Macon State College Tree Inventory and Management Plan 2009

Transcription

1 Macon State College Tree Inventory and Management Plan 2009 Inventoried & Prepared by: Patrick Anderson, ISA Board-Certified Master Arborist & Municipal Specialist, RCA #475 Ian Campbell, Arborist Representative Michael Sherwood, ISA Board-Certified Master Arborist & Municipal Specialist Bartlett Inventory Solutions by Funds for this project were provided by the Urban and Community Forestry Grant Program administered by the Georgia Forestry Commission. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA s TARGET Center at (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-A, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC or call (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

2 Macon State College Tree Inventory and Management Plan Table of Contents I. Executive Summary II. Introduction III. Inventory Objectives IV. Inventory Procedures V. Inventory Results and Recommendations i. Macon State Stand Dynamics ii. Macon State Tree Evaluation and Removal Recommendations iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Support Systems Protection Installation by VTSA and iv. Macon State Soil Management Recommendations v. Macon State Pest Management Recommendations vi. Macon State Conditions Observed vii. Macon State Storm Damage Plan viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Technical Reports MoniTor IPM Program Maintenance Pruning Program Root Collar Disorders Mulch Application Guidelines Tree Structure Evaluation ANSI A300 (Part 1)-2001 Pruning Glossary of Terms

3 I. Executive Summary Trees within Macon State College grounds were inventoried to assist in managing tree health and safety. 500 trees or tree groupings were identified of 40 different species. Trees inventoried were 6 inches at DBH or greater. The attributes that were collected include tree Latitude and Longitude, and a visual assessment of tree structure, health, and vigor. The documentation of these attributes will help in future management decisions relative to tree health, preservation and safety. Attribute collection for the tree inventory was conducted using a sub-meter accuracy GPSr device having an error in location not greater than 3 meters. Specific recommendations for the subject trees over the next 3-year period include: Removing 4 trees (1%) to eliminate potential hazards to eliminate trees in advanced stages of decline, or to improve habitat for desirable trees close by Pruning 363 trees (73%) for safety, health, structure, and appearance. Pruning will comply with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A300Z pruning standards for arboriculture Support system installation in 34 trees (7%) to reduce branch and crown failure potential Providing tree risk assessments for 29 trees (5%) to evaluate the impact of wood decay in stems and buttress roots that show potential for failure. Providing root collar excavations to 65 trees (13%). Buried root collars can contribute to a number of tree health problems, including girdling roots, basal cankers, masking root and lower stem decay, and predisposing trees to various insect and disease pests Implementing an integrated pest management program to monitor pests and diseases on the subject trees. Treatments are therapeutic and preventive. Treatment timing is based on pest life cycle. Implementing Bartlett s Root Invigoration Program (patented by the F.A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company) for trees affected by construction/ storm activities will improve soil density and promote new root growth, especially for high-value trees in disturbed areas Taking soil samples throughout the campus. Soil analysis provides information on the presence of soil nutrients, ph, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. Taking bulk density samples throughout the grounds to determine the amount of soil compaction. Implementing a storm damage plan for those trees affected by tornados in The plan will include pruning, soil, and pest management programs. 1

4 II. Introduction In the winter of 2009 Bartlett Tree Experts was retained to perform a tree inventory for the Macon State College in Macon, GA. The inventory included: Identifying the trees condition, health, and vigor (Trees were 6 inches and greater at DBH) Recommending hazard evaluations and removals of appropriate trees Recommending pruning, soil management, and pest management treatments to promote tree safety, health, and longevity Mapping the trees using Global Positioning Satellite Receiver (GPSr) hardware and Geographic Information System (GIS) software The following report contains the findings and recommendations of the tree inventory. The Bartlett Visual Tree Structure Analysis System ranks the relative degree of risk for prioritizing remedial treatments when managing large tree populations. Bartlett s system uses two criteria: Failure Potential and Consequence of Failure. Failure potential considers the severity of defect, architecture, site exposure and other biological and site factors that contribute to failure as observed from the ground. Consequence factors in size of the defective plant part, target value and frequency of use and potential for injury/loss should a failure occur as observed from the ground. Failure Potential(FP) Points Critical Risk - Failure imminent 10 < High Risk - Failure likely especially in storms 7-10 Moderate Risk Failure possible especially in severe storms 4-6 Low Risk Failure unlikely 1-3 Consequence of Failure(CoF) This criteria considers potential for injury/loss should a failure occur based on such factors as size of defective plant part, target value and frequency of use Severe Consequence High potential for injury/property loss 5 Moderate Consequence Moderate Potential for property loss, Low potential for injury 3-4 Low Consequence Low Potential for any loss 1-2 Total Visual Tree Structure Analysis = Failure Potential +Consequence of Failure 2

5 Total Visual Tree Structure Analysis(VTSA) Comments Critical Risk- Failure imminent; Personal injury and/or property damage inevitable High Risk- Failure likely especially during storms; Personal injury and/or property damage likely. 7-9 Moderate Risk-Failure unlikely, and/or high risk of failure and low risk of property damage/personal injury <7 Low Risk-Failure unlikely and low risk of property damage Pruning and structural support system procedures will reduce the risk of branch and leader failure to an acceptable level. It must be emphasized however, that all large trees pose a certain degree of inherent risk and this evaluation does not preclude all possibility of failure especially during severe storms. For those trees that the client considers hazardous and representing an immediate safety concern, we recommend placing a sign, tape, or other warning device near those trees until such time as the hazard can be remedied.. The material is presented in both printed and digital formats, and instructions for digital viewing follow: To view digital maps, install Arc Reader 9.3 from: When the web page opens, click on Download Now, and follow the prompts. After Arc Reader is installed, you can open the Macon State.pmf file (included on the disk) to see the information. On the disk, unzip the Macon State. zip file to your C-drive (C:\). It is important that you unzip the Macon State.zip file directly to your C-drive, or you will be unable to view the maps with ArcReader. After, the file has been unzipped, navigate to C:\ Macon State, and open the folder. Within the folder will be the Click here to open.pmf file. To view the entire spreadsheet of tree information for the site, open the Macon State.xls file. To view a digital copy of the Inventory/ Management Plan, open the Macon State College Tree Inventory and Management Plan 2009.pdf file. 3

6 III. Inventory Objectives Management objectives for the subject trees are as follow: Maximize immediate and long-term tree health and aesthetics through o integrated pest management o soil management o maintenance pruning Manage immediate and long-term risk associated with trees in high-use areas including use of o hazard pruning o required removals o tree structure evaluations IV. Inventory Procedures and Definitions The Bartlett BIS team completed the tree inventory using Trimble GeoXT GPSr hardware and ArgGIS 9.3 and Arborvue GIS software. The following tree attribute data were collected on site: Botanical Name/ Regional Common Name according to local ISA Chapter Tree Species List. Tree location based on GPS coordinate system Tag Number Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) Canopy Radius Age Class o Young - Established tree that has not been in the landscape for many years o Semi-mature - Established tree that has not yet reached full growth potential o Mature - A tree within its full growth potential o Over-mature - A tree that is declining or beginning to decline due to its age o New Planting - A tree that is not yet established Height Class o Small - <15' o Medium - 16' - 35' o Large - >35' 4

7 Condition Class o Dead o Poor - Most of the canopy is affected with die-back, undesirable leaf color, undesirable leaf size and undesirable new growth. Tree or parts of the tree are in the process of failure. o Fair - Parts of the canopy affected by undesirable leaf color, undesirable leaf size and undesirable new growth. Parts of the tree are likely to fail. o Good - Tree health and condition are acceptable. Root Zone Infringement (Based on dripline, estimate grayscape (man-made structures, such as sidewalks) impact on root zone) Infrastructure Interaction (Interaction between trees and grayscape that may cause an undesirable condition) of General Tree Work (Based upon a 3-year management plan). class recommendations take into consideration tree species, location value, age, and risk rating. o 1 o 2 o 3 Pruning o Clean - Selective pruning to remove one or more of the following parts: dead, diseased, and/or broken branches o Raise - Selective pruning to provide vertical clearance o Thin - Selective pruning to reduce density of live branches o Reduce - Selective pruning to reduce height or spread o Structure Selective pruning of live branches and stems to influence orientation, spacing, growth rate, strength of attachment, and ultimate size of branches and stems. Need for and inspection of existing cables and braces Need for and inspection of existing lightning protection Need for tree risk evaluations Tree removals Soil management recommendations Pest management recommendations 5

8 V. Inventory Results and Recommendations 6

9 Macon State College Tree Inventory, ± ,125 1,500 Feet 7

10 i Macon State Stand Dynamics The breakdown of tree condition follows (See Section IV, Inventory Procedures and Definitions, Condition Class for definitions): Quantity % of Total Good % Fair % Poor 25 5% The tree age classes represented follows (See Section IV, Inventory Procedures and Definitions, Age Class for definitions): Quantity % of Total Mature % Semi-Mature 91 18% Young 37 7% Tree Diameter Distribution at Breast Height (DBH) in Inches 8

11 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees by Condition Class ± Good Fair Poor ,125 1,500 Feet 9

12 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees by Age Class 280 q 281 q 279 q 310 q q q qq 309 q q307 q q q q q qq qq qq q q q q q qq q q 289 q q q q 500 q 493 q 491 q 489 q 315 q q 314 q qqq ± 487 qq q q q q q q q q qq 389 q q q q q qq 452 qq qq q qqq q q q q q q qq q q qq 364 qq qqq qq 243 q q qq qq q q qq q q q q qq qq q q q qq q q q q q q q q 441 q q qqqq qq q qq q 449 q q qq q 196 qq q q q qq q 200 q 328 q q q 198 q 204 qq 169 q q q qq qq q q q q q q qq qq q q qqq q qq q qqq q 211 q q q 155 q q q qqq 226 q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q qq q qqq qq q q q qq q qqq qqq q q1 34 qqqqq qqq q q q qq q q q96 q 56 q q q q97 72 q q q q 20 qq q70 69 qq q q q qq q q q qq qq 117 q 19 q q qqqqq q qqq q qqq qq q qq q qq qq q q q q q q 45 q Mature 39 q 46q47 q q q q 49 q Semi-Mature qq q qq q Young ,125 1,500 Feet 10

13 i Macon State Stand Dynamics Genus Species Common Count Percentage Distribution Total Acer buergerianum trident maple rubrum red maple Acer Total 2.20 Betula nigra river birch Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam Carya illinonensis pecan tomentosa mockernut hickory Carya Total 7.40 Celtis occidentalis hackberry Cercis canadensis American redbud Chionanthus retusus Chinese fringe tree Cornus florida flowering dogwood Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Ilex opaca American holly x attenuata Hybrids Ilex Total 0.80 Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum Liriodendron tulipifera yellow poplar Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia virginiana sweetbay Magnolia Total 5.00 Nyssa ogeche Ogeche tupalo sylvatica blackgum Nyssa Total 3.40 Pinus teada loblolly pine virginiana Virginia pine Pinus Total Prunus spp cherry/ plum spp Pyrus calleryana callery pear Bradford Quercus accutissima sawtooth oak acuta Japanese evergreen oak alba white oak coccinea scarlet oak falcata southern red oak macrocarpa bur oak nigra water oak palustrus pin oak

