome 2 FMU Jackson Grand County CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Willow Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Troublesome 2 FMU. However, the Gunsight RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Willow Creek USFS Porcupine Creek USFS Gunsight BLM Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 21' 06" ' 55" 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 12' 33" ' 45" 3235F42E 3235D2C2 325FC2D ft ft ft Troublesome 2 FMU Guidance The Troublesome 2 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Troublesome 2 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Troublesome 2 FMU direct that perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Troublesome 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Troublesome 2 FMU: o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Mine Shafts Page 182 of 254

189 o o Fire Management Plan 2013 Areas of steep and rocky terrain Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Troublesome 2 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 1.11, 1.12, 1.32, and 3.31 located south of Colorado State Highway 14 and east of Colorado State Highway 125. Topography o The Routt FEIS (page and 3-222) provides the following information concerning the topography of lands contained in the Troublesome 2 FMU: The Troublesome 2 FMU contains the Never Summer Wilderness Area, which is mostly land above timberline, with alpine meadows and tundra along the high ridges and peaks. The highest elevation in the FMU is 12,810 ft. with seventeen peaks over 12,000 ft. in elevation. Air Quality The following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Kremmling Rand Gould Soils o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-27) describes the following issues concerning soils in the Troublesome 2 FMU. Occurrence of rock and rubble are high in the Troublesome 2 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-27) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 2 FMU. o Vegetative patterns are characterized by large areas of conifer interspersed with relatively large areas of grass, forbs, or shrubs. Lodgepole pine and spruce fir cover the majority of the FMU. Wildlife Habitats Page 183 of 254

190 o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-27) and the Routt FEIS (pages and 3-222) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 2 FMU. Big game species in the FMU include elk, deer, and moose. Otter may be found in the area. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-27) and the Routt FEIS (page 3-220) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 2 FMU. Goshawks are present on the FMU and are considered a Region 2 sensitive species. The Colorado River cutthroat trout is also a sensitive species and exists in streams and lakes on the FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (page 3-27) and the Routt FEIS (page 3-220) provides the following information pertaining to fisheries on the Troublesome 2 FMU. o Fish species in this FMU include: Colorado River cutthroat trout, brook trout, cutthroat trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Troublesome 2 FMU contains the Never Summer Wilderness Area. Guidance for fire management in this area is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Troublesome 2 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Troublesome 2 FMU borders the Teller City SIA. This SIA is designated as Management Area 2.1 in the Routt LRMP. The Teller SIA is designated for its historical values. Teller City was a silver mining town located in western North Park, Colorado. It was developed during the silver industry boom in the late 1870s and popped up almost overnight to support the influx of miners looking to make their fortune. In 1884, the town went bust when the bottom dropped out of the silver market. Teller City is the largest and best-known heritage site in the area. Table (b)of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for SIAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. The Routt FEIS (page 3-173) explains that, in areas designated as RNAs natural fires should be allowed to burn (except where there is a threat to life or property outside the RNA, or where the fire threatens values for which the RNA was proposed), ground disturbance should be minimized, and natural barriers should be used when possible to confine or contain fire. USFS Administrative Sites o The Troublesome 2 FMU does not contain and is not in close proximity to any areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites. Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Troublesome 2 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. Page 184 of 254

191 o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Jackson County. Gould Electronic Sites o The Troublesome 2 FMU does not contain and is not in close proximity to any areas designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Area 8.3 (Electronic Sites) Troublesome 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Troublesome 2 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Troublesome 2 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 213 o 218 Page 185 of 254

192 11.3 Fire Management Considerations for the Troublesome 3 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 3 FMU Snap Shot Troublesome 3 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Troublesome 3 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Page 186 of 254

193 Communities Within or Near the Troublesome 3 FMU Community County State Rand Jackson CO Kremmling Grand CO Gould Jackson CO Counties Contained in the Troublesome 3 FMU Jackson Grand County CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Willow Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Troublesome 3 FMU. However, the Gunsight RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Willow Creek USFS Porcupine Creek USFS Gunsight BLM Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 21' 06" ' 55" 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 12' 33" ' 45" 3235F42E 3235D2C2 325FC2D ft ft ft Troublesome 3 FMU Guidance The Troublesome 3 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Troublesome 3 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Troublesome 3 FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Troublesome 3 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Troublesome 3 FMU: o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Page 187 of 254

194 Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Troublesome 3 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 5.13 and 5.41 located south of Colorado State Highway 14 and east of Colorado State Highway 125. Topography Topography on the Troublesome 3 FMU ranges from gentle to somewhat steep. Air Quality The following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Kremmling Rand Gould Soils The Routt LRMP does not provide any information concerning soils in the Troublesome 3 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-26) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 3 FMU. Lodgepole pine makes up the majority of the vegetation on the FMU. Lodgepole exist in especially dense stands in this FMU. Spruce/fir is also quite prevalent in this area. Minor amounts of aspen can be found in this FMU. Open areas consist of grass, forbs, and shrubs. These plants are more numerous here than in some of the surrounding areas. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-26) and the Routt FEIS (pages and 3-222) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 3 FMU. Big game species in the FMU include elk, deer, and moose. The eastern and southern portions of the FMU contain big game winter range. Amphibian breeding habitat is also present in many areas of this FMU. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species Page 188 of 254

