The Woods in Your Backyard
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1 The Woods in Your Backyard Learning to Create and Enhance Natural Areas Around Your Home Jonathan Kays Natural Resource Extension Specialist Educating People to Help Themselves
2 4 Minutes to a Better Backyard
3 WIYB Resources & More
4 Your Backyard Woods Different Points of View! Meet the Nelson s Meet the turtle Meet the birds & their food caterpillars
5 What We Will Do Utilize the Woods in Your Backyard guide and workbook to help you learn more about your land. Develop some priorities and projects to help you be a better steward of the property.
6 -Tell us how much land you own -Tell us a few questions or issues you want to have addressed today?
7 WIBY Calls for a Paradigm Shift Think about planting many trees and shrubs (at least a ¼ acre), not just a few Move from micromanagement to thinking at a system scale Design a system that contributes to community social and ecological values Develop facilitating functioning systems!
8 Why the WIYB Program? Woodland Ownership Trends woodland owners ownership tract acreage short tenure of ownership new/different owner s (land ethic) The words we use: Forests > Woods > [Natural Areas]
9 Number of MD Private Forest Owners (1000 s) Percentage with 1 9 Acres of Forest # of Owners (x1000) % 65% 85% Year of Survey USDA Forest Service National Woodland Owners Survey 1977, 1989, 2006
10 Trend of Private Land Parcelization Challenges Traditional Forest Industry
11 Purpose of Workshop Transition from mowed to natural use Enhance existing natural areas
12 Changing the Paradigm of Landscaping from Mowed to Natural Use
13 Improves wildlife habitat Improves water quality TN 66% reduction TP 77% reduction Reduces noise & air pollution More time for something else! Benefits Develop functioning ecosystems
14 Options for Converting Lawn and Other Intermediate Areas Natural Areas Without Tree Cover: Mow every 3 years Warm season grasses & wildflower fields Convert to Woodland: Managing natural succession Maintain old field areas Tree planting
15 When Is A Woods Natural? It has structure It has diversity It is not mowed
16 Is Your Woods Healthy?
17 Number of lepidopteran species Invasive Specie Concerns Reduce Wildlife Abundance & Diversity From: Bringing Nature Home Doug Tallamy Native Woody Non-Native Woody Many more caterpillar species on native woody plant genera in the mid-atlantic states
18 Guide Overview A Learning Approach Ch. 1: The Woods In Your Backyard Ch. 2: Ecological Principles Ch. 3: Inventory Your Property Ch.4: Land Care Practices Ch. 5: Putting Your Knowledge to Work Appendices: Workbook: Downloadable, type entries
19 Conceptual Framework of Looking at Your Property Three types of land use: Intensive use buildings, sheds, paved areas, etc Intermediate use lawns, garden, pasture, orchard Natural use forested, unmowed areas with small trees & shrubs Paired 3-acre plots
20 Intensive Intermediate Natural Use Areas Natural Succession Some Planting after 3 years Natural Succession Some Planting after 16 years
21 Map Out Your Property Draw By Hand or Use Google Earth Outline property Structures Roads & trails Streams or creeks Lawn and woods
22 What are some of the things you would like to do?
23 Creating Stewardship Journal Some basic facts about the property Year acquired Share motivation for purchase Has reason for owning the land changed? What do you enjoy most about your land? What do you enjoy least? What do you want from the natural areas now?
24 Online Mapping Tools Google Maps MdMerlin Forests for the Bay Landserver mapping
25 Organizing the Landscape Examples of Habitat Units Old field Lawn Stream -wetland Pine woods Hardwood Are trees > or < 30 feet Pine-hardwood mix Trees < 30 ft
26 Get to Know Your Property: Habitat Units
27 Designate Habitat Units 1.3 acres Which of the following below do you see? 1) Large hardwoods 2) Large pine-hardwood 3) Old field area 4) Lawn 5) Pasture 6) Young woods 7) Streamside area From: mdmerlin.net
28 Which of the following below do you see? Designate Habitat Units 3-acres 1) Large hardwoods 2) Large pinehardwood 3) Old field area 4) Lawn 5) Pasture 6) Young woods 7) Streamside area From: mdmerlin.net
29 Comparing Views of Mapping Programs 4 ac. 5.2 ac. Google Earth
30 Habitat Areas - Klein Property 7 acres - Keedysville Habitat Areas 1. Crop field 2. Crop field plant trees 3. Woodland - clear invasive species 4. Riparian buffer plant trees
31 Land Care Practices Expand woodland area Expand riparian buffer Clear out invasive species in woodland
32 Trees, Old Fields, Privacy Screens
33 Web Soil Survey
34 Creating Natural Areas Expand Existing Areas. Other Options? Google Earth MDMerlin
35 Expanding existing forest areas (Left) The planting area expands the existing riparian area. (Right) Planting area should try to expand existing forest area.