14 i Macon State Stand Dynamics Genus Species Common Count Percentage Distribution Total phellos willow oak robur English oak stellata post oak virginiana live oak Quercus Total Taxodium distichum common baldcypress sempervirens Pond cypress Taxodium Total 2.80 Ulmus alata winged elm parvifolia Chinese elm Ulmus Total

15 i Macon State Stand Dynamics As part of the Bartlett inventory process and using ArborVue software, we have included an estimated value for each tree and cumulative total for all trees inventoried. The estimated value is calculated using a modified form* of the Trunk Formula Method published by the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers in The Guide for Plant Appraisal, 9 th edition. The figures are good estimates of tree values but should not be used in lieu of a formal tree appraisal where precise assessments are required. ArborVue software uses the following data fields in this formula: Estimated Value: Size: Species Factor: Condition Factor: Location Value: Size * Species Factor * Condition Factor * Location Value Based on tree diameter at breast height in inches (DBH = diameter at 4.5 feet) The relative species desirability based on 100 percent for the tree in that geographical location. In most cases, species desirability ratings, published by the International Society of Arboriculture, are used for adjustment. A rating of the tree s structure and health based on 100 percent An average rating for the site and the tree s contribution and placement, based on 100 percent *The modified Trunk Formula Method used does not consider cost of purchase and installation of the largest available like tree. The cumulative total value for all trees inventoried is: $2,138,661 The following table lists the 10 trees with the highest estimated values: Tree ID Common Diameter Estimated Value 371 sweetgum 53 $30, live oak 45 $30, water oak 40 $27, pecan 46 $27, sweetgum 32 $20, southern red oak 40 $19, live oak 33 $18, live oak 32 $17, loblolly pine 30 $16, live oak 30 $15,751 13

16 ii. Macon State Tree Evaluation and Removal Recommendations As part of this inventory, the Bartlett BIS team conducted visual inspection of each tree from the ground. For the trees listed below, some aspect of tree structure or health indicated that further analysis is necessary to more completely evaluate tree condition and risk, and to make a more informed decision about managing each tree. Tree structure evaluations are recommended to evaluate impact of wood decay in stems and buttress roots that show potential for failure. Detailed tree structure evaluation may require climbing the tree, and using diagnostic tools to more thoroughly determine the nature and extent of defects and decay. Evaluation may also require detailed examination of the root system using air excavation. An experienced ISA Certified Arborist using a tree structure drill bit or IML resistograph (preferred method) can evaluate degree of strength loss due to wood decay. Recommendations for tree maintenance are made after evaluation is complete. (Refer to Tree Structure Evaluation Technical Report) Tree ID Common Diameter Evaluation Type 17 Virginia pine 25 Drill Stem 33 loblolly pine 13 Drill Stem 58 loblolly pine 12 Drill Stem 64 English oak 14 Drill Root Flare 102 red maple 23 Drill Stem 104 post oak 14 Drill Root Flare 124 loblolly pine 15 Drill Stem 129 loblolly pine 17 Drill Root Flare 130 loblolly pine 15 Drill Root Flare 132 loblolly pine 17 Drill Root Flare 137 loblolly pine 19 Drill Root Flare 226 winged elm 18 Climbing/Drill 237 blackgum 17 Drill Stem 256 loblolly pine 20 Drill Stem 265 loblolly pine 15 Drill Stem Tree ID Common Diameter Evaluation Type 267 loblolly pine 18 Drill Stem 271 loblolly pine 13 Drill Stem 275 loblolly pine 16 Drill Stem 291 pecan 26 Drill Stem 301 pecan 19 Drill Root Flare 303 pecan 23 Drill Root Flare 314 water oak 40 Drill Stem 320 willow oak 18 Drill Stem 362 sweetgum 12 Drill Root Flare 367 sweetgum 12 Drill Stem 370 yellowpoplar 11 Drill Stem 374 sweetbay 17 Drill Root Flare 400 loblolly pine 20 Drill Stem 485 loblolly pine 18 Drill Root Flare Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW Total Risk Rating 34 southern red oak 14 REMOVAL red maple 9 REMOVAL sweetgum 15 REMOVAL blackgum 18 REMOVAL 3 14

17 ii. Macon State Tree Evaluation and Removal Recommendations Tree ID 248 for removal Tree ID 226 Winged Elm for evaluation (Notice cavity and crack in stem) 15

18 ii. Macon State Tree Evaluation and Removal Recommendations Tree ID 265 Pine for evaluation 16

19 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees Recommended for Structure Evaluation 314! d 303!! d 291 d!d 301 ± 485! d ! d! d 367!! d!d d 237! d 226! d 320! d 267!!! d!d d ! d 137 d!! d 102 d !! d ! d!d 130 d ! d! d 58 d ! d ,125 1,500 Feet 17

20 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees Recommended for Removal ± 471 ÑÕ 248 ÑÕ 112 ÑÕ ÑÕ ,125 1,500 Feet 18

21 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support Systems by VTSA and Acceptable Pruning Practices (Refer to ANSI A300 (Part 1)-2001 Pruning and Section IV Procedures of this document for definitions of pruning and priority): o Clean - Selective pruning to remove one or more of the following parts: dead diseased and/or broken branches o Raise - Selectively pruning to provide vertical clearance 19

22 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support Systems by VTSA and o Thin - Selective pruning to reduce density of live branches o Reduce - Selective pruning to reduce height or spread 20

23 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support Systems by VTSA and o Structure Selective pruning of live branches and stems to influence orientation, spacing, growth rate, strength of attachment, and ultimate size of branches and stems. Pruning practices that are not accepted and can yield to hazardous conditions include: o Lion tailing Pruning that removes interior branches along the stem and scaffold branches o Topping Reduction of tree s size by using heading cuts that shorten branches to a predetermined size. o Using climbing spikes to ascend a healthy tree in not an acceptable pruning practice. Doing this wounds healthy stem tissue, this may lead to infection by fungal pathogens 21

24 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW Total Risk Rating 244 sweetgum 18 CLEAN southern red oak 40 CLEAN willow oak 16 CLEAN English oak 11 CLEAN loblolly pine 20 CLEAN river birch 15 CLEAN river birch 8 CLEAN loblolly pine 20 CLEAN sweetgum 15 CLEAN live oak 18 CLEAN Hybrids 13 REDUCE Building 1 39 Hybrids 12 REDUCE Building 1 50 pin oak 24 RAISE Parking 1 85 loblolly pine 23 CLEAN 1 86 American holly 10 REDUCE Building 1 89 live oak 33 RAISE Building 1 89 live oak 33 CLEAN Building 1 90 live oak 19 CLEAN Building 1 90 live oak 19 RAISE Building pin oak 14 CLEAN Lighting pin oak 14 REDUCE Lighting 1 15 red maple 26 CABLE NEW 2 15 red maple 26 STRUCTURE 2 15 red maple 26 CLEAN 2 38 live oak 15 REDUCE 2 44 American holly 8 REDUCE Building 2 76 flowering dogwood 8 STRUCTURE Building 2 76 flowering dogwood 8 REDUCE Building 2 92 post oak 11 REDUCE Building 2 92 post oak 11 CLEAN Building 2 96 river birch 19 STRUCTURE Building 2 96 river birch 19 CABLE NEW Building 2 96 river birch 19 CLEAN Building 2 97 river birch 22 CLEAN 2 97 river birch 22 CABLE NEW 2 22

25 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 97 river birch 22 STRUCTURE river birch 21 REDUCE Building river birch 21 STRUCTURE Building river birch 21 CLEAN Building river birch 21 CABLE NEW Building live oak 15 RAISE Parking live oak 15 CLEAN Parking loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 14 CABLE NEW 2 1 live oak 18 RAISE Parking 3 1 live oak 18 CLEAN Parking 3 2 loblolly pine 12 STRUCTURE 3 3 live oak 13 RAISE Parking 3 4 live oak 17 REDUCE Parking 3 4 live oak 17 RAISE Parking 3 4 live oak 17 CLEAN Parking 3 5 live oak 13 RAISE Parking 3 6 live oak 10 RAISE Parking 3 6 live oak 10 THIN Parking 3 7 live oak 14 RAISE Parking 3 8 live oak 13 RAISE Parking 3 8 live oak 13 THIN Parking 3 9 live oak 18 RAISE Parking 3 9 live oak 18 THIN Parking 3 10 live oak 9 STRUCTURE 3 11 live oak 15 THIN Parking 3 11 live oak 15 RAISE Parking 3 12 live oak 13 THIN Sidewalk 3 12 live oak 13 RAISE Sidewalk 3 12 live oak 13 THIN Parking 3 12 live oak 13 RAISE Parking 3 13 eastern redcedar 11 REDUCE 3 14 cherry/ plum spp 14 STRUCTURE 3 16 loblolly pine 24 CLEAN 3 16 loblolly pine 24 REDUCE 3 17 Virginia pine 25 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 23

26 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 18 loblolly pine 19 CLEAN 3 19 loblolly pine 13 CLEAN 3 21 loblolly pine 21 CLEAN 3 22 live oak 12 RAISE 3 22 live oak 12 THIN 3 23 live oak 17 THIN Parking 3 23 live oak 17 REDUCE Parking 3 24 live oak 11 RAISE 3 24 live oak 11 THIN 3 25 live oak 14 RAISE Parking 3 25 live oak 14 THIN Parking 3 26 live oak 14 THIN Parking 3 26 live oak 14 RAISE Parking 3 26 live oak 14 CLEAN Parking 3 27 live oak 13 RAISE Parking 3 27 live oak 13 CLEAN Parking 3 27 live oak 13 THIN Parking 3 28 live oak 12 RAISE 3 28 live oak 12 THIN 3 29 pin oak 9 STRUCTURE 3 30 pin oak 11 STRUCTURE 3 31 loblolly pine 13 CLEAN 3 32 loblolly pine 14 CLEAN 3 35 live oak 21 THIN 3 37 live oak 14 CLEAN 3 37 live oak 14 THIN 3 40 loblolly pine 16 CLEAN 3 41 Southern magnolia 14 REDUCE Sidewalk 3 42 Southern magnolia 24 REDUCE 3 45 loblolly pine 18 CLEAN 3 46 white oak 13 STRUCTURE 3 47 hackberry 13 STRUCTURE 3 49 loblolly pine 14 CLEAN 3 54 post oak 9 STRUCTURE 3 56 loblolly pine 6 STRUCTURE 3 57 loblolly pine 10 CLEAN 3 67 post oak 9 CLEAN 3 68 post oak 13 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 24

27 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 68 post oak 13 STRUCTURE 3 69 cherry/ plum spp 6 CLEAN 3 69 cherry/ plum spp 6 STRUCTURE 3 72 loblolly pine 20 CLEAN 3 73 cherry/ plum spp 18 STRUCTURE 3 73 cherry/ plum spp 18 REDUCE 3 73 cherry/ plum spp 18 CLEAN 3 74 cherry/ plum spp 14 RAISE Sidewalk 3 74 cherry/ plum spp 14 REDUCE Sidewalk 3 74 cherry/ plum spp 14 CLEAN Sidewalk 3 77 flowering dogwood 12 REDUCE Building 3 77 flowering dogwood 12 STRUCTURE Building 3 78 Southern magnolia 14 REDUCE Building 3 79 Southern magnolia 7 REDUCE Building 3 80 red maple 6 STRUCTURE 3 82 loblolly pine 13 CLEAN 3 83 loblolly pine 16 CLEAN 3 84 loblolly pine 13 CLEAN 3 93 post oak 15 CLEAN 3 95 pin oak 6 STRUCTURE 3 99 loblolly pine 16 CLEAN red maple 16 CLEAN red maple 16 STRUCTURE red maple 8 STRUCTURE Southern magnolia 28 CABLE NEW post oak 14 CLEAN post oak 11 CLEAN red maple 15 STRUCTURE red maple 20 STRUCTURE red maple 20 CLEAN cherry/ plum spp 18 STRUCTURE Sidewalk cherry/ plum spp 18 RAISE Sidewalk cherry/ plum spp 18 CLEAN Sidewalk cherry/ plum spp 21 CLEAN cherry/ plum spp 21 RAISE cherry/ plum spp 21 STRUCTURE cherry/ plum spp 16 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 25