195 o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-26) and the Routt FEIS (page 3-220) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 3 FMU. A bald eagle migration route exists in this FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP does not provide any information concerning fisheries in the Troublesome 3 FMU Resources Wilderness Areas o The Troublesome 3 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Troublesome 3 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Troublesome 3 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Troublesome 3 FMU does not contain and is not in close proximity to any areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites. Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Troublesome 3 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Grand County. Troublesome Electronic Sites o The Troublesome 3 FMU contains the following areas designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Area 8.3 (Electronic Sites). Grouse Mountain Communication Site Troublesome 3 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Troublesome 3 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Troublesome 3 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 213 o 218 Page 189 of 254

196 11.4 Fire Management Considerations for the Troublesome 4 Fire Management Unit Troublesome 4 FMU Snap Shot Troublesome 4 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Troublesome 4 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Page 190 of 254

197 Communities Within or Near the Troublesome 4 FMU Community County State Rand Jackson CO Kremmling Grand CO Gould Jackson CO Counties Contained in the Troublesome 4 FMU Jackson Grand County CO CO State Fire Management Plan NFDRS Weather Stations Willow Creek RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Troublesome 4 FMU. However, the Gunsight RAWS and Willow Creek RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Willow Creek USFS Porcupine Creek USFS Gunsight BLM Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 21' 06" ' 55" 40 05' 52" ' 47" 40 12' 33" ' 45" 3235F42E 3235D2C2 325FC2D ft ft ft Troublesome 4 FMU Guidance The Troublesome 4 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Troublesome 4 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Troublesome 4 FMU direct that direct and perimeter control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 2.1 (Special Interest Area). The Routt LRMP (page 2-21) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas; direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Troublesome 4 FMU Characteristics Safety Page 191 of 254

198 Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Troublesome 4 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land within and in close proximity to the FMU o Some roads in poor conditions o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Troublesome 4 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 4.3, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13 and 5.41 located south of Colorado State Highway 14 and not included in the previously defined Troublesome 3 FMU. Topography Topography on the Troublesome 4 FMU ranges from gentle to somewhat steep. Large open areas exist in some areas. Air Quality o The following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Walden Kremmling Rand Gould Soils Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-12, 3-26, ) provides the following information pertaining to soils in the Geographic Areas that are contained in the Troublesome 4 FMU. Unstable soils may be present in some areas on the FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-12, 3-26, ) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 4 FMU. Lodgepole pine makes up the majority of the vegetation on the FMU. Lodgepole pine exists in especially dense stands in this FMU. Spruce/fir is also quite prevalent in this area. Minor amounts of aspen can be found in this FMU. Page 192 of 254

199 Open areas consist of grass, forbs, and shrubs. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-12, 3-26, ) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 4 FMU. Big game species in the FMU include elk, deer, and moose. Lower elevations on the FMU contain big game winter range. Elk calving habitat is present in much of the FMU. Amphibian breeding habitat is also present in many areas of this FMU. Otter may be present in some of the streams in the FMU. Productive raptor habitat can be found in some areas of the FMU. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-12, 3-26, ) and the Routt FEIS (page 3-220) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Troublesome 3 FMU. A bald eagle migration route exists in this FMU. Goshawks, a Region 2 sensitive species are present throughout the FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (pages 3-7, 3-12, 3-26, ) provides the following information concerning fisheries in the Troublesome 4 FMU. Colorado River cutthroat trout can be found in many lakes and stream across the FMU Resources Wilderness Areas o The Troublesome 4 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Troublesome 4 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Troublesome 4 FMU contains the Teller City SIA. This SIA is designated as Management Area 2.1 in the Routt LRMP. The Teller SIA is designated for its historical values. Teller City was a silver mining town located in western North Park, Colorado. It was developed during the silver industry boom in the late 1870s and popped up almost overnight to support the influx of miners looking to make their fortune. In 1884, the town went bust when the bottom dropped out of the silver market. Teller City is the largest and best-known heritage site in the area. Table (b)of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for SIAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. The Routt FEIS (page 3-173) explains that, in areas designated as RNAs natural fires should be allowed to burn (except where there is a threat to life or property outside the RNA, or where the fire threatens values for which the RNA was proposed), ground disturbance should be minimized, and natural barriers should be used when possible to confine or contain fire. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. Page 193 of 254

200 The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Troublesome 4 FMU. Aspen Campground Pines Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Troublesome 4 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest o Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Grand County. Troublesome Electronic Sites o The Troublesome 4 FMU contains the following areas designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Area 8.3 (Electronic Sites). Rabbit Ears Communication Site Troublesome 4 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Troublesome 4 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Troublesome 4 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 213 o 218 Page 194 of 254

201 CHAPTER 12. CAMP CREEK FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA Due to its smaller size, the Camp Creek FMPA is not further divided. Thus, the Camp Creek FMPA comprises the Camp Creek 1 FMU. Different control strategies are described for this area in the Routt LRMP. Page 195 of 254

