2013 Cannon Envirothon Forestry Test 2 nd Draft - 9/12 55 questions 100 points

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1 2013 Cannon Envirothon Forestry Test 2 nd Draft - 9/12 55 questions 100 points 1. What is the name of a group of beneficial fungi that grows in association with tree roots aiding in nutrient uptake? Mycorrhizae, Tree Physiology, (Pg.1) 2. Using the map provided, match the following 4 growing conditions to the appropriate forest type on your answer sheet. 1. Warm Dry (4pt) Answers(s): A. Dry Montane Forests 2. Warm Moist B. Moist Montane Forests 3. Cool Moist C. Lower subalpine Forests 4. Cold Moist D. Upper Subalpine Forests, N. Rockies Forest types (Pg.2) 3. What term identifies that portion of the sapwood responsible for water transport in a tree? 4. List three zones in a tree where growth occurs. (3pt) Answer:. 5. The term used to describe the branching of leaves from the stem is when the leaves are as in picture A, and when they are staggered, not directly across the stem from one another as in picture B. A. B. 6. What is the term used to describe the staining on the sample tree cross section? What does this staining tell you about what may have happened to this tree?

2 (2 pt) Answer: 7. The Mountain pine beetle, responsible for killing pines in the Rocky Mountains states, are. A. an Introduced species from Northern Europe; B. a native species; C. released to suppress other more damaging insects; D. Escaped from research facilities. 8. What is the common name for the introduced disease affecting 5-needled pines, specifically threatening the existence of white bark pine, in the Northern Rockies? (2 pt) Answer: 9. What are 2 silvicultural treatments that may reduce mortality from mountain pine beetles when applied prior to an outbreak, at a stand or landscape scale? (2pt) Answer, 10. Which of the following symptoms are signs of a mountain pine beetle attack? A. Scattered, individual limbs dying around the crown B. Popcorn-shaped resin masses called pitch tubes. C. Very top of the tree dies while the bottom of the crown remains green. D. Boring dust in the crevices of the bark and the base of the tree. (2 pt) Answer: B and D, 11. What are 2 non-silvicultural treatments that may be appropriate to reduce mortality from mountain pine beetles in a campground or urban setting? (2pt) Answer, 12. In the sample provided, what is the term for the tunnels created by feeding larvae and adult bark beetles? In which part (tissue layer) of the tree are they located? (2pt) Answer 13. What is the term used to describe the boundary where two different plant communities meet. a) Fence line b) Property line c) Edge d) Eco-zone c-edge, 14. Thinning removes weak or suppressed trees and creates for the remaining healthy trees. a) Many opportunities b) Growing space c) Woody debris d) Outer space

3 15. Snags and den trees are important to many species of wildlife, especially. a) Yogi and Boo Boo b) Raptors c) Empty-nesters d) Cavity-nesters 16. A tree ring is formed annually and is composed of two bands of cells called wood and wood. 17. What is the term used to describe this specific type of damage on this tree sample? 18. Certain species of conifers produce cones that rely on heat from fire to open the cones and release seeds. a) Pine b) Spruce c) Resinous d) Serotinous d serotinous, What are the three essential elements required to allow a fire to burn. (3pt) Answer: 20. A wildfire burns out of control as a result of an accident or an unplanned natural event. What is the term used for a fire that is ignited and managed by trained personnel within predetermined fuel and weather conditions? 21. List three abiotic factors that shape a forest ecosystem. (3pt) Answer: 22. Tree crown class describes the position of a tree relative to neighboring trees in the forest. Name the crown class for each of trees A, B, and C in the following diagram.