28 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 117 cherry/ plum spp 16 STRUCTURE sweetgum 15 CLEAN willow oak 20 CLEAN willow oak 24 CABLE NEW willow oak 24 CLEAN willow oak 25 CLEAN willow oak 21 CLEAN common baldcypress 7 CLEAN common baldcypress 12 CLEAN live oak 16 REDUCE Parking sawtooth oak 9 STRUCTURE sawtooth oak 11 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 16 CLEAN loblolly pine 12 CLEAN Virginia pine 11 CLEAN Parking southern red oak 6 STRUCTURE Virginia pine 12 CLEAN live oak 17 RAISE Parking Virginia pine 16 CLEAN Virginia pine 16 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 13 CLEAN willow oak 6 STRUCTURE willow oak 6 STRUCTURE Chinese elm 7 STRUCTURE Parking Chinese elm 7 RAISE Parking Chinese elm 10 RAISE Parking Chinese elm 10 STRUCTURE Parking sawtooth oak 9 STRUCTURE sawtooth oak 7 STRUCTURE bur oak 6 STRUCTURE willow oak 7 STRUCTURE willow oak 6 STRUCTURE live oak 15 CLEAN Parking live oak 15 RAISE Parking live oak 13 REDUCE Sidewalk live oak 13 REDUCE Drive 3 Total Risk Rating 26

29 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 185 live oak 28 THIN Japanese evergreen oak 188 Japanese evergreen oak 189 Japanese evergreen oak 189 Japanese evergreen oak 189 Japanese evergreen oak 189 Japanese evergreen oak 190 Japanese evergreen oak 190 Japanese evergreen oak 8 RAISE Sidewalk 3 8 CLEAN Sidewalk 3 8 REDUCE Lighting 3 8 CLEAN Lighting 3 8 CLEAN Sidewalk 3 8 REDUCE Sidewalk 3 7 CLEAN Sidewalk 3 7 REDUCE Sidewalk American hornbeam 6 STRUCTURE American hornbeam 7 STRUCTURE live oak 30 RAISE Parking live oak 30 CLEAN Parking willow oak 6 STRUCTURE willow oak 6 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 20 CLEAN willow oak 6 STRUCTURE willow oak 6 STRUCTURE sawtooth oak 9 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 15 CLEAN live oak 12 RAISE Parking live oak 16 RAISE Parking live oak 15 RAISE Parking live oak 15 RAISE Parking live oak 22 RAISE Parking live oak 22 CLEAN Parking live oak 18 RAISE Parking live oak 18 CLEAN Parking live oak 13 REDUCE Parking live oak 20 CLEAN Parking live oak 20 RAISE Parking live oak 16 CLEAN Parking 3 Total Risk Rating 27

30 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 211 live oak 16 RAISE Parking live oak 26 RAISE Parking live oak 26 CLEAN Parking pin oak 13 CLEAN live oak 18 RAISE Drive loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 12 CLEAN loblolly pine 12 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 11 CLEAN loblolly pine 13 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 13 CLEAN cherry/ plum spp 30 STRUCTURE river birch 27 STRUCTURE river birch 27 CABLE NEW cherry/ plum spp 21 STRUCTURE live oak 45 CABLE NEW live oak 45 CLEAN river birch 16 CABLE NEW river birch 16 STRUCTURE pin oak 9 STRUCTURE pin oak 6 STRUCTURE scarlet oak 8 STRUCTURE scarlet oak 9 STRUCTURE Ogeche tupalo 8 STRUCTURE American redbud 6 REDUCE Sidewalk American redbud 6 CLEAN Sidewalk trident maple 6 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 15 CLEAN willow oak 6 STRUCTURE blackgum 17 CABLE NEW blackgum 17 CLEAN loblolly pine 22 CLEAN sweetgum 13 CLEAN sweetgum 15 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 28

31 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 247 sweetgum 15 CLEAN water oak 13 STRUCTURE Overhead Lines water oak 13 REDUCE Overhead Lines loblolly pine 19 CLEAN loblolly pine 16 CLEAN loblolly pine 17 CLEAN loblolly pine 15 CLEAN loblolly pine 18 CLEAN loblolly pine 16 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 16 CLEAN white oak 9 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 16 CLEAN loblolly pine 16 CLEAN loblolly pine 15 CLEAN loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 6 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 19 CLEAN loblolly pine 16 CLEAN loblolly pine 18 CLEAN loblolly pine 15 CLEAN loblolly pine 17 CLEAN loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 20 CLEAN loblolly pine 18 CLEAN pecan 15 CLEAN pecan 22 CLEAN pecan 22 CABLE NEW pecan 24 CLEAN Overhead Lines pecan 23 CLEAN pecan 23 CABLE NEW pecan 26 CLEAN pecan 26 CABLE NEW pecan 19 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 29

32 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type 294 pecan 19 CABLE NEW Interaction Type GTW pecan 8 STRUCTURE pecan 8 STRUCTURE pecan 18 CABLE NEW pecan 18 CLEAN pecan 21 CLEAN pecan 21 CABLE NEW pecan 19 CLEAN pecan 19 CABLE NEW pecan 19 STRUCTURE pecan 23 CABLE NEW pecan 23 CLEAN pecan 22 CLEAN pecan 12 CLEAN pecan 21 CLEAN pecan 21 CABLE NEW pecan 15 CLEAN pecan 16 CLEAN pecan 16 CLEAN Overhead Lines willow oak 11 STRUCTURE willow oak 11 STRUCTURE willow oak 11 STRUCTURE water oak 40 CLEAN water oak 40 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 30 CLEAN willow oak 10 STRUCTURE willow oak 9 STRUCTURE willow oak 7 STRUCTURE live oak 32 CLEAN water oak 18 STRUCTURE willow oak 13 STRUCTURE willow oak 11 STRUCTURE 3 Total Risk Rating 30

33 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 325 water oak 12 CLEAN water oak 15 STRUCTURE water oak 8 STRUCTURE willow oak 12 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 10 CLEAN river birch 8 STRUCTURE river birch 20 CABLE NEW river birch 11 STRUCTURE river birch 16 CABLE NEW river birch 16 CLEAN river birch 16 THIN river birch 21 CABLE NEW river birch 15 CLEAN river birch 15 CABLE NEW 351 river birch 13 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 19 CLEAN loblolly pine 18 CLEAN loblolly pine 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 13 CLEAN loblolly pine 18 CLEAN sweetgum 53 CABLE NEW sweetgum 7 STRUCTURE river birch 16 CLEAN river birch 12 CLEAN river birch 12 CABLE NEW sweetgum 12 STRUCTURE green ash 6 STRUCTURE river birch 12 CLEAN river birch 14 CLEAN river birch 14 CABLE NEW river birch 8 CLEAN river birch 11 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 31

34 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 409 river birch 6 CLEAN sweetgum 13 CLEAN loblolly pine 20 CLEAN river birch 12 CLEAN river birch 13 CLEAN water oak 13 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 27 CLEAN loblolly pine 20 CLEAN loblolly pine 20 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 21 CLEAN common baldcypress 13 STRUCTURE blackgum 7 STRUCTURE sweetgum 13 CLEAN water oak 15 THIN water oak 15 CLEAN water oak 14 CLEAN loblolly pine 8 CLEAN loblolly pine 12 CLEAN sweetgum 11 CLEAN sweetgum 11 CLEAN sweetgum 11 CLEAN sweetgum 10 STRUCTURE sweetgum 10 CLEAN loblolly pine 7 CLEAN sweetgum 11 CLEAN sweetgum 10 CLEAN loblolly pine 19 CLEAN loblolly pine 9 CLEAN loblolly pine 12 CLEAN loblolly pine 13 CLEAN loblolly pine 12 CLEAN loblolly pine 7 CLEAN loblolly pine 7 CLEAN loblolly pine 23 CLEAN sweetgum 11 CLEAN loblolly pine 7 CLEAN loblolly pine 8 CLEAN 3 Total Risk Rating 32

35 iii. Macon State Trees Recommended for Pruning and Structural Support System by VTSA and Tree ID Common Diameter GTW Type Interaction Type GTW 465 loblolly pine 17 CLEAN loblolly pine 15 CLEAN water oak 16 CLEAN water oak 16 THIN loblolly pine 8 STRUCTURE loblolly pine 23 CABLE NEW loblolly pine 23 CLEAN water oak 21 CLEAN water oak 21 THIN water oak 14 CLEAN water oak 14 THIN 3 Total Risk Rating 33

36 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees by Class ± ,125 1,500 Feet 34

37 iv. Macon State Soil Management Recommendations Soil samples are recommended to determine what nutrients may be lacking in the soil, unfavorable soil ph values, and adequacy of soil organic matter. Following laboratory test results, we can implement a prescription fertilization program to balance soil chemistry and optimize conditions for plant growth. Proper mulching of all trees is recommended. Mulches provide many benefits for trees and shrubs. Benefits include; moderating soil, temperatures, reducing soil moisture loss, reducing soil compaction, providing nutrients, and improving soil structure. This results in more root growth and healthier plants. (Refer to Mulch Application Guidelines Technical Report) Bulk density is a measure of the level of soil compaction. This information can be used to diagnose problems, or to determine what size holes to dig for planting. Density analysis requires an undisturbed core sample. If soil density exceeds a measured threshold for a given soil type and tree species, Bartlett s Root Invigoration Program is recommended. Root collar excavations are recommended for those trees whose buttress roots are covered by excess soil or mulch. Buried root collars can contribute to tree health problems, including girdling roots, basal cankers, and masking root and lower stem decay. (Refer to Root Collar Disorder Technical Report) Mulch Volcano Buried Root Collar Recently Excavated Root Collar Bartlett s patented Root Invigoration Program aims to improve soil conditions by addressing soil compaction, and promoting new root growth, especially for high value trees in disturbed areas. The process includes taking soil samples to determine what nutrients are deficient, performing a root collar excavation, air-tilling a portion of the root zone to find fine roots, incorporating organic matter, prescription fertilization (based on soil sample), and proper mulching. The area of the root system treated can vary by tree. For the Root Invigoration Program to be successful, proper watering techniques must be employed after the process is complete. 35