202 12.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Camp Creek 1 Fire Management Unit Camp Creek 1 FMU Snap Shot Camp Creek 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Camp Creek 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-621 Saratoga, WY Tyler Christen (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-651 Laramie, WY Jerod DeLay (307) Type 6 Engine WY-MBF-652 Laramie, WY Brandon Bonenberger (307) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO Page 196 of 254

203 o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Communities Within or Near the Camp Creek 1 FMU Community County State Wycolo/Mountain Home Albany WY Counties Contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU County State Jackson CO NFDRS Weather Stations Sawmill Park RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Camp Creek 1 FMU. However, the Independence Mtn. RAWS and Redfeather RAWS may be used to provide supporting weather information. Station Name & Owner Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation Sawmill Park USFS ' 29" ' 55" AA 9055 ft. Independence Mtn. BLM ' 49" ' 51" 325B02F ft. Redfeather USFS ' 53" ' 20" D ft Camp Creek 1 FMU Guidance The Camp Creek 1 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Areas in this FMU have a variety of direction in regards to the management of unplanned ignitions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 5.13 and 5.41.The Routt LRMP (pages 2-46 and 2-48) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 2.1. The Routt LRMP (pages 2-21) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 1.13 and 1.5. The Routt LRMP (pages 2-11 and 2-17) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, perimeter and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. Page 197 of 254

204 Camp Creek 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Camp Creek 1 FMU: o Mine Shafts o Private land within and in close proximity to the FMU o Some roads in poor conditions o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Camp Creek 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest south of the Wyoming/Colorado Stateline, north of Colorado State Highway 14 and east of Colorado State Highway 125. Elevation Range o xxxxx ft. to xxxxx ft. Topography Topography on the Camp Creek 1 FMU ranges from gentle to somewhat steep. Near the Platte River corridor the topography consists of the main canyon with many side steep side drainages running perpendicular to the river. Air Quality The following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Walden Fox Park Wyocolo Soils Routt LRMP (pages 3-29) provides the following information pertaining to soils in the Geographic Areas that are contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU. Unstable soils may be present in some areas on the FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-29) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU. Page 198 of 254

205 Lodgepole pine makes up the majority of the vegetation on the FMU. Spruce/fir is also quite prevalent in this area. Minor amounts of aspen can be found in this FMU. The heavily timbered areas are interspersed with sagebrush parks with minor components of Douglas fir and ponderosa pine. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-29) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU. The FMU provides winter range for deer and elk. Bighorn sheep may be seen in the Platte River canyon. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o The Routt LRMP and the Routt FEIS do not describe any information pertaining to threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that applies to the Geographic Areas contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP (pages 3-29 and 3-30) provides the following information in regards to fisheries contained in the Camp Creek 1 FMU The North Platte River is an important recreational fishery Resources Wilderness Areas o The Camp Creek 1 FMU contains a seven hundred and forty three acre portion of the Platte River Wilderness Areas. Guidance for fire management in this area is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Camp Creek 1 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Camp Creek 1 FMU contains the Camp Creek SIA. This SIA is designated as Management Area 2.1 in the Routt LRMP. The Camp Creek SIA is designated for its geological, botanical, zoological, and historical values. It is located in the northeast portion of the forest, about fifteen miles north of Walden. On the south and west sides of the area are unique, dramatic rock outcroppings. The area supports a highly diverse ecosystem, including old growth Douglas fir, limber pine, and ponderosa pine. Because of the habitat mix, the area can support big horned sheep, elk, and northern goshawk. The willow and aspen communities support a wide variety of Neotropical migratory songbirds, and moose are beginning to enter the area. There is extensive mining activity. Table (b)of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for SIAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. USFS Administrative Sites o The Camp Creek 1 FMU does not contain and is not in close proximity to any areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites. Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Camp Creek 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. Page 199 of 254

206 o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Jackson County, Colorado. Kings Canyon The following WUI areas are located on private land in Albany County, Wyoming. Porter Ranch WyColo-Mountain Home Electronic Sites o The Camp Creek 1 FMU contains the following areas designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Area 8.3 (Electronic Sites). High tension power line located in southeastern portion of the FMU Camp Creek 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Camp Creek 1 FMU is composed of Fuel Models TU5 (Very High Load, Dry Climate Timber-Shrub) and TL3 (Moderate Load Conifer Litter). The primary carriers of fire in these fuel types are timber litter, slash, grasses, shrubs, and mortality fuels. Spread rates in TU3may be high with moderate flame lengths, while spread rates in TL5will tend to be low with low flame lengths. Both spread rates and flame lengths increase substantially in the presence of winds. Winds are common on the Camp Creek 1 FMU. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 213 o 218 Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The rugged terrain and high elevation found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 200 of 254

207 CHAPTER 13. MOUNT ZIRKEL FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Mount Zirkel FMPA includes six different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated based on geographic differences and variations in management emphases concerning wildland fire. Page 201 of 254

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212 13.1 Fire Management Considerations for the Mount Zirkel 1 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Snap Shot Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Page 206 of 254