4 (3pt) Answer: A=Dominant, B=codominant, C=suppressed, PNW184, (p4,5) 23. Which of the following harvest practices removes all suppressed, most intermediate, many codominants, and even some dominant trees leaving the remaining stand with uniformly spaced dominate and codominant trees. a) Clearcut harvest b) Salvage harvest c) Low thinning d) High thinning 24. What would be an appropriate silvicultural system to regenerate ponderosa pine forests while maintaining age diversity within the stand? 25. List two regeneration methods used in even-age management. (2pt) Answer, 26. Using a clinometer, measure the slope of the terrain between points C and D. (2pt) Answer 27. Use the plant key to identify tree A. 28. Use appropriate tool(s) to measure and record the height of tree A in either feet or meters. (2pt)Answer:

5 29. Use the appropriate tool(s) to measure stand density at point B. Give your answer in square feet per acre or in square meters per hectare. (2pt) Answer 30. With what practice did Native Americans significantly influence the forest landscape? 31. What is the urban-wildland interface and how does it influence forest management decisions? 32. Explain 2 uses for a Geographic Information System (GIS) system in forestry. 33. What is the primary tool used to collect location data that can be downloaded into a GIS? (1pt) Answer 34. Explain two advantages of a cut-to-length harvesting system over older harvesting methods. (2pt) 35. A stand of trees characterized as even-aged will display some variation in tree ages. How much variation in age is accepted for a stand classified as even-aged? 36. An even-aged, unmanaged stand may contain trees of different sizes. Which of the following best describes the typical relationship between age, tree size and growth rate? A) Many large, fast growing trees with a few younger smaller trees. B) Many small, slower growing trees with fewer larger, faster growing trees of the same age C) All trees generally the same size but growing at different rates D) Trees of the same size and growing at the same rate E) All of the above are common 37. In planning a silvicultural treatment, a resource inventory is necessary. List 3 important resource items to be mapped or inventoried other than the timber resource. (3pt) Answer: 38. Ponderosa pine forests evolved with periodic disturbances such as wildfire. How has the suppression of wildfires changed stand structure in these forests? (2pt)

6 39. Ecosystem composition, structure and process (function) are the 3 components used to define ecological sustainability. For a ponderosa pine forest, list 1 issue or potential threat to sustainability for each of these three elements. (3pt) Answer: 40. Injury to conifers may occur during a thinning operation. What period or season should be avoided to minimize this risk? (1pt) Answer 41. Occasionally, after a thinning harvest, trees may grow at the same rate or decrease their growth rate. This undesirable effect is called. 42. List 2 negative consequences that could potentially result after thinning a pine stand in the spring or early summer. and. 43. List two ecosystem services produced by trees. 44. List two threats to trees in the urban environment. (2 pt) 45. Name 2 products distilled from hardwood trees. (2pt) Answer, 46. Name 2 products distilled from softwood trees. (2pt) Answer, 47. Trees remove CO2 from the atmosphere and produce oxygen. They also remove some harmful gaseous pollutants. Name 2 such pollutants. 48. Trees, particularly in an urban setting, have been shown to have beneficial psychological/social values. List two such benefits of urban forests/trees. (2 pt) Answer, 49. The carbon-related functions of trees/forests are described as storage and sequestration. Contrast these functions for large/old trees and young/fast growing trees. 50. Forests are continually gaining or loosing carbon. List 3 processes which increase or decrease the carbon being held in a forested ecosystem. (3pt) Answer: 51. The rate of carbon sequestration in a forest is proportional to growth rate. Explain what is necessary for sequestered carbon to fluctuate, but steadily increase as depicted in this graph.

7 ( 52. Deforestation has a significant impact on global CO2 emissions. The region where this most often occurs is: A) U.S. Pacific coastal rain forests; B) Boreal Forests of Northern Europe; C) Tropical Forests; D) Boreal Forests of North America 53. Non-reserved forest lands are forested areas outside parks or wilderness areas. About 75% of the non-reserved timberlands in Montana are in Federal ownership. What percentage of the logs entering Montana mills come from Federal ownership? A) 15% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% 54. View the sample of lumber from this western conifer(s) that is often used for wood flooring or structural applications because of strength and toughness. What is the name of this tree species? 55. Forested ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon. List 2 potentially negative consequences of aforestation in ecosystems that do not naturally support forests. (2pt) Answer:

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