38 iv. Macon State Soil Management Recommendations The following trees have chlorotic/ thin canopies. Soil samples/ fertilization is recommended. Tree ID Common Diameter 17 Virginia pine loblolly pine live oak loblolly pine loblolly pine Southern magnolia loblolly pine loblolly pine loblolly pine sweetgum loblolly pine loblolly pine loblolly pine pecan 19 Root collar excavations are recommended for the following trees: Tree ID Common Diameter 1 live oak 18 YES 2 loblolly pine 12 YES 3 live oak 13 YES 4 live oak 17 YES 5 live oak 13 YES 7 live oak 14 YES 8 live oak 13 YES 10 live oak 9 YES 11 live oak 15 YES 12 live oak 13 YES 18 loblolly pine 19 YES 19 loblolly pine 13 YES 21 loblolly pine 21 YES 22 live oak 12 YES 23 live oak 17 YES Root Collar Excavation? Tree ID Common Diameter 24 live oak 11 YES 26 live oak 14 YES 27 live oak 13 YES 28 live oak 12 YES 30 pin oak 11 YES 46 white oak 13 YES 54 post oak 9 YES 56 loblolly pine 6 YES 57 loblolly pine 10 YES 58 loblolly pine 12 YES 59 loblolly pine 9 YES 67 post oak 9 YES 75 Southern 15 YES magnolia 95 pin oak 6 YES 99 loblolly pine 16 YES 100 Southern 10 YES magnolia 115 cherry/ plum 18 YES spp 116 cherry/ plum 21 YES spp 127 loblolly pine 16 YES 140 Southern 8 YES magnolia 142 Southern 6 YES magnolia 146 mockernut 23 YES hickory 170 Virginia pine 16 YES 171 loblolly pine 13 YES 172 willow oak 6 YES 173 willow oak 6 YES 175 Chinese elm 10 YES 176 sawtooth oak 9 YES 177 sawtooth oak 7 YES Root Collar Excavation? 36

39 iv. Macon State Soil Management Recommendations Tree ID Common Diameter 178 live oak 15 YES 180 willow oak 7 YES 181 willow oak 6 YES 184 live oak 13 YES 195 willow oak 6 YES 198 loblolly pine 20 YES 199 willow oak 6 YES 201 sawtooth oak 9 YES 203 live oak 12 YES 205 live oak 15 YES 206 live oak 15 YES 207 live oak 22 YES 208 live oak 18 YES 209 live oak 13 YES 210 live oak 20 YES 211 live oak 16 YES 212 live oak 26 YES 237 blackgum 17 YES 297 pecan 8 YES 305 pecan 12 YES 448 sweetgum 11 YES Root Collar Excavation? 37

40 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees Recommended for Root Collar Excavation!.. 305! 297 ± 448!. 237!. 195!. 199!..! 203!.!.! !. 181!..! 175!.! !.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.! !. 201!.!.! !..!.!.!.!..! !!.!.!. 2 30!.!.!.!.!.!.! !.!.! ! !.!.!. 59!.!.!. 58! 95!. 146!.!..! !.!. 127!. 46! ,125 1,500 Feet 38

41 v. Macon State Pest Management Recommendations An Integrated Pest Management Program is recommended for trees within the Macon State property to monitor for potentially damaging insects, diseases and cultural problems that were not evident during the course of the inventory. These pests include but are not limited to: Anthracnose on a variety of species, especially flowering dogwood. Scab and Rust Fungi on apple, hawthorn, and serviceberry species. Powdery Mildew on a variety of species, especially flowering dogwood. Phythopthora Root Rot and Canker on a variety of tree species. Boring Insects on a variety of tree species, observed on Tree ID 450 loblolly pine. Caterpillar Defoliators on a variety of tree species, especially oak. Spidermites on a variety of tree species. Scale Insects on a variety of tree species, obscure scale observed on Tree ID 231 scarlett oak and Tree ID 424 blackgum. Bacterial Leaf Scorch on red oak family. 39

42 vi. Macon State Conditions Observed Tree ID Common Dia Condition 4 live oak 17 Storm damage 4 live oak 17 Co dominate stems 5 live oak 13 Co dominate stems 12 live oak 13 Girdling root 13 eastern redcedar 11 Storm damage 15 red maple 26 Poor branch structure 17 Virginia pine 25 Cavity(s) stem 17 Virginia pine 25 Uneven crown 18 loblolly pine 19 Uneven crown 19 loblolly pine 13 Uneven crown 20 Hybrids 13 Girdling root 23 live oak 17 Storm damage 24 live oak 11 Storm damage 24 live oak 11 Wounds(s) stem 28 live oak 12 Storm damage 33 loblolly pine 13 Wounds(s) stem 34 southern red oak 14 Storm damage 35 live oak 21 Storm damage 35 live oak 21 Wounds(s) stem 37 live oak 14 Topping/ heading cuts 40 loblolly pine 16 Uneven crown 43 Southern 13 Storm damage magnolia 46 white oak 13 Storm damage 48 southern red oak 27 Storm damage 50 pin oak 24 Storm damage 51 loblolly pine 13 poor canopy ratio 54 post oak 9 Wounds(s) stem 56 loblolly pine 6 Wounds(s) stem 57 loblolly pine 10 Uneven crown 58 loblolly pine 12 Wounds(s) stem 61 southern red oak 25 Storm damage 62 English oak 15 Storm damage 64 English oak 14 Cavity(s) root flare 64 English oak 14 Wounds(s) stem 66 post oak 13 Storm damage Tree ID Common Dia Condition 68 post oak 13 Storm damage 74 cherry/ plum spp 14 Wounds(s) stem 74 cherry/ plum spp 14 Cavity(s) stem 83 loblolly pine 16 Construction damge 83 loblolly pine 16 Wounds(s) stem 84 loblolly pine 13 Construction damge 87 loblolly pine 13 Uneven crown 91 post oak 13 Storm damage 94 blackgum 12 Storm damage 102 red maple 23 Co dominate stems 102 red maple 23 Cavity(s) stem 102 red maple 23 Storm damage 104 post oak 14 Cavity(s) root flare 109 post oak 11 Uneven crown 112 red maple 9 Cavity(s) stem 112 red maple 9 Conk/Mushroom 117 cherry/ plum spp 16 gumossis 117 cherry/ plum spp 16 Cavity(s) stem 124 loblolly pine 15 Wounds(s) stem 125 loblolly pine 16 Wounds(s) stem 129 loblolly pine 17 Cavity(s) root flare 130 loblolly pine 15 Soil heaving 133 willow oak 20 Storm damage 135 willow oak 25 Storm damage 135 willow oak 25 Wounds(s) stem 137 loblolly pine 19 Cavity(s) stem 147 willow oak 24 Storm damage 148 water oak 20 Storm damage 151 sawtooth oak 11 Wounds(s) stem 151 sawtooth oak 11 Storm damage 152 willow oak 16 Hanger(s) 153 water oak 16 Storm damage 159 pin oak 22 Wounds(s) stem 159 pin oak 22 Storm damage 162 willow oak 14 Girdling root 162 willow oak 14 Storm damage 40

43 vi. Macon State Conditions Observed Tree ID Common Dia Condition 163 willow oak 21 Storm damage 164 willow oak 16 Storm damage 170 Virginia pine 16 Co dominate stems 184 live oak 13 Wound(s) crown 186 southern red oak 24 Storm damage 189 Japanese 8 wet wood evergreen oak 190 Japanese 7 wet wood evergreen oak 196 pin oak 14 Storm damage 217 loblolly pine 14 Co dominate stems 221 loblolly pine 13 Wounds(s) stem 222 cherry/ plum spp 30 gumosis 224 cherry/ plum spp 21 gumosis 226 winged elm 18 Cavity(s) crown 226 winged elm 18 Crack(s) 232 Ogeche tupalo 8 Girdling root 234 trident maple 6 Girdling root 237 blackgum 17 Co dominate stems 237 blackgum 17 Storm damage 238 river birch 27 Storm damage 243 sweetgum 13 Wounds(s) stem 246 sweetgum 15 Co dominate stems 248 sweetgum 15 Cavity(s) root flare 254 loblolly pine 18 Uneven crown 255 loblolly pine 16 Co dominate stems 256 loblolly pine 20 Wounds(s) stem 257 white oak 9 Co dominate stems 258 loblolly pine 16 Wounds(s) stem 265 loblolly pine 15 Wounds(s) stem 267 loblolly pine 18 Wounds(s) stem 269 loblolly pine 15 Uneven crown 271 loblolly pine 13 Wounds(s) stem 272 loblolly pine 14 Uneven crown Tree ID Common Dia Condition 273 loblolly pine 15 Lean 274 loblolly pine 14 Cavity(s) root flare 275 loblolly pine 16 Cavity(s) stem 278 loblolly pine 10 poor shoot to crown 282 pecan 18 Storm damage 283 pecan 25 Storm damage 284 pecan 23 Storm damage 286 pecan 20 Storm damage 287 pecan 22 Storm damage 288 pecan 22 Storm damage 289 pecan 17 Storm damage 290 pecan 24 Cavity(s) stem 291 pecan 26 Cavity(s) stem 291 pecan 26 Crack(s) 295 pecan 19 Storm damage 296 pecan 15 Storm damage 297 pecan 8 Wounds(s) stem 298 pecan 8 Cavity(s) stem 301 pecan 19 Conk/Mushroom 303 pecan 23 Conk/Mushroom 307 pecan 15 Storm damage 309 pecan 16 Uneven crown 314 water oak 40 Conk/Mushroom 314 water oak 40 misltoe 316 willow oak 10 twine 317 willow oak 9 twine 318 willow oak 7 twine 319 live oak 32 Wounds(s) stem 319 live oak 32 Hanger(s) 320 willow oak 18 Cavity(s) stem 320 willow oak 18 Crack(s) 320 willow oak 18 misltoe 321 willow oak 18 Storm damage 321 willow oak 18 misltoe 332 river birch 15 Hanger(s) 334 river birch 16 Co dominate stems 336 river birch 8 Hanger(s) 41

44 vi. Macon State Conditions Observed Tree ID Common Dia Condition 341 blackgum 21 Storm damage 345 blackgum 16 Storm damage 353 loblolly pine 19 Wounds(s) stem 354 loblolly pine 18 Wounds(s) stem 358 sweetgum 17 Storm damage 360 red maple 20 Storm damage 362 sweetgum 12 Cavity(s) stem 363 yellow poplar 11 Storm damage 364 yellow poplar 13 Storm damage 367 sweetgum 12 Wounds(s) stem 370 yellow poplar 11 Cavity(s) stem 371 sweetgum 53 Storm damage 373 sweetgum 23 Storm damage 374 sweetbay 17 Cavity(s) root flare 374 sweetbay 17 Storm damage 375 blackgum 25 Storm damage 376 blackgum 16 Storm damage 379 sweetbay 15 Storm damage 381 blackgum 26 Storm damage 386 sweetgum 32 Storm damage 389 sweetbay 11 Lean 392 sweetgum 25 Girdling root 392 sweetgum 25 Storm damage 393 sweetgum 23 Wounds(s) stem 396 river birch 23 Cavity(s) stem 396 river birch 23 Lean 397 river birch 12 Lean 398 river birch 16 Lean 400 loblolly pine 20 Wounds(s) stem 400 loblolly pine 20 Uneven crown 403 sweetgum 24 Storm damage 404 river birch 12 Cavity(s) stem 405 river birch 14 Co dominate stems 406 river birch 11 Storm damage 411 loblolly pine 20 Uneven crown 414 river birch 14 Storm damage 415 water oak 13 Wounds(s) stem 416 loblolly pine 27 Wounds(s) stem Tree ID Common Dia Condition 418 blackgum 15 Storm damage 420 common 6 Storm damage baldcypress 422 common 6 Girdling root baldcypress 426 sweetgum 13 Wounds(s) stem 434 loblolly pine 8 Wounds(s) stem 435 loblolly pine 12 Uneven crown 436 loblolly pine 9 poor crown stem ratio 437 loblolly pine 10 poor crown stem ratio 441 sweetgum 12 Co dominate stems 447 sweetgum 10 Wounds(s) stem 448 sweetgum 11 Storm damage 449 sweetgum 12 Storm damage 450 loblolly pine 19 Wounds(s) stem 452 loblolly pine 12 Wounds(s) stem 453 loblolly pine 13 Wounds(s) stem 454 loblolly pine 12 Wounds(s) stem 455 sweetgum 7 Wounds(s) stem 458 loblolly pine 7 Wounds(s) stem 459 loblolly pine 7 Wounds(s) stem 463 loblolly pine 7 Wounds(s) stem 465 loblolly pine 17 Storm damage 469 sweetgum 12 Storm damage 470 blackgum 28 Storm damage 470 blackgum 28 Wounds(s) stem 471 blackgum 18 Storm damage 472 red maple 12 Storm damage 473 blackgum 14 Storm damage 479 loblolly pine 15 Wounds(s) stem 485 loblolly pine 18 Conk/Mushroom 486 loblolly pine 17 Wounds(s) stem 490 loblolly pine 15 Wounds(s) stem 492 live oak 28 Storm damage 492 live oak 28 Uneven crown 494 sweetgum 27 Storm damage 495 pecan 13 Storm damage 42