213 Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Communities Within or Near the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Community County State Steamboat Springs Routt CO Counties Contained in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Routt Jackson Grand County CO CO CO State NFDRS Weather Stations Dry Lake RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. Station Name & Owner Dry Lake USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 32' 06" ' 51" 3235E ft Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Guidance The Mount Zirkel FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Page 207 of 254

214 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Area prescriptions contained within the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU direct that perimeter and prescription control strategies will be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 1.32 and 3.31 located north of U.S. Highway 40 and south of U.S. Forest Service Road 60. Topography o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the topography of this FMU. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is located to the north of the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Steamboat Springs Kremmling Clark Soils Page 208 of 254

215 o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the soils on the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-54) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. Spruce/fir are the predominant species on the FMU. Aspen exists in fairly high numbers on this FMU. Lodgepole pine is also present. Willows and other vegetation may exist in riparian areas. Ferns are also present throughout the area. Natural ribbon forests exist on the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-54 to 3-57) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. Big game species in and around the FMU include elk and deer. The eastern edge of the FMU borders land designated as Management Area 5.41 (Deer and Elk Winter Range). Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-54 to 3-57) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. This area has valuable marten habitat. Goshawk habitat is also present on this FMU. Goshawks are a Region 2 sensitive species. Fisheries o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the fisheries in this FMU Resources Wilderness Areas o The Mount Zirkel 1 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Mount Zirkel 1 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Mount Zirkel 1 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. Ferndale Picnic Area Meadows Campground Walton Creek Campground Granite Campground Page 209 of 254

216 Hidden Lakes Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Mount Zirkel 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Steamboat Front South Steamboat Front The following WUI areas are located on private land in Jackson County. Grizzly Ski Areas o The Steamboat Ski Area is adjacent to the northwest portion of this FMU. The Routt LRMP designates this land as Management Area 8.22 (Ski-based Resorts, Existing and Potential) and provides the following direction for fire management: Standards 1. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce fire intensity levels within three years after management activities cease. 2. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy in this area. Electronic Sites o The Mount Zirkel 2 contains or is in very close proximity to the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Mount Werner Communication Site Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 218 o 211 Climactic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically Page 210 of 254

217 drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The high elevations found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 211 of 254

218 13.2 Fire Management Considerations for the Mount Zirkel 2 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Snap Shot Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Page 212 of 254

219 Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin: (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Communities Within or Near the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Community County State Steamboat Springs Routt CO Walden Jackson CO Cowdrey Jackson CO Clark Routt CO Counties Contained in the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Routt Jackson County CO CO State NFDRS Weather Stations Dry Lake RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU. Station Name & Owner Dry Lake USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 32' 06" ' 51" 3235E ft Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Guidance The Mount Zirkel 2 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Page 213 of 254

220 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Areas in this FMU have a variety of direction in regards to the management of unplanned ignitions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 2.1. The Routt LRMP (page 2-21) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. The Encampment River Special Interest Area is included in this FMU. It is designated for its historical value, thus, fire management in areas near historical assets may favor a direct or perimeter control strategy. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.32, 2.2 and The Routt LRMP (pages 2-4 to 2-18, and 2-22) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, perimeter and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Mount Zirkel 1 FMU Boundaries o Areas included in this FMU are: Page 214 of 254

221 Land managed by the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Areas 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.32, 2.1, 2.2 and 3.31 located north of U.S. Forest Service Road 60, east of U.S. Forest Service Road 129, and west of Colorado State Highway 14. Topography o The Routt FEIS (page 3-221) provides the following information regarding topography in the Mt. Zirkel 2 FMU. The headwaters of the Elk, Encampment, and North Platte Rivers are contained in the FMU. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed is included in this FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Steamboat Springs, CO Walden, CO Cowdrey, CO Clark, CO Soils o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the soils on the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-17 to 3-22, 3-33, 3-34, 3-51 to 3-58, and 3-64 to 3-66) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU. Spruce/fir are the predominant species on the FMU. Aspen exists in fairly high numbers on this FMU. Lodgepole pine is also present in substantial numbers in many areas of the FMU. Willows and other vegetation may exist in riparian areas. Ferns are also present throughout the area. Natural ribbon forests exist on the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-17 to 3-22, 3-33, 3-34, 3-51 to 3-58, and 3-64 to 3-66) and the Routt FEIS (page 3-221) describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU. Big game species in and around the FMU include elk, deer, black bear, and bighorn sheep. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-54 to 3-57) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 1 FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. This area has valuable marten habitat. Goshawk habitat is also present on this FMU. Goshawks are a Region 2 sensitive species. Peregrine falcons have historically nested in the Red Canyon area. Boreal toads, a Region 2 sensitive species are present on the FMU. The FMU contains wood frogs (Region 2 sensitive species). Also present, are ospreys (Region 2 sensitive species). Page 215 of 254

