Tree Canopy Mapping & Modeling of Ecosystem Services for Georgia Communities

Transcription

1 Brown Bag Webinar March 31, 2010 Tree Canopy Mapping & Modeling of Ecosystem Services for Georgia Communities AGRICULTURE COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL/OFFICE PROW PUBLIC/SEMI-PUBLIC RESIDENTIAL VACANT 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Existing UTC Acres Possible UTC Vegetation Acres Possible UTC Impervious Acres Acres Not Suitable Credits: US Forest Service, Northern Research Station University of Vermont, Spatial Analysis Lab US Forest Service, Center for Urban Forest Research UC-Davis, Texas Trees Foundation Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

2 Agenda Overview of Today s Intent AMEC Information Management Urban Tree Canopy Assessment Tools for Modeling Ecosystem Services Other Projects & Tools Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

3 Today s Intent and Objectives Learn why and how to assess your city s tree canopy cover Understand the tools and options for setting canopy goals and an appropriate next step for your community Define ecosystem services and available models Identify reasons and opportunities for collaboration (within city departments or with multiple cities/agencies) Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

4 Matrix where is your community at now? Where are you at now, where do you want to be, how do you sell your UF program to decision makers? Level of Analysis Lower Cost Basic Intermediate Size of Project Area Small Medium Large X Advanced Higher Cost

5 Local Resources in Georgia Federal Level Support: Southern Research Station and Urban Forestry South (Dudley Hartel, Eric Kuehler, others) Regional Manager, US Forest Service (Ed Macie) State Level Support: Georgia Urban Forest Council State Coordinator, Susan Reisch Local Level Support: Trees Atlanta Savannah Trees Foundation Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

6 State and Federal Grant Support Identify grant opportunities early and often Workshops for planning and collaborating Resources such as previous UTC RFPs, FAQs, presentations/videos and a cost/scope spreadsheet tool Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

7 AMEC Experience / General Background Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

8 AMEC s Information Management (IM) Group Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

9 AMEC s Information Management (IM) Group Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

10 Urban Tree Canopy (UTC) Mapping, Assessments and Analysis Tools Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

11 Typical UTC Assessment Deliverables GIS land cover data impervious area, trees/shrub, grass, bare soil and water UTC Assessments maps, tables, charts & GIS data of UTC metrics (area & percent) by parcel, land use, wards, parking lots, watersheds, neighborhoods, etc Potential Planting Sites point locations for small, medium and large tree planting sites attributed by various environmental, social and physical criteria Ecosystem Services CITYgreen, USFS Northeast Community Tree Guides, i- Tree (Streets, Eco & Hydro), EPA SWMM-5 and SUSTAIN models Reporting summarizing methods, data, results, outcomes and recommendations Imagery aerial or satellite imagery, leaf-on, 4-band or color-infrared (CIR) Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

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13 Urban Tree Canopy (UTC) Discontinuity in Urban Tree Canopy (UTC) Opportunities that can be identified Ecosystem services that can be assessed Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

14 Urban Tree Canopy (UTC) Losses in Urban Tree Canopy (UTC) Development pressures Need to assess baseline conditions Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

15 UTC GIS Data Integration Land Cover Building Footprints Roads ROW Parcels Target Geographies Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

16 Land Cover Classification using LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Active laser remote sensing High-resolution digital topographic mapping Multiple returns per pulse Accuracy: +/- 15cm or better Day or night operations Frequently combined with other sensors Non-intrusive method of survey Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

17 Hudson, OH UTC Assessment!"#$%$&' ( )" *+",%-./ 90,000 80,000 70, ,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

18 Hudson, OH 5-Class Land Cover Data Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

19 Hudson, OH 5-Class Land Cover Data Understand Communicate Collaborate AMEC Earth Understand & Environmental, Communicate Inc Collaborate

20 UTC Modeling Assumptions Existing UTC is simply current area of canopy and shrubs Possible is the remaining area after removing Existing UTC, buildings, water and roads Potential & Preferable UTC incorporates social, economic and additional physical factors

