Mushrooms are an agroforestry crop
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1 Mushroom Cultivation Steve Gabriel: forest farmer, extension aide Mushrooms are an agroforestry crop 1
2 Temperate Agroforestry Practices Forest Farming Alley Cropping Riparian Buffers Windbreaks Silvopasture tirnasaor.com Forest Gardening Medicinals Mushrooms Forest Farming is the cultivation of non-timber forest crops underneath the canopy of an existing forest. Nuts Fruits Ornamentals Forest Farming 2
3 Non-timber Forest Products Cultivation Wildcrafting Why Grow Mushrooms as a Forest Farming Crop? $200-$300 / lb. $12-$16 / lb. Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) 3
4 Because 1 year to 1 st harvest ½ - 1 lb/flush, 2-3 times per season for 3-4 years 8 years to 1 st harvest single harvest per year No repeat harvest Why Log-grown Shiitake? $16 / lb. 4
5 Health & Nutrition From a Farmer Standpoint Low initial investment ($3 5 per log) High return ($50 60 per log) Use of unproductive space High demand ($16 25/lb fresh) Niche crop 5
6 Mushrooms and Forestry: Thinning small diameter stands (Sugar Maple) Undesirable tree species for timber (Beech) Low value wood thinning (Poplar, Cottonwood) General byproduct of Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) Mushrooms as a surplus of forest health 6
7 Mushroom biology Mushroom Life Cycle 7
8 If In Doubt then play It Safe Shiitake White Spore print Brown Spore print Galerina spp. 8
9 Domesticating A Fungus (Lion s Mane) Wild Cultivated Classes of Mushrooms 9
10 Mycorrhizal Mushrooms Nearly impossible to cultivate Morels Porchini Chanterelle Truffle 10
11 Part of nature s web cas.vanderbilt.edu Allaboutbirds.com Douglas Fir Mycorrhizal Fungi N Flying Squirrel Spotted Owl Pill of Symbiosis -- The Redesigned Forest Saprophytes eat DEAD stuff. 11
12 Button / Crimini / Portabello Agaricus bisporis 12
13 Almond Agaricus in Compost Parasitic Mushrooms: Cordyceps 13
14 Semi - Parasitic Mushrooms: Chaga Paul Stamets + Huffington Post + Chaga Cultivation of Forest Mushrooms 14
15 1. Substrate Acquisition 2. Inoculation 3. Colonization 4. Harvesting 5. Marketing Log Inoculation: Shiitake 15
16 Shiitake Lentinula edodes - Fresh Logs (less than 3 months old) in diameter long - Oak, Sugar Maple, Beech, Hornbeam 16
17 Step 1: Drill Holes Corded Drill BIT SIZE: 7/16 or 12mm (Sawdust) 5/16 (Dowels) Angle Grinder Step 2: Insert Spawn (Sawdust) 17
18 Step 2: Insert Spawn (Dowels) Step 3: Wax 18
19 Step 4: Wait! (Spawn Run) Characteristics of a Good Laying Yard Shade (conifer) Slope Water Access 19
20 Stacking Logs High A-frame Rick (Crib) Stack Low A-frame Japanese Hillside Stack Step 5: Soak 20
21 Step 6: Harvest 21
22 Step 7: Rest (6-8 weeks) How many logs? One Meal = 8 logs, soak one/week (1/4 ½ lb) Family = 32 logs, soak 4/week (about 1lb) Small Biz = 500 logs, soak 125/week (40 50 lbs) 22
23 Budgeted: Income vs Expense Retail price ranges from $14/# to $16/# over time. Wholesale price averages about $7.99/# over time For more detail, refer to Handout entitled Shiitake Enterprise Budget & Analysis Retail Sales $0 $1744 $4098 $4229 Wholesale & Dried $0 $0 $600 $1959 Total Receipts $0 $1744 $4698 $6186 Supplies $442 $269 $309 $369 Labor $15/hr) $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Costs $390 $340 $380 $505 Fixed costs???????????? Total Expenses $832 $509 $689 $874 Net Profit (-$832) $1135 $4009 $5312 Budgeted: Income vs Expense w/ Labor Retail price ranges from $14/# to $16/# over time. Wholesale price averages about $7.99/# over time For more detail, refer to Handout entitled Shiitake Enterprise Budget & Analysis Retail Sales $0 $1744 $4098 $4229 Wholesale & Dried $0 $0 $600 $1959 Total Receipts $0 $1744 $4698 $6186 Supplies $442 $269 $309 $369 Labor $15/hr) $1005 $2084 $2384 $2684 Other Costs $390 $340 $380 $505 Fixed costs???????????? Total Expenses $1837 $2693 $3073 $3558 Net Profit (-$1837) (-$949) $1625 $
24 Totem Inoculation: Oyster & Lions Mane Oyster Pleurotus ostreatus Totem Toilet Paper 24
25 Mushroom Dry Weight 4/17/2013 Lion s Mane (monkey's head, bear's head, etc.) Hericium erinaceous, H. americanum Totem Are local Lion s Mane isolates better adapted to local ecosystem? FFP3 He 3 He 4 He 5 Isolate 25
26 Mushroom Fresh Weight / log (g) 4/17/2013 Lion s Mane Production on Beech Avg g/totem Avg g/fruiting Totem 50 0 FFP3 He 3 He 4 He 5 FFP3 He 3 He 4 He 5 Spring Fall Totem Method - Fresh Logs (less than 3 months old) in diameter - 2 long (cut into 1 sections) - Beech, Aspen, Cottonwood,??? 26
27 27
28 Stump/Wedge Method 28
29 Rodney s Pot of Gold(en Oysters) $500/3yrs Bed Inoculation: Stropharia 29
30 Wine Cap Stropharia Stropharia-rugosoannulata Ari Rockland-Miller Oyster Layering Stropharia WOODCHIPS/STRAW SPAWN SAWDUST BARE GROUND 30
31 Great in the Garden Recommended Resources 31
32 Factsheets Events Listserv 32
33 Publication in Spring 2014 Questions? Steve Gabriel Cornell Dept of Horticulture
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