Road Network Planning, Timber Harvesting and Forest Road Construction in Austria
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1 Faculty of Forestry March 2016, Zagreb Road Network Planning, Timber Harvesting and Forest Road Construction in Austria Univ. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Karl Stampfer Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
2 % >60 < 30 39% slope gradient 39% 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 2
3 Forest ownership distribution Private Forests < 200 ha 48.3% Private Forests > 200 ha 22.4% Federal Austrian Forests 15.7% Provincial Forests 1.5% Communal Forests 2.2% Community Forests 9.9% 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 3
4 Annual cut in Austria 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 4
5 What is road network planning? 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 5
6 Felling and processing methods in Austria (2007) 82,41% 17,59% Source: Holzeinschlagsmeldung, Stampfer Forest Engineering 6
7 Harvester operating range 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 7
8 Timber extraction methods in Austria (2007) Source: Holzeinschlagsmeldung, Stampfer Forest Engineering 8
9 Harvesting systems Source: Heinimann 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 9
10 Harvesting system Harvesting systems can be defined as a combination of people, machines, and materials, which fulfils working assignments. The four harvesting systems used in Austria are: Non-mechanised Partly-mechanised Highly-mechanised Fully-mechanised 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 10
11 Cut-to-length method Felling Delimbing, cross-cutting Log turning, delimbing Extracting Storage 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 11
12 Tree-length method Felling Delimbing Extracting Delimbing, cross-cutting, storage 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 12
13 Whole-tree method Felling Extracting Delimbing, cross-cutting, storage 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 13
14 Chain saw and pickaroon (Cut-to-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 14
15 Chain saw and forwarder (Cut-to-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 15
16 Chain saw and tractor trailer (Cut-to-length) Source: FPP, Stampfer Forest Engineering 16
17 Harvester and forwarder (Cut-to-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 17
18 Chain saw and farm tractor (Tree-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 18
19 Chain saw and skidder (Tree-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 19
20 Chain saw and processor with clam bank (Whole tree) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 20
21 Harvester and cable-forwarder (Cut-to-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 21
22 Tethered harvester and forwarder (Cut-to-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 22
23 Chain saw and tower yarder (Cut-to-length) 15 m 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 23
24 Harvester and tower yarder (Cut-to-length) 14 m 28 m 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 24
25 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 1) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 25
26 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 2) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 26
27 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 3) Photo: Loschek 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 27
28 Chain saw and sledge winch (Cut-to-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 28
29 Chain saw and helicopter (Tree-length) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 29
30 Source: Austrian Forest Inventory1992/96 Road network density 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 30
31 Road categories Main road Subsidiary road Skidding road Utilization Truck & Trailer Truck Skidder Forwarder Passability Permanent Seasonal Seasonal Carriageway width [m] Formation width [m] Maximum gradient [%] 10 (12) 12 (15) 20 (25) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 31
32 Condition of carriageway Truck roads Asphalt 17% Earth 4% Gravel 79% Source: Hauk und Winkler, Stampfer Forest Engineering 32
33 Standard profile embankment carriageway ditch formation 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 33
34 Cross-section for earth 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 34
35 Cross-section for rock 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 35
36 Cross sections Inslope section 3 % Crowned section 5 % 5 % Outslope section 3 % Roof section 4-(8) % 4-(8) % 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 36
37 Surveying methods Zero plane Zero line Fill Cut 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 37
38 Zero line survey Map Wyssen compass Meridian clinometer Measuring tape Measuring and aiming lath Altimeter 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 38
39 Zero line survey Written longitudinal profile 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 39
40 Survey equipment Traditional 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 40
41 Survey equipment Mobile data collection 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 41
42 IT-supported planning RoadEng v7 Three modules Survey/Map Terrain Location [ Stampfer Forest Engineering 42
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43 RoadEng Data input [ Stampfer Forest Engineering 43
44 RoadEng v7 Survey [ Stampfer Forest Engineering 44
45 RoadEng v7 Zero line polygon [ Stampfer Forest Engineering 45
46 RoadEng v7 Location module [ Stampfer Forest Engineering 46
47 IT-supported planning ArcGIS 9.2 / RoadEng 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 47
48 Forest road application Austrian requirements Zero line or plane must be marked in the nature Sketch map including the zero line polygon (scale 1:2000) Application to the local authority Technical report Written longitudinal profile Norm profiles 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 48
49 Forest road application Technical report Road length Width of carriageway, formation and tree clearance Design of the cross section Maximum road gradient and curve radius Terrain description Water drainage (minimum diameter of culverts; culvert spacing; ditches etc.) Road length, where blasting is necessary 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 49
50 Road construction procedure Machine relocation 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 50
51 Road construction procedure Hydraulic excavator Log removal from construction area Topsoil removal from construction area excavating base for fill foundation Fill slope construction Subgrade and cut shaping 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 51
52 Road construction procedure Typical working phases Rough subgrade work Slope revegetation 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 52
53 Road construction procedure Rock work Preparation of drill hole Inserting of blasting agent 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 53
54 Road construction procedure Drainage Culvert installation Running-in/out protection 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 54
55 Water drainage Culverts 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 55
56 Stream crossing Fords Source: KUONEN, Stampfer Forest Engineering 56
57 Stream crossing Fords with culverts 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 57
58 Stream crossing Bridges Source: Unegg 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 58
59 Road construction procedure Slope protection Dry stone pitching Wooden crib wall ( Krainer wall ) 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 59
60 Road construction procedure Gravel preparation Stone crushing Spreading 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 60
61 Road construction procedure Grading and Rolling 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 61
62 Road construction procedure Completion 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 62
63 Forest road construction Cost estimation Construction conditions Easy up to moderate slopes (mountainous terrain), rough subgrade work, drainage, soil exchange, no rocks in the excavated material, reseeding Moderate slopes, rough subgrade work, drainage, soil exchange, low rate of rocks, without purchase of rocks and gravel Moderate up to steep slopes, rough subgrade work, drainage, low rate of rocks, surfacing with local material, reseeding Moderate up to steep slopes, rough subgrade work, drainage, considerable rate of rocks, partial end-hauling of excavated material (full bench construction), surfacing with local material, reseeding Steep slopes, rough subgrade work, drainage, rockrate of 80%, endhauling of excavated material in large parts (full bench construction), surfacing with local material Moderate up to steep slopes, rough subgrade work with considerably cutting and filling operations, costly drainage measurements, base course graveling with local material, surface course graveling with purchased gravel, considerable purchase of rocks for rock walls Average Costs [ /m] Approx. 18,- Approx. 28,- Approx. 38,- Approx. 50,- Approx. 110,- Approx. 115, Stampfer Forest Engineering 63
64 Road construction costs in Austria 2012 Costs [Euro/lfm] 2011 Costs [Euro/lfm] Burgenland 19,93 20,33 Carinthia 29,50 25,00 Lower Austria 33,00 37,10 Upper Austria 40,56 44,60 Salzburg 50,00 58,00 Styria 40,00 22,40 Tyrol 43,48 43,00 Vorarlberg No Data No Data Subsidized forest roads 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 64
65 New forest roads in Austria 2012 Length [km] 2011 Length [km] Burgenland 18,10 22,25 Carinthia 99,00 149,00 Lower Austria 82,00 61,00 Upper Austria 173,00 42,44 Salzburg 35,00 54,00 Styria 170,00 67,45 Tyrol 14,40 88,00 Voralberg No Data No Data Austria 591,50 484,14 Subsidized forest roads 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 65
66 Thank you for your attention 2016 Stampfer Forest Engineering 66
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