21 Hudson, OH UTC by Watershed Watershed Total Acres Acres Not Suitable Existing UTC Acres Existing UTC % Total Possible UTC Acres Total Possible UTC % BRANDYWINE CRK. 5, , , CUYAHOGA R. ABOVE PENINSULA FISH CRK MUD BROOK 6, , , TINKERS CRK. ABOVE POND BROOK 3, , , TINKERS CRK. AT TWINSBURG BRANDYWINE CRK. FISH CRK. MUD BROOK TINKERS CRK. ABOVE POND BROOK TINKERS CRK. AT TWINSBURG 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Acres CUYAHOGA R. ABOVE PENINSULA IS NOT SHOWN DUE TO ITS RELATIVE SMALL SIZE Existing UTC Acres Possible UTC Vegetation Acres Possible UTC Impervious Acres Acres Not Suitable

22 Hudson, OH UTC by Individual Parcel Lots

23 Hudson, OH UTC by Land Use Category Distribution of Existing UTC by Landuse RESIDENTIAL 38% VACANT 3% AGRICULTURE 0% COMMERCIAL 2% AGRICULTURE COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL/OFFI CE 3% INDUSTRIAL/OFFICE PROW PUBLIC/SEMI-PUBLIC RESIDENTIAL PUBLIC/SEMI- PUBLIC 47% PROW 7% VACANT 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Existing UTC Acres Possible UTC Vegetation Acres Possible UTC Impervious Acres Acres Not Suitable

24 UTC by Census Block and City Comparison

25 UTC Calculator - Land Use Districts of St. Louis, MO USER INPUTS Increase UTC % By Area Commercial District Central Business District Industrial District Jefferson Memorial District Local Commercial and Office District Multiple-Family Residential Dwelling District Neighborhood Commercial District Not Zoned Public Right-of-Way Single-Family Residential Dwelling District Two-Family Residential Dwelling District Unclassified Unrestricted District Estimated Crown Diameter (ft): 30 Estimated Crown Areas (Acres): Update UTC % To Update Number of Trees by: *NOTE: Only one of entry is acceptable per row, per column. For example, Commercial may not have entries in "Increase UTC % By" and "Increase UTC % To." RESULTS Warnings and Errors * User inputs not filled in Total Total Total Acres Not Existing Existing Additional Updated UTC Number of Classified District Possible % Change Updated % Acreage Trees Acres Suitable UTC Acres UTC % Possible UTC Acres UTC % Change Required UTC Acres Area Commercial District Central Business District Industrial District 2,214 1, , Jefferson Memorial District Local Commercial and Office District Multiple-Family Residential Dwelling District 3,641 1, , Neighborhood Commercial District 1, Not Zoned Public Right-of-Way 9,146 6,366 1, , Single-Family Residential Dwelling District 10,304 3,565 2, , Two-Family Residential Dwelling District 4,768 1,977 1, , Unclassified Unrestricted District 5,432 2, , SUMMARY RESULTS Target Geography Totals Geographic Area (Acres) Existing UTC (Acres) Existing % Total Trees Added Total Trees Added Acres New UTC Acres Classified District 39,737 7,218 18% New %

26 UTC Calculator - Land Use Districts of St. Louis, MO USER INPUTS Increase UTC % By Update UTC % To Update Number of Trees by: Area Commercial District 1,000 Central Business District 5,000 Industrial District 10.0% Jefferson Memorial District 20.0% Local Commercial and Office District 20.0% Multiple-Family Residential Dwelling District 50.0% Neighborhood Commercial District 20.0% Not Zoned 0.0% Public Right-of-Way 20.0% Single-Family Residential Dwelling District 50.0% Two-Family Residential Dwelling District 50.0% Unclassified 0.0% Unrestricted District 10.0% Estimated Crown Diameter (ft): 30 Estimated Crown Areas (Acres): *NOTE: Only one of entry is acceptable per row, per column. For example, Commercial may not have entries in "Increase UTC % By" and "Increase UTC % To." RESULTS Warnings and Errors UTC Exceeds Possible Limit * User inputs filled in Total Total Total Acres Not Existing Existing Additional Updated UTC Number of Classified District Possible % Change Updated % Acreage Trees Acres Suitable UTC Acres UTC % Possible UTC Acres UTC % Change Required UTC Acres Area Commercial District ,000 Central Business District ,000 Industrial District 2,214 1, , ,608 Jefferson Memorial District ,214 Local Commercial and Office District ,458 Multiple-Family Residential Dwelling District 3,641 1, , , , ,786 Neighborhood Commercial District 1, ,275 Not Zoned Public Right-of-Way 9,146 6,366 1, , , , ,935 Single-Family Residential Dwelling District 10,304 3,565 2, , , , ,919 Two-Family Residential Dwelling District 4,768 1,977 1, , , , ,927 Unclassified Unrestricted District 5,432 2, , ,473 SUMMARY RESULTS Target Geography Totals Geographic Area (Acres) Existing UTC (Acres) Existing % Total Trees Added Total Trees Added Acres New UTC Acres Classified District 39,737 7,218 18% 483,594 7,843 15,061 38% New %