36 Opportunities to Work Across Boundaries Which of the following below do you see? 1) Large hardwoods 2) Large pine-hardwood 3) Old field area 4) Lawn 5) Pasture 6) Young woods 7) Streamside area From: mdmerlin.net
37 Get to Know Your Property: Habitat Units Tree identification basics
38 Small Group Exercise Identify 3-5 Habitat Areas Intermediate Areas Lawn & pastures Natural Habitat Areas Large & small hardwoods (greater or less than 30 tall) Large & small pines (greater or less than 30 tall) Mixed pines & hardwood (indicate large or small trees) Old field area unmanaged pasture (crowns of tree closed or open) Streams - springs Wetland area (wet at least 4-6 months per year) How to use your maps activity, page 6 in workbook Add to your map with Activity 2 in the workbook The above refer to Activity 1, page 7 and Activity 7 (pg.23) in book
39 What Do You Have & What Do You Want?:Creating Your Own
40 Chapter 2 - Ecological Principles Ecology: the study of natural communities and how they function and interact Soil Resources The Dynamic Nature Area Principals of Forestry Water resources and your natural area Wildlife ecology
41 A Riddle: What Am I? I withstand an amazing amount of abuse
42 Root Mat that holds soil in place Plow Layer
43 Climate, soil, available water, and nutrients all affect how well a tree grows. If minimum requirements are not met, a tree may not grow in a given area.
44 Oaks are better adapted to dry and shallow hilltop soils, while yellow-poplar trees are found on more fertile lower slopes
45 Changing forest ecosystems West. MD. East. Shore Central MD. Southern MD.
46 The Dynamic Natural Area: Principles of Succession 1. Natural areas change over time, whether or not you do anything to them. 2. You can alter the process of succession 3. Tree vary in their requirement for sunlight.
47 The trees that are most successful in the competition for light outgrow and overtop the others
48
49 Forest Harvesting: Push succession back Tree Planting: Push succession ahead
50 How Your Woodland Develops A function primarily of site quality Past history current practices (grazing, for example) species composition A photographic history from the Allegheny Plateau in Pennsylvania ( )
51 1927 Forests are resilient and renewable
52 1928
53 1937
54 1947
55 1958
56 1968
57 1978
58 1998
59 Each stage of succession supports different wildlife. Diversity of habitat a good thing.
60 Habitat Areas Represent Different Successional Stages Old field Lawn Stream -wetland Pine woods Hardwood Are trees > or < 30 feet Pine-hardwood mix Trees < 30 ft
61 Succession Principle 3 Trees vary in their requirement for sunlight.
62
63 The Dynamic Natural Area: Principles of Succession 4. Different successional stages provide different wildlife habitat & meet different aesthetic & recreational needs. 5. A small woodlot may not contain every successional stage
64 Principle: We manage wildlife species and groups by managing the habitat. Forest management practices a cost-effective way to alter habitat. Three Options for habitat management: Cut something Plant something Do nothing at all
65 The Dynamic Natural Area: Principles of Succession 4. Different successional stages provide different wildlife habitat, aesthetics, and recreation. 5. Every small wooded lot may not contain every stage of succession
66 Forestry Principles: Getting Down to Basics Silviculture development and care of forests 1. Tree size not directly related to age 2. Different tree species require different conditions 3. Trees grow at different rates - compete for resources (i.e., sunlight, water, and nutrients) 4. Forests are 3-dimensional
67 South-facing Slope North-facing Slope Effect of Aspect on Site Quality
68 Tree Size and Age A B Which tree is older? A or B?
69 Competing tree crowns
70 Tree is a factory... Leaves use sun and water in leaves to produce food... More leaves More food More growth...
71 Diameter Response to Thinning
72 Development of vertical stratification as trees die, holes are filled, others seed in
73 Forestry Principles: Getting Down to Basics 5. Trees reproduce either from seeds or sprouts 6. Trees don t live forever; dead trees valuable for wildlife and soil 7. No matter how you manage your land, but especially if you practice passive management, invasive and exotic species will inhabit it.