45 vii. Macon State Storm Damage Plan In 2008 the Macon State College Campus was struck by a series of tornados that felled and severely damaged a large percentage of the campus tree canopy. Broken and damaged limbs were headed back on trees left standing to mitigate potential hazards. A pruning program to restore the crowns is recommended. This is a multi-year process involving thinning and reduction of sprouts (see figure below). All pruning should be done by a qualified arborist. Restoring the trees health will be of primary concern. Bartlett s patented Root Invigoration Program aims to improve soil conditions by addressing soil compaction, and promoting new root growth, especially for high value trees in disturbed areas. The process includes taking soil samples to determine what nutrients are deficient, performing a root collar excavation, airtilling a portion of the root zone to find fine roots, incorporating organic matter, prescription fertilization (based on soil sample), and proper mulching. The area of the root system treated can vary by tree. For the Root Invigoration Program to be successful, proper watering techniques must be employed after the process is complete. Proper mulching of all trees is recommended. Mulches provide many benefits for trees and shrubs. Benefits include; moderating soil, temperatures, reducing soil moisture loss, reducing soil compaction, providing nutrients, and improving soil structure. This results in more root growth and healthier plants. (Refer to Mulch Application Guidelines Technical Report) 43

46 vii. Macon State Storm Damage Plan Finally, a program of scheduled inspections is recommended for early detection and treatment of pest problems. Storm damaged plants are particularly susceptible to attacks by insects known as borers. Weakened and susceptible trees and shrubs need to be treated preventatively before borers attack. The following is a list of trees damaged by the tornados: Tree ID Common Diameter 71 southern red oak pin oak pin oak southern red oak southern red oak English oak English oak post oak post oak blackgum post oak willow oak mockernut hickory willow oak water oak water oak water oak pin oak pin oak pin oak water oak willow oak willow oak willow oak willow oak willow oak pecan southern red oak pin oak live oak pin oak blackgum river birch 27 Tree ID Common Diameter 268 willow oak pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan pecan willow oak river birch blackgum blackgum sweetgum sweetgum red maple yellow poplar yellow poplar sweetgum sweetgum sweetgum sweetgum blackgum blackgum sweetbay blackgum sweetgum blackgum sweetgum sweetgum 23 44

47 vii. Macon State Storm Damage Plan Tree ID Common Diameter 394 blackgum sweetgum river birch river birch blackgum common baldcypress sweetgum blackgum red maple blackgum sweetgum pecan 13 45

48 Macon State College Tree Inventory, 2009 Trees Recommended for Storm Remediation Treatments 296!º 295!º 285!º !º!º!º!º!º!º !º !º 495!º ± 279!º 448!º 420!º !º!º !º!º !º!º 376!º!º !º!º 394!º!º 473!º !º!º!º!º 364!º!º!º 418!º !º!º !º 341!º!º!º!º 345!º !º!º !º 197!º 203!º 214!º 155!º!º!º!º!º 154!º !º 186!º 183!º !º!º!º !º!º!º 321!º !º 164!º!º 71!º 64!º 66!º 62!º !º 135!º!º 50!º ,125 1,500 Feet 46

49 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 1 live oak 18 Medium 2 loblolly pine 12 Large 3 live oak 13 Medium 4 live oak 17 Large 5 live oak 13 Medium 6 live oak 10 Medium 7 live oak 14 Medium 8 live oak 13 Medium 9 live oak 18 Medium 10 live oak 9 Medium 11 live oak 15 Medium 12 live oak 13 Medium 13 eastern redcedar 14 cherry/ plum spp 11 Medium 14 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 20 1 Fair 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Fair 25% 50% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 10 3 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $4, red maple 26 Large Mature 15 3 Fair <25% NO NO 2 $9,751 $2,714 $2,958 $5,058 $2,958 $1,750 $3,430 $2,958 $5,671 $1,013 $3,938 $2,958 $2,118 $2,639 47

50 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 16 loblolly pine 24 Large 17 Virginia pine 25 Large 18 loblolly pine 19 Individual Large 19 loblolly pine 13 Large 20 Hybrids 13 Multiple 9 Large 21 loblolly pine 21 Large 22 live oak 12 Medium 23 live oak 17 Medium 24 live oak 11 Medium 25 live oak 14 Medium 26 live oak 14 Medium 27 live oak 13 Medium 28 live oak 12 Medium 29 pin oak 9 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 1 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Fair 25% 50% NO NO Fair 51% 75% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $10,856 $7,212 $6,804 $2,275 $3,185 $5,937 $2,520 $3,613 $1,513 $3,430 $3,430 $2,958 $2,520 $1,854 48

51 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 30 pin oak 11 Medium 31 loblolly pine 13 Large 32 loblolly pine 14 Medium 33 loblolly pine 13 Medium 34 southern red oak 14 Medium 35 live oak 21 Medium 36 live oak 18 Medium 37 live oak 14 Medium 38 live oak 15 Medium 39 Hybrids 12 Multiple 3 Medium 40 loblolly pine 16 Large 41 Southern magnolia 42 Southern magnolia 43 Southern magnolia 14 Large 24 Large 13 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $2,769 $2,275 $1,583 Mature 10 1 Poor 25% 50% NO NO $1, Poor <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 2 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 2 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 1 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 25 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 $1,583 $7,718 $5,671 $3,430 $3,938 $2,714 $4,825 $3,694 $10, Fair <25% NO NO $2, American 8 Multiple 7 Large Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 2 $1,379 49

52 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW holly 45 loblolly pine 18 Large 46 white oak 13 Large 47 hackberry 13 Large 48 southern red oak 27 Large 49 loblolly pine 14 Large 50 pin oak 24 Large 51 loblolly pine 13 Large 52 loblolly pine 10 Large 53 loblolly pine 10 Large 54 post oak 9 Medium 55 loblolly pine 7 Large 56 loblolly pine 6 Medium 57 loblolly pine 10 Large 58 loblolly pine 12 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $6,107 $1,853 $3,413 Mature 25 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $9,814 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $2,639 Mature 25 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 1 $9,416 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2, Good <25% NO NO $1, Good <25% NO NO $1, Good <25% NO NO 3 $1, Good <25% NO NO $924 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $679 $808 $1,939 50

53 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 59 loblolly pine 9 Medium 60 loblolly pine 10 Large 61 southern red oak 25 Large 62 English oak 15 Large 63 Southern magnolia 6 Medium 64 English oak 14 Large 65 English oak 11 Large 66 post oak 13 Large 67 post oak 9 Medium 68 post oak 13 Large 69 cherry/ plum spp 70 Southern magnolia 71 southern red oak 6 Multiple 3 Small (<15') 15 Large 40 Large 72 loblolly pine 20 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,527 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO $1,346 Mature 25 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $8,414 $3, Good 25% 50% YES NO $679 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 1 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3,204 $1,978 $3,185 $1,090 Mature 20 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 $2,275 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $346 Mature 20 2 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 40 1 Fair <25% NO NO 1 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $19, cherry/ plum 18 Medium Mature 10 5 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,362 $7,539 51

54 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW spp 74 cherry/ plum spp 75 Southern magnolia 76 flowering dogwood 77 flowering dogwood 78 Southern magnolia 79 Southern magnolia 14 Medium 15 Large 8 Large 12 Large 14 Large 7 Large 80 red maple 6 Medium 81 loblolly pine 20 Large 82 loblolly pine 13 Large 83 loblolly pine 16 Large 84 loblolly pine 13 Large 85 loblolly pine 23 Large 86 American holly 10 Large 87 loblolly pine 13 Large Mature 10 3 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,885 Mature 10 2 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 2 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% YES NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 $775 $1,745 $3,694 $924 $727 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 2 $7,539 Mature 15 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 $2,275 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,825 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $2,275 Mature 25 1 Good <25% NO NO 1 $9,971 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 1 $2,154 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,185 52

55 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 88 loblolly pine 12 Large 89 live oak 33 Large 90 live oak 19 Large 91 post oak 13 Large 92 post oak 11 Large 93 post oak 15 Large 94 blackgum 12 Large 95 pin oak 6 Large 96 river birch 19 Large 97 river birch 22 Large 98 loblolly pine 20 Large 99 loblolly pine 16 Large 100 Southern magnolia 101 Southern magnolia 10 Medium 10 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,714 Mature 30 1 Good <25% YES NO 1 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 1 Mature 10 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 2 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 2 Good <25% YES YES 2 Mature 15 3 Good 25% 50% NO NO 2 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 1 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $18,618 $6,318 $2,275 $2,281 $4,241 $2,631 $824 $7,290 $9,774 $7,539 $4, Good <25% NO NO $1, Good <25% NO NO $1, red maple 23 Large Mature 15 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO $7,630 53

56 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 103 red maple 16 Large 104 post oak 14 Large 105 red maple 8 Large 106 Southern magnolia 107 Southern magnolia 13 Large 28 Large 108 post oak 14 Large 109 post oak 11 Large 110 loblolly pine 15 Large 111 red maple 15 Large 112 red maple 9 Large 113 red maple 20 Large 114 Southern magnolia 115 cherry/ plum spp 116 cherry/ plum spp 14 Large 18 Medium 21 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 20 1 Fair <25% YES NO 3 $3,693 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,639 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $1,292 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,185 Mature 20 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 $14,777 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $2,639 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $1,629 Mature 15 1 Good NO NO $4,241 Mature 15 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $1,947 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $701 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% YES NO 3 $5,770 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,694 Mature 10 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 5 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 $3,116 $5,937 54

57 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree Common ID 117 cherry/ plum spp Diameter Type of Planting Height 16 Medium 118 sweetgum 15 Large 119 post oak 7 Medium 120 live oak 19 Large 121 loblolly pine 13 Large 122 loblolly pine 11 Large 123 loblolly pine 14 Large 124 loblolly pine 15 Large 125 loblolly pine 16 Large 126 loblolly pine 16 Large 127 loblolly pine 16 Large 128 loblolly pine 15 Large 129 loblolly pine 17 Large 130 loblolly pine 15 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 15 2 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $2,462 $4,544 $924 Mature 25 1 Good <25% NO NO $6,318 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,185 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,281 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,694 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,825 Mature 20 1 Good NO NO 3 $4,825 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $3,446 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $5,447 Mature 20 1 Good NO NO $4, loblolly pine 16 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,825 55