27 UTC: Results in GeoPDF

28 Planting Sites Analysis and Prioritization

29 Dallas, TX - Texas Trees Foundation Purpose: increase funding opportunities thru a practical model that will identify and prioritize tree planting sites using GIS, remote sensing and environmental factors Partners: City of Dallas, Texas Forest Service, NCTCOG, Urban Renewal, EPA, Houston Advanced Research Center, USDA Forest Service and UC-Davis

30 Existing Tree Canopy and Potential Planting Sites

31 Planting Sites by Land Use (Zoning) Potential Tree Sites

32 Planting Sites in Heat Islands Planting Sites That Would Best Mitigate Urban Heat Islands

33 GIS Data Inputs: Parking Lots (# of trees needed to reach 15% canopy cover)

34 Estimating Per Tree Benefits

35 Urban Forest Ecosystem Services Modeling

36 Urban Forest Dollar Value CITYgreen Software Air Pollution Removal Carbon Storage & Sequestration Stormwater Mitigation Water Quality (Contaminant Loading)

37 Source: Scott Maco, Davey Institute

38 Source: Scott Maco, Davey Institute

39 i-tree Version-3; UFORE-Hydro UFORE-Hydro: a GIS-based program that estimates stream flow and water quality change based on tree cover and impervious surface attributes within a watershed. It is calibrated against actual stream flow data and designed specifically to estimate effects as a result of changes in vegetation cover. Inputs: weather / precipitation, elevation, land cover, gauging stations data, watershed boundary Parameters: 9 channel, soil, and vegetation Resolution: 10-meter & 30-meter so far, but 1-meter is possible with <5sqkm area Other: no dollar-value associated (resource units only), also testing in Minnesota, Oregon, Colorado, Florida, and Phoenix Eastern U.S. Beta Testing Sites

40 Nashville Green Infrastructure Evaluation Primary Question: What volume of runoff could be removed from the combined sewer system by green infrastructure practices? AMEC Earth & Environmental

41 Analysis Approach Model runoff reduction using EPA s SWMM-5 Program by: Infiltration and deep percolation Evaporation from the surface Transpiration by plants Leaf interception Beneficial reuse AMEC Earth & Environmental

42 Nashville, TN Urban Tree Canopy Mapping (1-m 4-band NAIP image)

43 Leaf Interception Analysis * MS Excel calculations showed 7.3% of rainfall intercepted by trees Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 4.5 selected with the help of ORNL forest hydrologist Separate rainfall record into discrete events Inter-event dry period of 6 hours to allow drying Interception subtracted from each event where available Interception = LAI* AMEC Earth & Environmental AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc.

44 Tree Planter Parameters Infiltration Parameters Suction Head 4.33 Saturated Conductivity 2.5 Initial Deficit Ponding Depth 4 in in/hr in AMEC Earth & Environmental Storage Parameters Porosity Wilting Point Field Capacity Saturated Conductivity Conductivity Slope Tension Slope Upper ET Fraction Beginning Moisture Content Depth Starting Water Table Depth in/hr ft 0.25 ft

45 Green Roof Parameters Infiltration Parameters Suction Head 1.93 in The analysis showed 54.5% of runoff volume was removed through green roof evapotranspiration Saturated Conductivity Initial Deficit Ponding Depth in/hr in Storage Parameters Porosity 0.4 Wilting Point 0.15 Field Capacity 0.35 Saturated Conductivity 4 in/hr Conductivity Slope 8 Tension Slope 10 Upper ET Fraction 0.74 Beginning Moisture Content 0.25 AMEC Earth & Environmental Starting Water Table Depth Depth 0.33 ft ft

46 Contact Information Ian Hanou Senior Project Manager AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc. 355 S Teller St, Suite #300, Denver, CO (303) (office) (303) (mobile) ian.hanou@amec.com