222 Fisheries o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-17 to 3-22, 3-33, 3-34, 3-51 to 3-58, and 3-64 to 3-66) and the Routt FEIS (page 3-221) describes the following information regarding fisheries that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU. A small section of the Encampment River is contained in the FMU. Many ponds and lakes exist in the FMU. Colorado River cutthroat trout Resources Wilderness Areas o The Mount Zirkel 2 FMU contains the 160,870 acre Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area. Guidance for fire management in these areas is found in FSM 2320 and is summarized in section of this document. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Mount Zirkel 2 FMU contains the Kettle Lakes RNA. This RNA is designated as Management Area 2.2 in the Routt LRMP. Table (b) of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for RNAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Mount Zirkel 2 FMU contains the Encampment River SIA. This SIA is designated as Management Area 2.1 in the Routt LRMP. This area is designated for its historical values. It is located in the northern part of the forest, about 40 miles north of Steamboat Springs One of the first Euro-American commercial uses of the area was development of a timber industry which supplied railroad ties to the Union Pacific Railroad. Tie cutting camps were established along the Encampment River. The remains of these camps, cabins, and other physical manifestations are visible and significant resources. Table (b) of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for SIAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU. Dry Lake Campground Grizzly Creek Campground Seedhouse Campground Summit Lake Campground Teal Lake Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Mount Zirkel 1 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. Page 216 of 254

223 o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Big Red North Steamboat Front Steamboat Front The following WUI areas are located on private land in Jackson County. Big Creek Grizzly Livingston Park. Electronic Sites o The Mount Zirkel 2 FMU does not contain, nor is it in close proximity to any known electronic sites Mount Zirkel 2 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Mount Zirkel 2 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 218 o 211 Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The high elevations found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 217 of 254

224 13.3 Fire Management Considerations for the Mount Zirkel 3 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Snap Shot Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Page 218 of 254

225 Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Felix Valdez: (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Communities Within or Near the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Community County State Steamboat Springs Routt CO Walden Jackson CO Cowdrey Jackson CO Clark Routt CO Counties Contained in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Routt Jackson County CO CO State NFDRS Weather Stations Dry Lake RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU. Station Name & Owner Dry Lake USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 32' 06" ' 51" 3235E ft Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Guidance The Mount Zirkel 3 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Page 219 of 254

226 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. The Management Areas in this FMU have a variety of direction in regards to the management of unplanned ignitions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 4.3, 5.11, 5.13, and The Routt LRMP (page 2-36 to 2-52) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 7.1. The Routt LRMP (page 2-21) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Areas 1.32, 1.5, 3.31, and 3.4. The Routt LRMP (pages 2-4 to 2-18 and 2-25 to 2-32) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, perimeter and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. These areas make up a very small amount of the FMU, and are noncontiguous. Therefore, the opportunities to use perimeter and prescription control strategies may be quite limited due to the value of the resources in close proximity Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Limited to nonexistent road access in most areas of the FMU o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Boundaries Page 220 of 254

227 o This FMU is somewhat difficult to define based on physical features such as roads combined with certain Management Areas from the Routt LRMP. The boundaries for this FMU rely strictly on LRMP Management Area boundaries. Please see the Mount Zirkel FMPA map on page 175 for boundaries of this FMU. Topography o The Routt LRMP does not provide any information regarding the topography of this FMP. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed located just to the east of this FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Steamboat Springs, CO Walden, CO Cowdrey, CO Clark, CO Soils o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the soils on the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (page page 3-51 to 3-57, 3-65, and 3-66)) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU. Spruce/fir are the predominant species on the FMU. Aspen exists in fairly high numbers on this FMU. Lodgepole pine is also present in substantial numbers in many areas of the FMU. Willows and other vegetation may exist in riparian areas. Especially along the Elk River. Highly productive timber sites are present in many areas on the FMU. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-51 to 3-57, 3-65, and 3-66) and describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU. Deer and elk winter range are present in the western portion of the FMU. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-54 to 3-57) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. This area has valuable marten habitat. Goshawk habitat is also present on this FMU. Goshawks are a Region 2 sensitive species. Colorado River cutthroat trout are present in this FMU and are a Region 2 sensitive species. Fisheries o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-51 to 3-57, 3-65, and 3-66) describes the following information regarding fisheries that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU. Colorado River cutthroat trout are present Resources Page 221 of 254

228 Wilderness Areas o The Mount Zirkel 3 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Fire Management Plan 2013 Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Mount Zirkel 3 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Mount Zirkel 3 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU. Dry Lake Campground Hinman Campground Seedhouse Campground Steamboat Lake Recreation Area Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Mount Zirkel 3 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest o Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Big Red Hahns Peak North Steamboat Front Seedhouse Steamboat Front Electronic Sites o The Mount Zirkel 3 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Farwell Communication Site Mount Zirkel 3 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Mount Zirkel 3 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the Page 222 of 254

229 FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 218 o 211 Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The high elevations found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 223 of 254

230 13.4 Fire Management Considerations for the Mount Zirkel 4 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Snap Shot Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Page 224 of 254

231 Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Communities Within or Near the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Community County State Steamboat Springs Routt CO Walden Jackson CO Cowdrey Jackson CO Clark Routt CO Counties Contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Routt Jackson County CO CO State NFDRS Weather Stations Dry Lake RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Station Name & Owner Dry Lake USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 32' 06" ' 51" 3235E ft Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Guidance The Mount Zirkel 4 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Page 225 of 254