58 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 132 loblolly pine 17 Large 133 willow oak 20 Large 134 willow oak 24 Large 135 willow oak 25 Large 136 willow oak 21 Large 137 loblolly pine 19 Large 138 Southern magnolia 139 Southern magnolia 140 Southern magnolia 141 Southern magnolia 142 Southern magnolia 143 common baldcypress 11 Medium 9 Medium 8 Small (<15') 7 Medium 6 Small (<15') 7 Medium 144 river birch 21 Large 145 common baldcypress 12 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $3,891 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $9,693 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $9,970 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $10,818 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $10,687 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $6, Good <25% NO NO $2, Good <25% NO NO $1,527 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,206 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $924 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 3 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 $679 $990 $8,906 $2,908 56

59 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree Common ID 146 mockernut hickory Type of Diameter Planting Height 23 Large 147 willow oak 24 Large 148 water oak 20 Large 149 live oak 16 Large 150 sawtooth oak 9 Medium 151 sawtooth oak 11 Medium 152 willow oak 16 Large 153 water oak 16 Large 154 water oak 20 Large 155 pin oak 9 Large 156 loblolly pine 16 Large 157 loblolly pine 12 Large 158 pin oak 21 Large 159 pin oak 22 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 25 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 1 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 25 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $7, water oak 17 Large Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3,891 $9,970 $5,385 $4,480 $1,745 $2,606 $4,431 $3,446 $5,385 $1,324 $4,825 $2,714 $7,209 $7,912 57

60 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 161 willow oak 15 Large 162 willow oak 14 Large 163 willow oak 21 Large 164 willow oak 16 Large 165 willow oak 17 Large 166 Virginia pine 11 Medium 167 southern red oak 6 Medium 168 Virginia pine 12 Large 169 live oak 17 Large 170 Virginia pine 16 Large 171 loblolly pine 13 Large 172 willow oak 6 Medium 173 willow oak 6 Medium 174 Chinese elm 7 Small (<15') Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO Good 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good 51% 75% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Young 5 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $3,895 $3,393 $7,633 $4,431 $5,002 $1,396 $679 $2,326 $5,058 $4,136 $3,185 $872 $872 $858 58

61 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 175 Chinese elm 10 Small (<15') 176 sawtooth oak 9 Medium 177 sawtooth oak 7 Medium 178 live oak 15 Large 179 bur oak 6 Medium 180 willow oak 7 Medium 181 willow oak 6 Medium 182 live oak 15 Large 183 pecan 13 Large 184 live oak 13 Medium 185 live oak 28 Large 186 southern red oak 187 Southern magnolia 188 Japanese evergreen oak 24 Large 22 Large 8 Medium Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 2 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,750 $1,745 $1,055 $3,938 $775 $1,187 $872 $3,938 $2,600 $2,958 Mature 25 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $13,721 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $7,755 Mature 20 3 Good <25% NO NO $9,122 Age Class 10 1 Good NO NO 3 $0 59

62 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree Common ID 189 Japanese evergreen oak 190 Japanese evergreen oak 191 American hornbeam 192 American hornbeam Diameter Type of Planting Height 8 Medium 7 Medium 6 Medium 7 Medium 193 live oak 30 Large 194 willow oak 6 Medium 195 willow oak 6 Medium 196 pin oak 14 Large 197 pin oak 18 Large 198 loblolly pine 20 Large 199 willow oak 6 Medium 200 willow oak 6 Medium 201 sawtooth oak 9 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW 10 1 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 1 Mature 20 1 Fair 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,465 $1,121 $824 $1,121 $15, loblolly pine 15 Large Mature 15 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 $4,241 $872 $872 $3,204 $5,297 $7,539 $872 $872 $1,745 60

63 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 203 live oak 12 Medium 204 live oak 16 Large 205 live oak 15 Medium 206 live oak 15 Large 207 live oak 22 Large 208 live oak 18 Large 209 live oak 13 Medium 210 live oak 20 Large 211 live oak 16 Medium 212 live oak 26 Large 213 pin oak 13 Large 214 pin oak 21 Large 215 live oak 18 Large 216 loblolly pine 14 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 10 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 25 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 3 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 25 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair 51% 75% NO NO 3 Mature 15 2 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,800 $4,480 $3,938 $3,938 $8,471 $5,671 $2,113 $7,001 $4,480 $11,831 $2,763 $7,209 $5,671 $3,694 61

64 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 217 loblolly pine 14 Large 218 loblolly pine 16 Large 219 loblolly pine 12 Large 220 loblolly pine 11 Large 221 loblolly pine 13 Large 222 cherry/ plum spp 30 Medium 223 river birch 27 Large 224 cherry/ plum spp 21 Multiple 3 Large 225 live oak 45 Large 226 winged elm 18 Large 227 river birch 16 Large 228 pin oak 9 Large 229 pin oak 6 Medium 230 scarlet oak 8 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 2 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 4 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 3 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 30 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $3,694 $4,825 $2,714 $2,281 $3,185 $8,655 $14,722 $4,241 $30,168 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,362 Mature 15 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Young 5 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO Good <25% NO NO scarlet oak 9 Medium Semi 15 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 $1,309 $5,170 $1,854 $589 $1,034 62

65 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common 232 Ogeche tupalo 233 American redbud Diameter Type of Planting Height 8 Small (<15') 6 Medium 234 trident maple 6 Medium 235 loblolly pine 15 Large 236 willow oak 6 Medium 237 blackgum 17 Large 238 river birch 27 Large 239 Chinese fringe tree 240 Chinese fringe tree 241 Chinese fringe tree 6 Medium 6 Medium 6 Medium 242 loblolly pine 22 Large 243 sweetgum 13 Large 244 sweetgum 18 Large 245 sweetgum 15 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,465 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $436 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $630 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3,029 Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $872 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $5,280 Mature 20 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $6,309 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $824 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $824 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $824 Mature 20 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Poor 25% 50% NO NO 1 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 2 $9,122 $3,413 $2,804 $3,245 63

66 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 246 sweetgum 15 Large 247 sweetgum 15 Large 248 sweetgum 15 Large 249 water oak 13 Large 250 loblolly pine 19 Large 251 loblolly pine 16 Large 252 loblolly pine 17 Large 253 loblolly pine 15 Large 254 loblolly pine 18 Large 255 loblolly pine 16 Large 256 loblolly pine 20 Large 257 white oak 9 Medium 258 loblolly pine 16 Large 259 loblolly pine 16 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Poor <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $4, loblolly pine 15 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,241 $4,544 $1,947 $3,185 $6,804 $4,825 $5,447 $4,241 $4,362 $4,825 $7,539 $2,072 $3,446 $4,825 64

67 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value 261 loblolly pine 14 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO YES 3 $3, loblolly pine 6 Medium Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $ loblolly pine 14 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3, loblolly pine 19 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $6, loblolly pine 15 Large Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $3, loblolly pine 16 Large Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3, loblolly pine 18 Large 268 willow oak 17 Large 269 loblolly pine 15 Large 270 loblolly pine 17 Large 271 loblolly pine 13 Large 272 loblolly pine 14 Large 273 loblolly pine 15 Large 274 loblolly pine 14 Large Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $6,107 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $5,002 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3,029 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $5,447 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,275 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,694 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $2,639 65

68 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 275 loblolly pine 16 Large 276 loblolly pine 20 Large 277 loblolly pine 18 Large 278 loblolly pine 10 Large 279 pecan 19 Large 280 pecan 15 Large 281 pecan 22 Large 282 pecan 18 Large 283 pecan 25 Large 284 pecan 23 Large 285 pecan 46 Large 286 pecan 20 Large 287 pecan 22 Large 288 pecan 22 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $4,825 $7,539 $6,107 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,885 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 3 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $5,554 $4,847 $10,426 $4,985 $9,616 $8,139 $27, pecan 17 Large Mature 15 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $2,668 $6,154 $7,447 $7,447 66

69 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 290 pecan 24 Large 291 pecan 26 Large 292 pecan 23 Large 293 pecan 26 Large 294 pecan 19 Large 295 pecan 19 Large 296 pecan 15 Large 297 pecan 8 Small (<15') 298 pecan 8 Small (<15') 299 pecan 18 Large 300 pecan 21 Large 301 pecan 19 Large 302 pecan 19 Large 303 pecan 23 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $8,862 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $10,401 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $8,139 $10,401 $7,776 $5,554 $3,462 $985 $985 $6,979 $9,499 $7,776 $7,776 $8,139 67

70 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 304 pecan 22 Large 305 pecan 12 Large 306 pecan 21 Large 307 pecan 15 Medium 308 pecan 16 Large 309 pecan 16 Large 310 callery pear Bradford 16 Large 311 willow oak 11 Medium 312 willow oak 11 Medium 313 willow oak 11 Medium 314 water oak 40 Large 315 loblolly pine 30 Large 316 willow oak 10 Medium 317 willow oak 9 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 9 2 Fair <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 30 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 30 1 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $7,447 $2,216 $9,499 $3,462 $3,939 $3,939 $2,216 $2,932 $2,932 $2,932 $27,587 $16, willow oak 7 Medium Semi 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $1,187 $2,423 $1,963 68

71 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 319 live oak 32 Large 320 willow oak 18 Medium 321 willow oak 18 Large 322 water oak 18 Medium 323 willow oak 13 Large 324 willow oak 11 Medium 325 water oak 12 Large 326 water oak 15 Large 327 water oak 8 Medium 328 willow oak 12 Large 329 loblolly pine 10 Multiple 27 Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW mature Large 330 river birch 8 Multiple 5 Large 331 river birch 20 Large 332 river birch 15 Large Mature 40 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $17,559 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO $3,365 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 1 $3,365 $4,362 $2,925 $2,932 $2,714 $3,029 $862 $2,493 $1,885 $1,292 $5,770 $4,544 69

72 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 333 river birch 11 Large 334 river birch 16 Large 335 river birch 13 Large 336 river birch 8 Large 337 river birch 6 Large 338 river birch 7 Large 339 river birch 9 Large 340 river birch 7 Large 341 blackgum 21 Large 342 river birch 8 Large 343 river birch 8 Large 344 river birch 9 Large 345 blackgum 16 Large 346 river birch 9 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $2,443 $5,170 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,413 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 1 $1,292 Mature 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $990 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,636 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $990 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $8,057 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,292 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,292 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,636 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $4,677 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1, river birch 10 Large Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,019 70

73 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 348 river birch 21 Large 349 river birch 11 Large 350 river birch 15 Large 351 river birch 13 Large 352 river birch 10 Large 353 loblolly pine 19 Large 354 loblolly pine 18 Large 355 loblolly pine 14 Large 356 loblolly pine 13 Large 357 loblolly pine 18 Large 358 sweetgum 17 Large 359 sweetgum 13 Large 360 red maple 20 Large 361 sweetgum 17 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 15 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 $8,906 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,443 Mature 15 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,544 Mature 15 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,413 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,019 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $6,804 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $6,107 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,694 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,185 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $6,107 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $4,169 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,413 Mature 15 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $3,462 Mature 15 2 Good <25% NO NO $5,836 71

