REDD+: Combining reduction of deforestation, biodiversity & food security The Gilé National Reserve REDD+ Pilot project, Mozambique

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1 REDD+: Combining reduction of deforestation, biodiversity & food security The Gilé National Reserve REDD+ Pilot project, Mozambique World Forestry Congress September 8th, 2015 Durban

2 Context of Mozambique Population 54% below the poverty line 70% living in rural areas HDI 178 out of 187 countries 8,5% GDP growth rate (2014) 5th highest rate in Africa Agriculture: major sector of economy (32% of GDP) = pressure on forests Economy Politics Forests Stable political environment 1st Mo Ibraim Prize for Good Governance Attraction of large public/private inv. 51% of national territory (40M ha) Deforestation rate is 0.58% 220,000 ha/year > 50% of national GHG emissions 2

3 The Gilé National Reserve 3

4 The Gilé National Reserve 4

5 The Gilé National Reserve Created in 1932 Only reserve in Mozambique without human settlement The Reserve protects a significant area of Miombo forest eco-region

6 An efficient conservation policy... The National Administration for Conservation Area and the IGF Fundation are co-managing the Reserve since 2007 and are already obtaining good results: Improvement of law enforcement Improvement of infrastructure Reintroduction of animals

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8 ...but with some limitations There is no sustainable funding to keep on managing efficiently the Reserve over the long term Deforestation is increasing Populations do not beneficiate from the Reserve => An integrated and long term vision is needed => Mobilization of the REDD+ mechanism

9 A REDD+ pilot project was launched in January 2014 Under the supervision of the ANAC Implemented by the IGF Fundation, with technical support from Agrisud and Etc Terra Funded by the FFEM, with support from the French Ministry of Agriculture Principal objectives: The project aims to prepare the Reserve to enter the REDD+ mecanism in order as a sustainalbe funding machanism. Lower deforestation Work with the surrounding communities

10 Around the GNR, the main deforestation driver is Slash & Burn Agriculture Drivers Slash & Burn Agriculture for cassava and corn Agents Small-scale farmers Underlying causes Poor soil conditions and weak management capacities, low productivity crops, poverty & subsistence agriculture

11 The main option to reduce deforestation is the promotion of conservation agriculture Conservation Agriculture - Agroforestry system: boundaries systems, homesteads, orchards, Faederbia albida, etc - Technical assistance and inputs (seeds, fertilizers, equipment) - Community nurseries - Fire management - Increase productivy, Contribute to food security, access to markets

12 The theory behind this REDD+ project Adoption of conservation agriculture practices Reducing deforestation $ Management of the Reserve $ Sells of Carbon credits

13 Other activities include: The Community hunting block of Mulela: Management & benefits for local communities lved tings o e v e n &i ry m d y; o e e e t i in r v a f i r u p p t i u n o c n s i e h t e l t r id a d rs s rks roval by ica Zone p n o s e g i t o f a e t i o a i L o l w t r n i un Eco Buffer n of inist tion for app nt unds commu o m i a o m t r d m d i a l t 3 o u Va mane 4 c strict A nme wes local Eval r e h i t i l v i w Que ézia Go +2d August 2013 May 2010 b Zam Outcomes ~ 9,000 people organized in the NOKALANO Association; Concession contract with MITADER; Competitive selection of a private safari operator sub-concession contract between NOKALANO and operator Establish a model of community management of wildlife resources policy changes Expected direct benefits: Sub-concession fees; Royalties on quota; Royalties on nr of safari days (min. expected 15-20,000 USD/year). Policy changes towards more benefits to community from tourism Promotes sustainable tourism

14 The project is gaining momentum and is currently being extend to a broader area and is a candidate program to the FCPF Carbon Fund In this broader framework, a larger range of deforestation drivers will be addressed

15 Mozambique Early Idea Zambezia Integrated Landscape Management Program

16 Program Area District Forest Area (ha) Annual Deforestation rate ( ) Alto Molocué 380,046-1,04% Ile 266,496-1,23% Gilé 666,667-0,58% Pebane 692,760-0,62% Maganja da Costa 518,641-0,49% 2,524,610-0,71% Total 18,000 ha/year 16

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18 Drivers, agents and causes of deforestation around the Reserve Drivers Agriculture Agents Small-scale farmers Underlying causes Poor soil conditions and weak management capacities, low productivity crops, poverty & subsistence agriculture Firewood and charcoal Small-scale producers, house hold and industrial consumers Low access to other sources of energy, lack of individual firewood plantations, inefficient cookstoves and charcoal plants Illegal logging Small operators & concessionaires - Weak governance, poor land tenure and zoning, very few cash generating opportunities 18

