Biological Diversity Conservation Issues In Sabah and Its Action Plan. By Alim Biun Sabah Parks, Sabah Malaysia

Transcription

1 Biological Diversity Conservation _ Issues In Sabah and Its Action Plan By Alim Biun Sabah Parks, Sabah Malaysia

2 Borneo Island _ Land Areas: 743,330 square kilometers (287,000 square miles, million hectares, or million. Population 18,590,000 (as of 2009) Density /km 2 (55.74 /sq mi) The island is divided among three countries: 1. Approximately 73% of the island is Indonesian territory. 2. Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, along with the federal territory, make up about 26% of the island. 3. The sovereign state of Brunei, located on the north coast, comprises about 1% of Borneo's land area.

3 _ Borneo between the year 1950s Borneo in 1950s Borneo in 1980s Borneo in 2000 The Borneo rainforest is 130 million years old, making it one of the oldest rainforests in the world. There are about 15,000 species offlowering plants with 3,000 species of trees (267 species are dipterocarps), 225 species of terrestrial mammals and 420 species of resident birds in Borneo. [3] There are about 440 freshwater fish species.

4 Sabah, Malaysia _ Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres separated by the South. Capital: Kuala Lumpur Population: million (2012) Official language: Malaysian language Sabah is one of the 13 member states of Malaysia, and is its easternmost state. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. Capital: Kota Kinabalu Population: million (2010) Area: 28,429 sq miles (73,631 km²)

5 Protection Area (PA) in Sabah 1. Sabah Parks _ 2. Department of Forestry 3. Department of Wildlife 4. Sabah Foundation (SF) 5. University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and NGOs source of expertise

6 ISSUES _ FRAGMENTATION

7 Issues -Fragmentation Forest Reserve Electric fence _ Forest Reserve Seeds cannot be dispersed Forest Reserve Wildlife cannot cross large drain

8 Issues - Quality of Forest _

9 Issues- Ecologically _ 5 ekar 10 ekar 5 ekar

10 _ Sabah Parks Long Term Action Plan

11 _ ECO-LINK COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH 1. Sabah Parks 2. Eco- Kinabalu Research Project (Kyoto University, Japan) 3. Global Diversity Foundation (GDF).

12 Tinompok Forest Reserve Kinabalu Park _ Bundu Tuhan CCA / Native Reserve Crocker Range Park

13 Comprehensive field surveys _ Wildlife survey Fauna / flora survey Community survey Community mapping Village infrastructure survey Land ownership Road permeability Tourism resources survey Agriculture survey

14 Wildlife Survey _

15 Community Survey _ communities with approx. 11,000 inhabitants 2. Dusun ethnic group, predominantly Christian with a smaller Muslim population in the south 3. Majority of the population depend on subsistence activities (agriculture and harvesting forest resources) 4. Most communities have basic infrastructure i.e. main roads, electricity, water supply (gravity feed), community halls etc.

16 Dialogues with local communities Project Briefing / dialogue 6 March 2010 _ Project Briefing / dialogue 26 April 2010 Date Project Briefing / dialogue 27 April 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 27 April 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 20 May 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 23 May 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 24 May 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 25 May 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 13 June 2010 Project Briefing / dialogue 22 June 2010 Community Mapping workshop 3 August 2010 Community Mapping workshop 4 August 2010 Community Mapping workshop 5 August 2010 Community Mapping workshop 21 August 2010 Community Mapping workshop 22 August 2010 Community Mapping workshop 28 August 2010 Community Mapping workshop 29 August 2010 Dialogue on CCA 11 February 2011 Dialogue on CCA 13 February 2011 Dialogue on CCA 15 February 2011 Dialogue on CCA 20 February 2011 Dialogue on CCA 20 February 2011 Community Study Visit 4 to 7 April 2011

17 _ Challenges in maintaining connectivity and sustaining biodiversity

18 CHALLENGES _ Large number of traditional villages. Agriculture Expansion Hunting

19 CHALLENGES _ Forest Fires Road and Vehicular Traffic

20 CHALLENGES _ Lack of trust / goodwill Dissatisfaction of Kinabalu Park gazettement loss of customary land without economic benefits Fear of land grabs On-going dispute over Tinompok Forest Reserve Encroachment / illegal hunting by villagers

21 _ KINABALU ECO-LINK The Proposal

22 Basic Principles _ 1. No new parks or forest reserves shall be gazetted in this area 2. Village land and agricultural land shall not be disturbed 3. The local communities must be fully involved in the implementation and management 4. Land managed for the proposed ecological linkage should be secure in the long-term 5. Threats to biodiversity must be reduced

23 Meetings _ Technical Committee Meeting 1 16 June 2010 Steering Committee Meeting 1 30 July 2010 Technical Committee Meeting 2 1 Oct 2010 Steering Committee Meeting 2 2 Dec 2010 Technical Committee Meeting 3 16 Feb 2011 Stakeholder workshop 1 2 Nov 2010 Stakeholder workshop 2 3 Nov 2010 Stakeholder workshop 3 25 Nov 2011 Stakeholder workshop 4 21 Feb 2011 Stakeholder workshop 5 22 Feb 2011 Stakeholder workshop 6 20 April 2011 Meetings with government agencies: Sabah Biodiversity Centre, Lands & Surveys Department, District Offices, etc)

24 Criteria Land Use for Area Linkage (Ha.) Delineation % Forest Existing forest 5,886.8 cover 76.5 Agriculture 1, Contiguity of forest cover Rubber Land Ownership Settlements TOTAL Topographic boundaries 7, Village boundaries _ KNP CRP