232 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 4.3, 5.11, 5.13, and The Routt LRMP (page 2-36 to 2-52) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o There is also a small portion of land designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Area 7.1 (Residential/Forest Interface). The Routt LRMP provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Boundaries o This FMU is somewhat difficult to define based on physical features such as roads combined with certain Management Areas from the Routt LRMP. The boundaries for this FMU rely strictly on LRMP Management Area boundaries. Please see the Mount Zirkel FMPA map on page 175 for boundaries of this FMU. Topography o The Routt LRMP does not provide any information regarding the topography of this FMP. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed located just to the north of this FMU. Page 226 of 254

233 o Fire Management Plan 2013 Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Steamboat Springs, CO Walden, CO Cowdrey, CO Clark, CO Soils o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the soils on the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-20 to 3-22 and 3-51 to 3-57) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Spruce/fir are the predominant species on the FMU. Aspen exists in fairly high numbers on this FMU. Lodgepole pine is also present in substantial numbers in many areas of the FMU. Willows and other vegetation may exist in riparian areas. Wildlife Habitats o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-20 to 3-22 and 3-51 to 3-57) and describes the following wildlife habitats that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Deer and elk winter range are present in the western portion of the FMU. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (pages 3-54 to 3-57) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. This area has valuable marten habitat. Goshawk habitat is also present on this FMU. Goshawks are a Region 2 sensitive species. Fisheries o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-51 to 3-57, 3-65, and 3-66) describes the following information regarding fisheries that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Colorado River cutthroat trout are present Resources Wilderness Areas o The Mount Zirkel 4 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Mount Zirkel 4 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o The Mount Zirkel 4 FMU does not contain any SIAs. USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. Page 227 of 254

234 The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Dry Lake Campground Dumont Lake Campground Granite Campground Grizzly Campground Hidden Lakes Campground Meadows Campground Summit Lake Campground Teal Lake Campground Walton Creek Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Mount Zirkel 4 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Grizzly South Steamboat Front Steamboat Front Ski Areas o The Steamboat Ski Area is located in the western portion of this FMU. The Routt LRMP designates this land as Management Area 8.22 (Ski-based Resorts, Existing and Potential) and provides the following direction for fire management: Standards 3. To allow direct attack, treat management activity fuels to reduce fire intensity levels within three years after management activities cease. 4. Use direct control or perimeter control as the wildland fire management strategy in this area. Electronic Sites o The Mount Zirkel 4 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Mt. Werner Communication Site Walton Peak Communication Site Mount Zirkel 4 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Page 228 of 254

235 Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 218 o 211 Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The high elevations found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 229 of 254

236 13.5 Fire Management Considerations for the Mount Zirkel 5 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Snap Shot Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Page 230 of 254

237 Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Hahns Peak/Bears Ears Ranger District Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Yampa Ranger District AFMO o Sam Duerksen: (970) Communities Within or Near the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Community County State Clark Routt CO Counties Contained in the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Routt Jackson County CO CO State NFDRS Weather Stations Dry Lake RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU. Station Name & Owner Dry Lake USFS Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 32' 06" ' 51" 3235E ft Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Guidance The Mount Zirkel 4 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Page 231 of 254

238 1 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 3.23, 4.3, 5.11, 5.13, and The Routt LRMP (page 2-36 to 2-52) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions. o This FMU contains land designated in the Routt LRMP as Management Area 7.1 (Residential/Forest Interface) and 2.1 (Special Interest Area). The Routt LRMP provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas direct, perimeter, and prescription control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Boundaries o This FMU is somewhat difficult to define based on physical features such as roads combined with certain Management Areas from the Routt LRMP. The boundaries for this FMU rely strictly on LRMP Management Area boundaries. Please see the Mount Zirkel FMPA map on page 175 for boundaries of this FMU. Topography o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-49,3-50, and 3-58 to 3-60) describes the following topographical features found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU. Hahns Peak is located in the FMU. Page 232 of 254

239 The Little Snake River forms a steep and inaccessible canyon. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed located just to the east and southeast of this FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Steamboat Springs, CO Walden, CO Cowdrey, CO Clark, CO Soils o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the soils on the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-49,3-50, and 3-58 to 3-60) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU. Aspen is the predominant species on the FMU. Spruce/fir exists in fairly high numbers on this FMU. Lodgepole pine is also present in substantial numbers in many areas of the FMU. Willows and other vegetation may exist in riparian areas. The Little Snake Special Interest Area represents an ecosystem of ponderosa pine which is limited on the forest. Wildlife Habitats o The Routt LRMP does not provide information concerning wildlife habitats in this FMU. However, as is true of most of the Forest deer and elk use the area during different times of the year. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-49,3-50, and 3-58 to 3-60) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU. Marten are considered to be a sensitive species in Region 2. This area has valuable marten habitat. Goshawk habitat is also present on this FMU. Goshawks are a Region 2 sensitive species. Colorado River cutthroat trout are a Region 2 sensitive species and are present on the FMU. Fisheries o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-49,3-50, and 3-58 to 3-60) describes the following information regarding fisheries that are found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 4 FMU. Colorado River cutthroat trout are present Resources Wilderness Areas o The Mount Zirkel 5 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Mount Zirkel 5 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) Page 233 of 254