74 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 362 sweetgum 12 Large 363 yellow poplar 11 Large 364 yellow poplar 13 Large 365 sweetgum 15 Large 366 sweetgum 25 Large 367 sweetgum 12 Large 368 Pond cypress 7 Small (<15') 369 Pond cypress 7 Small (<15') 370 yellow poplar 11 Large 371 sweetgum 53 Large 372 sweetgum 14 Large 373 sweetgum 23 Large 374 sweetbay 17 Large 375 blackgum 25 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,077 Mature 5 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $1,047 Mature 5 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $2,438 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,544 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $12,621 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $2,908 Young 5 1 Good NO NO $0 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $1, Fair <25% NO NO $1,745 Mature 20 2 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $30,225 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $3,958 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $4,578 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO $4,447 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $11, blackgum 16 Large Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $2,806 72

75 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 377 sweetgum 7 Large 378 blackgum 6 Small (<15') 379 sweetbay 15 Large 380 loblolly pine 25 Large 381 blackgum 26 Large 382 sweetgum 14 Large 383 sweetgum 8 Medium 384 sweetgum 12 Large 385 sweetgum 13 Large 386 sweetgum 32 Large 387 sweetbay 11 Medium 388 blackgum 14 Large 389 sweetbay 11 Large 390 common baldcypress 14 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $990 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $921 Mature 5 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3,462 Mature 20 1 Good NO NO $11,780 Mature 20 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $7,411 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $3, Good <25% NO NO $1,292 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,077 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,438 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $20,260 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,606 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $5,014 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2, Good <25% NO NO $3,958 73

76 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree Common ID 391 common baldcypress Diameter Type of Planting Height 7 Medium 392 sweetgum 25 Large 393 sweetgum 23 Large 394 blackgum 18 Large 395 blackgum 21 Large 396 river birch 23 Large 397 river birch 12 Large 398 river birch 16 Large 399 river birch 12 Large 400 loblolly pine 20 Large 401 sweetgum 12 Large 402 green ash 6 Medium 403 sweetgum 24 Large 404 river birch 12 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $990 Mature 15 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 $5,409 $10,683 $3,552 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO $8,057 Mature 20 2 Good <25% NO NO $10,683 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,908 Mature 25 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $5,170 $2,908 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $7,539 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO river birch 14 Large Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,958 $2,077 $727 $8,308 $2,908 74

77 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 406 river birch 11 Large 407 river birch 8 Medium 408 river birch 11 Large 409 river birch 6 Medium 410 sweetgum 13 Large 411 loblolly pine 20 Large 412 river birch 12 Large 413 river birch 13 Large 414 river birch 14 Large 415 water oak 13 Large 416 loblolly pine 27 Large 417 loblolly pine 20 Large 418 blackgum 15 Large 419 loblolly pine 21 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Mature 5 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 5 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,745 $923 $2,443 $519 $3,413 $7,539 $2,908 $3,413 $1,696 $2,275 $13,740 $7,539 $4,111 $8,312 75

78 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree Common ID 420 common baldcypress 421 common baldcypress 422 common baldcypress 423 common baldcypress Type of Diameter Height Planting 6 Small (<15') 6 Medium 6 Medium 13 Medium 424 blackgum 7 Small (<15') 425 loblolly pine 12 Large 426 sweetgum 13 Large 427 water oak 15 Large 428 water oak 14 Large 429 common baldcypress 430 common baldcypress 431 common baldcypress 432 common baldcypress 433 Southern magnolia 6 Medium 6 Medium 6 Medium 6 Medium 21 Medium Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Young 5 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $519 Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Young 10 2 Good <25% NO NO Poor <25% NO NO 3 $3,413 $537 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,714 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,413 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,241 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,694 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $ Good <25% NO NO $8, loblolly pine 8 Large Semi 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $862 76

79 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 435 loblolly pine 12 Large 436 loblolly pine 9 Large 437 loblolly pine 10 Large 438 sweetgum 11 Large 439 sweetgum 11 Large 440 sweetgum 12 Large 441 sweetgum 12 Large 442 sweetgum 12 Large 443 sweetgum 11 Large 444 sweetgum 10 Medium 445 loblolly pine 7 Large 446 sweetgum 11 Large 447 sweetgum 10 Large 448 sweetgum 11 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW mature Estimated Value Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $1,939 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO $1,090 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO $1,346 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $2,443 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $2,443 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,908 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,908 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,908 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Good 25% 50% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 $2,443 $2,019 $924 $2,443 $2,019 $1,745 77

80 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 449 sweetgum 12 Large 450 loblolly pine 19 Large 451 loblolly pine 9 Large 452 loblolly pine 12 Large 453 loblolly pine 13 Large 454 loblolly pine 12 Large 455 sweetgum 7 Large 456 water oak 11 Large 457 loblolly pine 7 Large 458 loblolly pine 7 Large 459 loblolly pine 7 Large 460 sweetgum 7 Large 461 loblolly pine 23 Large 462 sweetgum 11 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,077 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $6,804 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $1,527 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $2,714 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $3,185 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $2, Good <25% NO NO $990 Mature 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $2, Good <25% NO NO $ Fair 25% 50% NO NO 3 $ Good <25% NO NO 3 $ Good <25% NO NO $990 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO loblolly pine 7 Medium Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $924 $7,122 $2,443 78

81 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 464 loblolly pine 8 Large 465 loblolly pine 17 Large 466 loblolly pine 15 Large 467 water oak 16 Large 468 sweetbay 15 Large 469 sweetgum 12 Large 470 blackgum 28 Large 471 blackgum 18 Large 472 red maple 12 Large 473 blackgum 14 Large 474 yellow poplar 7 Medium 475 yellow poplar 6 Medium 476 loblolly pine 8 Medium 477 loblolly pine 23 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW 10 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 Estimated Value $1,206 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $3,891 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO 3 $4,241 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% YES NO 3 $3,446 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,847 Mature 15 1 Fair <25% NO NO $2,077 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 Mature 5 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Poor <25% NO NO 3 Mature 10 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $8,595 $3,552 $1,246 $3, Good <25% NO NO $990 Young 5 1 Good <25% NO NO $727 Young 10 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 Mature 20 2 Good <25% NO NO 3 $1,206 $9,971 79

82 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 478 loblolly pine 8 Medium 479 loblolly pine 15 Large 480 loblolly pine 11 Large 481 loblolly pine 11 Large 482 loblolly pine 12 Large 483 loblolly pine 11 Large 484 loblolly pine 12 Large 485 loblolly pine 18 Large 486 loblolly pine 17 Large 487 loblolly pine 21 Large 488 loblolly pine 12 Medium 489 water oak 21 Large 490 loblolly pine 15 Large 491 water oak 14 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Young 10 1 Good <25% NO NO $1,206 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,281 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,281 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,714 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,281 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $2,714 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $6,107 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $5,447 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $8, Good <25% NO NO $2,714 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $5,937 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO $4,241 Mature 15 1 Good <25% NO NO live oak 28 Large Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO $9,801 $3,694 80

83 viii. Macon State Entire Inventory Tree ID Common Diameter Type of Planting Height 493 live oak 26 Large 494 sweetgum 27 Large 495 pecan 13 Medium 496 pecan 11 Large 497 pecan 11 Large 498 pecan 9 Medium 499 loblolly pine 23 Large 500 loblolly pine 21 Large Age Class Canopy Radius Stems Condition Root Infringement Volunteer Removal? Poison Plant? GTW Estimated Value Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $11,831 Mature 20 1 Fair <25% NO NO 3 $10, Fair <25% YES YES 3 $2, Fair <25% NO NO $1, Good <25% NO NO $2, Good <25% NO NO $1,745 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $9,971 Mature 20 1 Good <25% NO NO $8,312 81

84 MoniTor IPM program Bartlett offers a progressive, effective alternative to conventional landscape pest control that I recommend for your property. This would be the most efficient way to manage the insect and disease pest of the plants throughout the property. Bartlett s Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program is called MoniTor, this program requires a greater investment of time, but dramatically reduces the amount of pesticides used by as much as 90 percent. With MoniTor we optimize suppression while minimizing the use of pesticides through preventive maintenance and early detection of problems. The MoniTor program consists of scheduled visits to inspect the plants around the property for insects, mites, diseases or cultural problems. Nonchemical interference is given first priority. For example, mulching and the release of beneficial insects can be very effective in some instances. When stronger control is needed, we use horticultural oil, insecticidal soap and several of the synthetic pyrethrums. Chemical control is always the last alternative. Most MoniTor program are designed as follows: Schedule a series of inspections for all the woody plants by a trained IPM monitor. During each inspection, the monitor will identify and treat insect and disease problems. Low level, non-harmful insect populations will not be treated unless damage to the plant exceeds a tolerable level. Health and aesthetic appearance will determine this level. Identification of beneficial insects also would be performed. When present in sufficient numbers, these predatory insects may help control harmful insects, avoiding the use of chemicals. If a spray application is warranted, the most benign product available will be used. These products will usually be naturally occurring materials such as oil, soap, pyrethrums or a synthetic material of similar properties. Such products minimally impact both beneficial insects and the enviroent. Cultural treatments such as soil ph adjustment, root collar inspections and mulch adjustments will be included. This program will be limited to trees less than 40 feet in height. You will receive a written report from the monitor following each inspection. This report will include: description of problems, treatments applied, observations of plant conditions and recommendations. As needed, we will perform soil tests in problem areas to identify ph, nutrient or other soil concerns as well as conduct insect and disease analysis from Bartlett's Research Laboratories when problems cannot be identified on site. An investment in the MoniTor IPM program is an enviroentally sound means to maintain your plants in top condition.