19 Drivers, agents and causes of deforestation 19

20 20 Environmental Governance - Reduce deforestation annual rate in 30-40% Improve national & provincial government capacity & structure - Establish national and provincial MRV office Forest Management & Concessions - Forest concessions over 1,7 million ha, managed by the private sector - Improve Concessions legal and institutional framework, promote FSC forest certification - Program One leader-one forest/ One child-one tree - Fire management Land use planning and registration - Mapping and registration of farmers and land dwellers - Promote land-use planning at districts level Policy and Governance

21 21 - Technical Assistance programs - Training on community MRV, on creating new business opportunities,, fire management and food production - Implementation of pilot demonstrative units for new crops - Partnerships with other successful countries (ex: South-south Knowledge Exchange) - Agroforestry system: boundaries systems, homesteads, orchards, Faederbia albida, etc - Technical assistance and inputs (seeds, fertilizers, equipment) - Community nurseries - Fire management - Increase productivy, Contribute to food security, access to markets - Establish 5,000 hectares of sustainable farming -230$/yr of additional revenues per farmer. - 1 cashew processing unit in partnership w/ private sector -Cashew orchards implemented Capacity Building and Training Conservation Agriculture Deforestation-free Cashew and Sesame Engage farmers in integrated landscape management activities Agriculture and sustainable landscapes

22 22-50,000 hectares of forest plantations (led by private sector and outgrower shemes) - 50 community forest nurseries - Promote forest plantation/ woodlots for charcoal production - Improve charcoal production technologies (kilns) - introduce sustainable cooking stoves - Improve reserve management: staff, infra-structure, lawenforcement on illegal logging and poaching - Work with surrounding communities on buffer zone in the management structure of the park - Private partnership for Game and Tourism programs Forest plantations Sustainable wood and charcoal supply chains Gilé Reserve Management Build on existing Government / NGO / Community / Private Sector interventions Forest conservation and management

23 One of the core question for North Zambézia: How to incentivize adoption of conservation agriculture at scale? Small-holders are usually risk-adverse Adoption rate of innovation in agriculture are usually low Need for: Strong incentives over a long term And long-term technical assistance

24 Can market incentives through agricultural commodities supply chain be a solution? Tree guiding principles: Markets must be available for participants products and services Provide clear and sustainable benefits to smallholders Work with a large number of producer

25 Proposed contracting scheme Fair-trade price and technical assistance Adoption of conservation agriculture practices for cassava and corn No poaching in the reserve No plantation of cashew tree on new deforested-land

26 On the demand side: New York declaration on forest No-deforestation supply chain

27 On the demand side: Commit to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains, including third party suppliers, as soon as possible, and collectively by no later than Leading consumer goods companies, commodity producers and traders have already committed to ambitious timelines to phase out deforestation, some with immediate effect. More companies should be encouraged to follow suit, including companies from other sectors such as animal feedstuffs, construction and food services Adopt the highest possible standards for forest conservation particularly as they relate to protection of high carbon stock landscapes, no expansion onto peat lands and the protection of human rights and land rights. Commit to traceability and transparency in their supply chains.

28 On the demand side: -> Possibility to launch a fair-trade, no-deforestation cashew nut business in North Zambézia -> Some well advanced discussion with Norwegian and French buyers

29 Deforestationfree cashew Improve livelihoods USD 9.2M additional revenues to the communities 1. Cashew and sesame are the only cash crops in the area 2. Partnership with a cashew processor to launch a fairtrade deforestation-free cashew-nut supply chain 3. Sold to an international buyer (Unilever, Cosco ) at a premium price farmers contractualized Fair-trade pricing for raw cashew 22 vs. 13 MZN/kg Secure sourcing for processing unit t/yr Strong lever for contractualiza tion scheme

30 Deforestation-free cashew Out-grower agriculture scheme, fair-trade price in exchange of: Adoption of conservation agriculture techniques Association (cassava/peanuts), rotation, mulching, intercropping New plantations and better management of existent cashew orchards Pruning, thinning, intercropped plantation Moving from slash-burn agriculture into conservation agriculture Lower deforestation rate

31 Fair-trade cashew would help enter a virtuous circle Cashew nut fair-trade $ Adoption of conservation agriculture Lowering deforestation $ Management of the Reserve $ Sells of carbon credits

32 José Dias ANAC Gilé National Reserve Warden