240 o T he Mount Zirkel 5 FMU contains the Little Snake River SIA. This SIA is designated as Management Area 2.1 in the Routt LRMP. This area is designated for its botanical values. It is located in the north central part of the forest, about 40 miles north of Steamboat Springs. It contains relic stands of ponderosa pine. Presence of ponderosa pine could indicate unique Forest environmental conditions, which might be supporting other plants and/or animals of interest. Table (b) of this document outlines the Routt LRMP standards and guidelines for SIAs as they apply to fire and fuels management. o USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU. Hahns Peak Lakes Campground Steamboat Lakes State Recreation Area Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Mount Zirkel 5 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Routt County. Hahns Peak King Solomon Big Red Electronic Sites o The Mount Zirkel 5 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Farwell Communication Site Sand Mountain Communication Site Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Mount Zirkel 5 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the Page 234 of 254

241 FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 218 o 211 Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The high elevations found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 235 of 254

242 13.6 Fire Management Considerations for the Mount Zirkel 6 Fire Management Unit Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Snap Shot Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Radio Frequencies Group #9 Fire-Routt Zone East CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 2 Medicine Bow Fire Tac ~ ~ N 3 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 4 Jackson County Fire ~ N 5 VFIRE ~ N 6 Owl Mtn Repeater ~ N 7 Blackhall Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Jelm Mtn Repeater ~ N 10 Grouse Repeater (BLM) ~ N 11 Independence Repeater (BLM) ~ N 12 Blue Ridge Repeater (BLM) ~ N 13 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 9 (CO 05a and 03b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Group #10 Fire- Routt Zone West CH # Site Name RX Freq RX CTCSS TX Freq TX CTCSS Narrow/Wide 1 RCFD Direct ~ N 2 VFIRE ~ N 3 Routt Fire Tac ~ ~ N 4 Green Ridge Repeater ~ N 5 Dunkley Repeater ~ N 6 Farwell Repeater ~ N 7 Sand Mtn Repeater ~ N 8 Rabbit Ears Repeater ~ N 9 Radium Repeater (BLM) ~ N 10 Cedar Mtn Repeater ~ N 11 Sand Peak Repeater ~ N 12 Firetac 7 (BLM) ~ ~ N 13 Air to Ground 31 (CO 02b) ~ ~ N 14 Air to Ground 7 (CO 02a and 05b) ~ ~ N 15 Air to Ground 36 (CO 01a) ~ ~ N 16 Air to Ground 58 (CO 01b) ~ ~ N Page 236 of 254

243 Initial Attack Dispatch Center Craig Interagency Dispatch Center o Administrative Unit Parks Ranger District FS Initial Attack Assets Closest to Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Resource Type Identifier Duty Station Foreman Phone # Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-617 Walden, CO Casey Cheesbrough (970) Type 6 Engine CO-RTF-618 Yampa, CO Lee Nelson (970) Wildland Fire Module Storm Peak WFM Steamboat, CO Lance Broyles (970) Duty Officer Routt Zone FMO o Erick Stahlin (Acting): (970) Parks Ranger District AFMO o Vacant: (970) Communities Within or Near the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Community County State Cowdrey Jackson CO Walden Jackson CO Counties Contained in the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Jackson County CO State NFDRS Weather Stations Dry Lake RAWS is the closest RAWS and will likely report conditions most representative of the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU. Independence Mountain RAWS is also very near the FMU and could provide supporting weather data. Station Name & Owner Dry Lake USFS Independence BLM Station Number Location NESDIS # Elevation 40 32' 06" ' 51" 40 53' 49" ' 51" 3235E B02F ft ft Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Guidance The Mount Zirkel 6 FMU contains the following Management Areas as defined in the Routt LRMP. Page 237 of 254

244 Table 3.3.2: Management Areas Contained in the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Tables [a-g] Define the Standards and Guidelines as outlined in the Routt LRMP for fire and fuels management in each of the Management Areas. o This FMU contains land designated as Management Area 4.3 and The Routt LRMP (page 2-36 to 2-52) provides guidance that explains that, in these Management Areas, direct and perimeter control strategies should be the primary considerations when making fire management decisions Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Characteristics Safety Firefighter and public safety shall remain the first priority in every fire management decision. Hazards that exist in the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU: o Private land in and/or near the FMU o Frequent windy conditions o Areas of steep and rocky terrain o Dead and dying timber The majority of the dead trees are lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetles. Mountain pine beetles have also attacked Engelmann spruce in large numbers, creating a very hazardous situation in spruce stands as well. Subalpine fir are also being attacked by a root disease creating very weak trees that could fall at any time, especially in windy conditions. Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) has affected many of the aspen in the area. Aspen trees could also fall at any time and are especially hazardous during windy conditions. The majority of these trees have been dead anywhere from 1 to 10 years. They pose a great risk to firefighters in the form of falling trees as root systems begin to fail and the general condition of the trees deteriorate. Trees may either strike personnel causing injury or death, or could fall across roads blocking egress Physical Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Boundaries o This FMU is somewhat difficult to define based on physical features such as roads combined with certain Management Areas from the Routt LRMP. The boundaries for this FMU rely strictly on LRMP Management Area boundaries. Please see the Mount Zirkel FMPA map on page 175 for boundaries of this FMU. Topography The Routt LRMP does not provide any information concerning topography in this FMU. However, the area can be generally characterized by somewhat rolling terrain at lower elevations increasing in steepness along with the elevation to very rugged and rocky terrain at higher elevations. Air Quality o The Mt. Zirkel Class I Airshed located just to the south and southwest of this FMU. o Also, the following areas in or near the FMU have the potential to be smoke sensitive: Walden, CO Page 238 of 254