25 Primary Areas The primary area will be strictly protected; hunting will be prohibited and only limited resource utilization shall be allowed. Secondary Areas The secondary areas shall be managed as zones for sustainable resource utilization, and for ecotourism and related activities. _

26 Method of Implementation Community Conserved Areas _ The connecting areas will be protected as a Community Conserved Area and managed by the local community. Legal Framework: Native Reserves Section 78 of the Land Ordinance - Common use areas can be gazetted as Native Reserves in the interest and benefits of a particular community. State retains ownership of the reserve, but its use and management lies within the local community. Each Native Reserve will have its own Trustees Similar model already exists in Kg. Bundu Tuhan

27 Overall plan A corridor with multiple custodians 2 TPA managed by Sabah Parks 1 FR managed by SFD A network of 9 CCA - managed by local communities with technical support from the government Enablers 1. Enhancing income 2. Improving sense of ownership (land) 3. Controlling hunting 4. Strengthening community s capacity 5. Strengthening govt agencies capacity 6. Enhancing goodwill among partners 7. Improving road permeability

28 _ Strategies

29 Nine Strategies _ 1. Establishment of CCAs 2. Establishment of the Institutional Framework 3. Restoration of Habitats & Enhancing Connectivity 4. Protection of Wildlife 5. Improving Agriculture 6. Enhancing Tourism 7. Capacity Building for Local Communities 8. Capacity Building for Implementing Agencies 9. Government - Community Engagement Programme

30 1. Establishment of CCAs _ Initiate the survey, application and gazettment of the CCAs Establish the Board of Trustees for each CCA Develop management plans for CCAs 2. Institutional Framework Establish the Special Unit at Sabah Parks (Statistician Unit) Establish the technical committee(s) Establish the management committee

31 _ CCA day-to-day management structure example Trustees : Village head, village elders + DO Technical Support Based at Sabah Parks

32 Proposed Governance Framework Kinabalu Tech Advisory Committee 1 Tech Advisory Committee 2 ECO-LINC Management Committee Core project team based at Sabah Parks CCA4 Trustee CCA1 Trustee CCA5 Trustee CCA2 Trustee CCA6 Trustee CCA3 Trustee CCA7 Trustee KNP Mngmnt Team CRP Mngmnt Team Tinompok FR Mngmnt Team

33 3. Restoration of habitats _ Reforest degraded areas through community-based treeplanting programmes Guidelines for plant conservation and habitat management Spatial plans for the establishment of buffers and the zoning of agricultural activities

34 4. Protection of Wildlife _ Establish the Honorary Wildlife Warden programme Implement a community-based wildlife monitoring programme Implement a road upgrade programme to increase permeability of the Federal Road A4 Establish an office of the Wildlife Department in Kundasang or Ranau Guidelines on wildlife protection and management Establishment of hunting reserves and sustainable hunting programmes

35 Improving Road Permeability Short -term Long-term _ Enlarging culvert

36 5. Improving Agriculture Rationalize crop production to capitalize on higher economic gains _ Research and develop new crops types (including resilient indigenous varieties) Develop complimentary agriculture-based industries (including downstream processing) Utilize existing complimentary government schemes for agricultural development Implement training programme on sustainable agriculture 6. Enhancing Tourism Documentation of cultural resources Upgrade infrastructure and facilities for tourism Promotion and marketing activities for tourism in the region Training programme on community-based tourism

37 4. Capacity Building for Local Communities _ Training programme on land use planning and management Training programme on species conservation Training programme on sustainable agriculture Training programme on communitybased tourism

38 8. Capacity Building for Govt agencies _ Training on ecosystem approaches and integrated protected area management Training on ethno-ecological and community-based conservation approaches Training on participatory action research Training on inter-personal capacity development, example: Statistic analysis skill, networking program.

39 _ Summary 1. The Kinabalu ECO-LINK is a unique landscape. 2 TPAs. 1 Class I FR. 9 CCAs. Visionary. Protecting Sabah s heritage. 2. The CCA model has be proven to be effective in Sabah (e.g. Bundu Tuhan) KINABALU ECO-LINK conserving Sabah s heritage, empowering indigenous communities 3. Sabah Parks is not going to take anybody s land 4. The Kinabalu ECO-LINK can only succeed if there are concurrent efforts to address the enablers / supporting programmes.

40 _ KINABALU ECO-LINC conserving Sabah s heritage, empowering indigenous communities Summary 5. Establishing 9 CCAs and building capacity is a major task. Let s START SMALL. Start with Kiau Nuluh, Kiau Taburi and Toboh- Tinatasan first. 6. We need to work harder at building goodwill between local communities and govt agencies. Without the support of local communities, the Kinabalu ECO-LINK cannot succeed. 7. This project falls within the scope of many international funds and grants. Can be easily funded.

41 Summary _ KINABALU ECO-LINC conserving Sabah s heritage, empowering indigenous communities 8. Successfully implemented, Kinabalu ECO- LINK can be Sabah s showcase to the world. A good model for retaining forest connectivity A good model of empowering local communities in natural resources management. 9. Establish Data Bank 10. Big Data compiled will be digitalized for statically analysis and modeling structure visualization

42 _ Thank you KINABALU ECO-LINK Kinabalu ECOlogical Linkage (conserving Sabah s heritage, empowering INdigenous Communities)