74 Grapevine Mile-a-minute Kudzu Invasive and natural species can take over. Especially in early succession Tree-of-heaven Japanese stilt grass
75 Learn to Identify Invasive & Exotic Species
76 Forests and Water Resources Natural area soils act as a sponge and filter, absorbing water and removing impurities Trees and shrubs grown on banks prevent erosion Water attracts wildlife When used properly, herbicide and fertilizer are fine
77 Understand Habitat Requirements Non-breeding Breeding
78 Improving Wildlife Habitat Value Natural areas will increase food, cover, water, space Get across the message, Messy is okay New natural areas will attract wildlife that will increase wildlife-human conflicts (i.e. deer)
79 Focus on Wildlife Habitat Elements What is limiting? Cover caves & ledges; cavity trees; snags, tree tops; dense vegetation Food hard & soft mast; wolf trees; apple trees; food plots Water wetlands; riparian zones; spring seeps Space all elements in home range; landscape features present;
80 Attracting Wildlife Mast Trees Oak, hickory, walnut, beech Cherry, crabapple, hackberry,
81 Attracting Wildlife Understand Edge Effect Interface between two or more cover types Zones of high wildlife activity Hard Edge Soft Edge
82 Wildlife/Human Interaction
83 Habitat Elements on Your Land Special Section on unanticipated issues with wildlife Deer Cats
84 Recreation & Aesthetics
85 Examples of Habitat Area Types Old field Lawn Stream -wetland Pine woods Hardwood Are trees > or < 30 feet Pine-hardwood mix Trees < 30 ft
86 The Nelsons Map Vegetation type, Common Tree and Shrub Species, & Successional Stage
87 Small Group/Individual Exercise For each habitat unit fill in what you can: Successional Stage of each area Dominant tree and shrub species Fill out Table A: The Vegetation on Your Land (pg 9) in workbook. Identify common tree and shrub species and successional stage as best you can. Activity 8, page 28 in book
88 Logging in Large-Lot Suburban Developments with a Good Forester
89 Use smaller and lower impact harvesting and processing equipment
90 Firewise Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3
91 Constraints to Habitat Management
92 Tree and Shrub ID Part II, Lesson 3, Page 25 What kind of trees and shrubs grow on your land? Use simple MD Leaf Key to start. Peterson s Guide to Trees and Shrubs a great resource. Many online resources as well. The manual covers the bare basics
93 Tree Identification Resources woodland From: Local Bookstore Cost: $17 Leafsnap Online Resources: vtree Leaf Key Virginia Tech
94 Leaf-type Comparison
95 Leaf Arrangement
96 Alternate
97 Opposite
98 Catalpa Whorled
99 Leaf Structure
100 A Simple Leaf Petiole (leaf stalk) Bud
101 A Compound Leaf Leaflet Pinnately compound Petiole (leaf stalk) Bud
102 A Compound Leaf Leaflet Petiole (leaf stalk) Palmately compound Bud
103 Leaf margins Serrate Dentate Double serrate Lobed Entire
104 Evergreen Trees Branching pattern not important Leaves or needles distinctive spruce - square needles fir - flat needles pines - grouped in fascicles Type of fruit, called a cone Bark and tree form can be important Location important
105 Deciduous Trees Branching Pattern first character to check. Only a few species have opposite branching. REMEMBER! MADCAPHorse M - maples A - ashes D - dogwood CAP - viburnums, honeysuckle Horse - horse chesnut
106 Other Deciduous Characters Leaf Type - simple or compound Leaf Shape - round, oblong, heart Leaf margin - smooth, toothed, lobed Buds - size, color, shape Fruits - acorn, legume Smell - almonds, spice, nasty Tree Form - vase-shape, spreading Bark - platy, ridged
107 4-H Simple Dichotomous Leaf Key
108 Chapter 4 Land Care Practices Converting lawn to woodland Herbicides to control invasives; mowing; planting trees & shrubs; Modifying or improving habitat Agroforestry; brush piles, creating an opening; firewood cutting; food plots; girdling, grapevines; mast trees; pruning; herbicide application, thinning, etc. Improving aesthetic or recreational opportunities Creating a natural haven; trail design
109 Tree Planting Video k&index=9&list=pl0rq962sbk2jzi0oqp40qjge IUN-c7ZBn
110 Choosing Projects Menu driven table helps landowners identify & rank objectives with some suggested broad project ideas. Similar table for other objectives
111 Make a Timetable Spell out Details
112 Stewardship Journal A Work In Progress
113 Record Your Progress Important: Take pictures
114 WIYB Guide A Hands-On Resource Published by PALS (Plant & Life Sciences Publishing) 108 pages 17 activities Case studies Downloable Workbook s.cornell.edu List Price - $24 Additional resources available at website below:
115 Questions? Jonathan Kays Natural Resources Specialist University of Maryland Cooperative Extension Keedysville Road Keedysville, MD x323 Understanding forest and wildlife ecology is like studying forensics.
116 Starting with Values Can you articulate the values you have for you property Values Process gives more weight to what s important to you to make: Inform decisions Evaluate options Choose wisely Solidify foundation for future actions
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