245 Cowdrey, CO Soils o The Routt LRMP and FEIS do not provide any information regarding the soils on the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU Biological Vegetation o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-9 to 3-11) describes the following different types of vegetation found in the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU. Lodgepole pine is the predominant species in the FMU. Spruce/fir exists in fairly high numbers on this FMU. Aspen is also present in many areas of the FMU. Willows and other vegetation may exist in riparian areas. Wildlife Habitats o The Routt LRMP does not provide information concerning wildlife habitats in this FMU. However, as is true of most of the Forest deer and elk use the area during different times of the year. Threatened/Endangered/Sensitive Species o Information from the Routt LRMP (page 3-9 to 3-11) and the Routt FEIS (pages 3-61 to 3-87) describes the following concerns for threatened, endangered, and sensitive species that apply to the Geographic Areas contained in the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU. The area contains diverse habitat for populations of sensitive species such as the sundew, boreal toad, wood frog, and osprey. Fisheries The Routt LRMP does not contain information regarding the fisheries on the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU. However, the Big Creek Lakes and surrounding streams are fisheries of great recreational importance Resources Wilderness Areas o The Mount Zirkel 6 FMU does not contain any Wilderness Areas. Research Natural Areas (RNAs) o The Mount Zirkel 6 FMU does not contain any RNAs. Special Interest Areas (SIAs) o T he Mount Zirkel 6 FMU does not contain any SIAs. o USFS Administrative Sites o The Routt LRMP does not designate any land as Management Area 8.6 (Administrative Site) or 8.21 (Developed Recreation), thus no additional guidance concerning fire management in and around these areas is provided. However, this does not mean that campgrounds and administrative sites do not exist on the Routt portion of the Forest. The following areas of developed recreation or USFS Administrative Sites are within or in very close proximity to the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU. Big Creek Lakes Campground Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) in Mount Zirkel 6 FMU o The following areas are either within or in very close proximity to USFS land and contain areas of Wildland/Urban Interface. They include privately owned land and land owned by the Forest Service that has Special Use Permits in place allowing private structures to exist on the land. Page 239 of 254

246 o The U.S. Forest Service does not have any jurisdiction over private land. However, due to the proximity of Forest land to private land in some areas, management of unplanned ignitions near WUI areas should favor a direct control strategy. The following WUI areas are located on private land in Jackson County. Big Creek Pearl Twisty Park Electronic Sites o The Mount Zirkel 6 FMU contains the following Electronic Sites. These areas are designated as Management Area 8.3 and management of unplanned ignitions in these areas will follow the guidance from the Routt LRMP which is outlined in Table (a-g) of this document. Blackhall Mtn. Communication Site Mount Zirkel 5 FMU Fire Environment Fire Behavior The majority of the Mount Zirkel 6 FMU is representative of FM10 (Anderson) and mostly comprised of high altitude spruce-fir stands with heavy dead and down and an abundance of ladder fuels varying in species and stages of development. When the local Energy Release Component (ERC) is at or below the 70 th percentile, fire behavior will exhibit low rates of spread and low flame lengths. When FMU conditions reach or exceed the 80 th percentile, flame lengths remain low with moderate rates of spread and passive or isolated involvement of the crowns. Above the 90 th percentile, fire behavior may range from high to extreme with rates of spread and flame lengths becoming high. In the presence of sustained winds, active to independent crown fire can be expected. Due to the recent insect epidemics affecting the majority of the FMU, fuel models are undergoing significant change. The major trend is a significant increase in the amount of mortality fuels on the FMU. The forest is experimenting with fuel model modification to better match the actual conditions on the FMU Weather National Weather Service Fire Weather Zones o 218 o 211 Climatic conditions on this FMU are affected by the Continental Divide. Weather systems rise as they cross this barrier and release most of their moisture on the western slopes. This causes typically drier conditions on the east side of the Continental Divide. The high elevations found in this FMU provide conditions which promote frequent storms, strong winds, and low mean annual temperatures. Precipitation ranges from about 10 inches per year at low elevations to as much as 40 inches per year at high elevations. Average relative humidity is quite low, occasionally dropping to five percent, and evaporation from open water can be up to 50 inches per year. Wyoming is quite windy and there are frequent periods when the wind reaches 30 to 40 miles per hour with gusts up to 60miles per hour. Page 240 of 254

247 CHAPTER 14. BEARS EARS FIRE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AREA The Bears Ears FMPA includes two different Fire Management Units. These FMUs were designated based on differences in management emphases concerning wildland fire. Page 241 of 254

248 Page 242 of 254 Fire Management Plan 2013

249 Page 243 of 254 Fire Management Plan 2013