85 Maintenance Pruning Standard: A Simplified View E. Thomas Smiley, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist Bruce R. Fraedrich, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist Correct pruning cuts should be made close to the branch collar. Do not leave stubs and do not injure the collar. For many years, correct removal of branches has been synonymous with proper tree pruning. The new American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A-300 Pruning Standard brings the tree back into focus. It places emphasis on developing pruning goals based on specific needs of the plant. The Standard also provides clear, concise and descriptive terminology that arborists, tree workers and consumers can readily understand. houses, and walkways? Is the tree too dense or does it need shaping? Will the tree tolerate removal of live branches? What are the customer s expectations and budget? The answers to these questions will govern how and to what extent the tree is pruned. Four basic pruning techniques are used to maintain trees. Depending on tree requirements, client expectations and budget, one or more of the techniques will be used to maintain the plant. When pruning, arborists must decide which branches to remove. Will only defective limbs be removed or is there a benefit to thinning out live branches? Should the tree remain the same height and spread or are reductions necessary? Are low limbs interfering with traffic and require raising? What is the size limit on branches to be removed? Before removing any branches, several factors must be considered. What is the condition of the tree? What are the landscape functions provided by the tree? Will pruning maintain or enhance those functions? Are structural defects or storm damage present that should be removed? Are branches interfering with powerlines, Before pruning

86 Crown thinning is the removal of live, healthy branches on trees with dense crowns. This improves light penetration and air movement, and decreases wind resistance, thus reducing pest infestations and decreasing the risk of storm damage. 2 removal will benefit the tree. Stripping sprouts is rarely beneficial and may eventually create many more problems for the tree. The Standard also states that one-half of the foliage should be evenly distributed in the lower two-thirds of the BTRL 12/99 Crown thinning Thinning can also be used to reduce weight of individual limbs and to slow the growth rate on overly vigorous limbs. This pruning technique is most commonly needed on young, rapidly growing trees. On slower growing mature trees, thinning is mainly used when weight reduction is needed on individual limbs to compensate for structural defects. Usually, thinning is performed in conjunction with crown cleaning. Virtually all-urban trees benefit from periodic crown cleaning. This is the removal of defective limbs including those that are dead, dying, diseased, rubbing, and structurally unsound. Cleaning reduces the risk of branch failures, improves plant health and enhances tree appearance by removing limbs that are unsightly, unhealthy and unsound. Although removal of healthy branches is technically thinning, selective removal of watersprouts is included in the cleaning specification. Before selecting this option, arborists must judge whether sprout crown and individual limbs. Crown cleaning Unnecessary sprout removal and removal of all lower branches would certainly violate this rule. The concept of not removing sprouts must be clearly conveyed to consumers since many homeowners equate proper pruning with removal of interior limbs. There are a few exceptions where removal of watersprouts is beneficial. Removing sprouts on dogwoods in areas where Discula anthracnose is present is recommended to reduce risk of cankers in larger branches, for example. Leaving interior and lower branches on a tree is equally important when thinning the crown. In order not to violate the one-half the foliage on the lower two-thirds rule, the majority of thinning cuts are on the outer portion of the crown, not the inside. This means working with pole tools or from an aerial lift. After large deadwood and structural problems have been corrected using a chainsaw, hand or pneumatic tools are used for thinning. Crown reduction is needed on trees or individual limbs that are growing close to TR-67

87 buildings, other trees, or utility wires. Reduction may also be necessary to prevent or correct storm damage and to shorten errant branches to provide a more desirable shape. This type of pruning involves reducing the height or spread of the crown or individual limbs. Certain species such as beech and sugar maple respond poorly to reductions so consideration must be given to the ability of the species to tolerate this procedure. When reducing a leader or branch cut back to a lateral branch that is large enough to assume dominance. The size of the remaining lateral is not specified in the Standard since it varies with tree species and tree condition. Typically, a lateral onethird the diameter of the parent limb is selected. If the lateral is smaller, the limb will either dieback or sprout profusely. If the lateral is considerably larger than the one-third guideline, then thinning the remaining lateral should be considered due to the risk of storm damage. The remaining lateral should be growing in a direction that will maintain a desirable shape and not interfere with objects within the pruning cycle. Crowing raising the trunk or downward growing branches can be removed at the parent limb. Thinning the ends of a heavy limb may accomplish the same goal if the limb raises when weight is removed. When raising is performed, limb levels generally are left at a uniform height around the tree to provide symmetry. These are the four primary types of maintenance pruning - thinning, cleaning, reduction and raising. Other pruning techniques and systems are discussed in the Standard, including crown restoration, vista pruning, young tree pruning, espalier, pollarding and palm pruning. These techniques are generally performed to achieve specific goals that are separate from maintenance considerations or are oriented to a specific type of tree. Consult the Standard for descriptions of these pruning types. The majority of established trees can benefit from one or more maintenance pruning types. How can you prune a tree in more than one way? Easy! If a tree is 3 When lower limbs interfere with mowing, traffic, people or utilities, pruning is needed to provide clearance. While removal of lower limbs goes under many names, the one that has been selected is crown raising. Limbs can either be removed at Before pruning growing next to a house and has deadwood and limbs rubbing against the roof, it needs crown cleaning throughout and reduction or raising of the limbs over the residence. You may use any of the techniques, or combination of techniques, to provide exactly what the tree needs and the customer wants. Choosing the correct BTRL 12/99 TR-67

88 pruning technique(s) is relatively easy, even for an inexperienced arborist, because the tree guides the decision making process. If the tree has deadwood - clean it; if overly thick - thin it; if to tall - reduce it; if too low - raise it. Once the technique(s) have been decided, and then the size of the smallest limb to prune is the next consideration. Typically, the sizes that have been used are 1/2, 1, 2 or 4. However, no numbers are specified in the Standard so you can select any size that meets the needs of the specific tree and customer objectives. If 1 minimum is selected, then limbs 1 in diameter at the point of attachment and larger would be removed when the branches meet the requirements of the technique. The size of the smallest limb to be pruned should be adjusted for the tree and the client s budget. When crown cleaning a small tree such as a Japanese maple, the smallest branch to remove might be specified at 1/2 inch in diameter. This means that dead, dying, diseased or weak branches greater than 1/2 inch are removed. If 1/4 diameter is chosen instead, the time required to complete the task is easily doubled or tripled. Arborists and consumers must realize that more is not always better when it comes to pruning. The amount of foliage that should be pruned from mature trees is now less than before. The Standard specifies that 4 not more than one quarter of the leaf surface be removed during a single pruning operation. This will benefit the tree by maintaining a greater leaf surface area for producing photosynthates (energy). When work is sold, whether to a municipality, commercial account or residential client, the pruning technique and minimum branch size must be specified, explained and discussed. This will foster fair competition and help ensure that both client and arborist understand what is to be accomplished by pruning. There should be no surprises for the client when purchasing tree work. To ensure this, tree workers as well as the arborist must understand the Standard. If a client selects crown cleaning but budget constraints require pruning 2 and larger limbs, then the crew cannot take the time to remove 1/2-inch limbs. In summary, the new Standard encourages arborists to prune trees based on the tree s need. This is a significant improvement from the days when we tried to fit the tree to a predetermined, artificial classification. Basing pruning on the tree s needs make the principles described hold true for hardwoods and conifers, small ornamentals and large shade trees, young trees and mature trees. The terminology in the Standard is a change for most arborists, but it is user friendly and descriptive. Industry professionals as well as consumers should readily adopt the terminology and techniques. Correct pruning Improper pruning BTRL 12/99 TR-67

89 Root Collar Disorders E. Thomas Smiley, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist A tree s root collar is the area where the roots join the main stem or trunk. This area is typified by a flare leading to the major roots (Figure 1). The root collar is part of the tree s trunk. Unlike roots, the trunk is not specialized to resist constant soil moisture. The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the phloem (inner bark) is inhibited by this water. Over a period of years the lack of gas exchange will kill phloem cells. This interferes with the downward movement of food (photosynthate) to the roots, eventually leading to root dieback and reduced water uptake. Root collars with declining phloem are more susceptible to infection and disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi, especially Phytophthora, Leptographium and Armillaria. Often root collars are buried during landscaping projects when fill soil is distributed around the tree. When trees are transplanted, they may settle in the planting hole or be set too deeply. Some trees arrive from the nursery with excess soil against the root collar. Excessive mulch may also lead to death of the root collar. Mulch layers should not exceed four inches in thickness and should never be placed against the root collar. Figure 1. Typical root collar SYMPTOMS Symptoms of root collar disorders are often first evident as foliage yellowing, early leaf coloration and drop, and dieback in the upper crown. Some trees will show no symptoms at all prior to their death during a hot dry period of the summer. Secondary invaders such as canker fungi and insect borers often invade trees stressed by root collar problems. These cankers may cause sunken areas near the soil line.

90 2 Since a disruption of translocation has occurred, some of the growth regulators responsible for hardening off in preparation for winter may not have reached the above ground portion of the tree. Dieback due to winter injury thus may also be a symptom of a root collar problem, which becomes apparent in the spring. Most tree and shrub species can develop problems from root collar burial. Very sensitive plants include sugar maple, California live oak, dogwood; Japanese black pine and Eastern white pine. DIAGNOSIS The easiest way to check a tree for a root collar disorder is to look for natural root flare. If flare is present, the problem is most likely elsewhere. If no root flare is present, an excavation should be made or the soil should be probed with a stiff wire to locate the buttress roots. This should be done within two to four inches of the trunk. Care should be taken not to damage the bark. symptoms are detected early, remedial actions can be taken which may save the tree. First, all soil or mulch in contact with the root collar must be removed. Root collar excavations can be done by carefully using small digging tools and a brush. An alternative for excavating a large number of trees is a compressed air device or high-pressure water. Whichever method is used, great care must be used next to the tree to avoid more injury. Soil should be removed from an area as large as possible around the trunk. A radius of six inches is the minimum excavation, which should be done. It is best if the slope angle of the excavated area is not more than 20. Excavations should not injure roots over 1/4 in diameter. Adventitious roots over 1/4 should not be removed from the trunk since they may be providing substantial amounts of water and nutrients to the tree. To determine if the soil or mulch against the collar has started to cause problems, remove a small amount of bark and sapwood from the trunk just above the roots. If the inner bark is reddish brown and moist, and the sapwood is creamy white, the phloem dieback is due to abiotic (noninfectious) factors. Phytophthora produces a reddish brown color in the phloem, which progresses into the sapwood where a black stain is produced. Infection may also extend above the soil line. Armillaria produces a white spongy rot of the phloem and sapwood accompanied by a white fungal mycelium fan and black shoestring-like rhizomorphs. Leptographium also kills the phloem and stains pine wood bluish black. TREATMENT If a tree is severely declining from a root collar disorder, removal is recommended before it becomes hazardous. If decline Figure 2. Excavated root collar BTRL 12/99 TR-70

91 3 The well, which is created by this excavation, may either slope to the original grade (Figure 2) or be lined with treated wood, brick or stone (Figure 3). A layer of mulch up to four inches thick is appropriate on top of the soil, but not against the bark. If it is not practical to leave the well open, it can be filled with coarse gravel. Dirt will need to be removed from the gravel every four or five years. The second action to be taken is fertilization. Recommendations should be based on soil analysis. The third action is to provide appropriate irrigation during dry periods. Most tree species require one inch of water per week during the growing season. Care should be taken not to over water. Irrigation water should never be applied directly to the trunk or root collar area. Figure 3. Excavated root collar with retaining wall In summary, trees and shrubs with buried root collars may decline and are more susceptible to attack by secondary pests. It is best to treat the situation as soon as it is discovered by means of a root collar excavation. Other actions such as fertilizing and mulching will promote tree health, thus improving chances for recovery. Selected References Britton, J. C Revealing Examinations. Tree Care Industry 3 (5) 16, 18. Drilias, M. J., J. E. Kuntz and G. L. Worf Collar Rot and Basal Canker of Sugar Maple, Journal of Arboriculture 8 (2): McCain, A. H., and R. D. Raabe Armillaria Root Rot - Oak Root Fungus. University of California Leaflet 2590 and Sinclair, W. A., H. H. Lyon and W. T. Johnson Diseases of Trees and Shrubs, pages 286, Smiley, E. T National Epidemic Reported: Improper Planting is Killing Trees. Arbor Age 11(12): Smiley, E. T Root Collar Disorders. Arbor Age 11(12): Drawings by: Mary McKay, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories BTRL 12/99 TR-70

92 Mulch Application Guidelines E. Thomas Smiley, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist Mulches provide many benefits for trees and shrubs. They moderate soil temperatures, reduce soil moisture loss, reduce soil compaction, provide nutrients, improve soil structure, keep mowers and string trimmers away from the trunk. These benefits result in more root growth and healthier plants. When applying mulch the following guidelines should be observed: 1. The best mulch materials are wood chips, bark nuggets, composted leaves or pine needles. Plastic, stone, sawdust, finely shredded bark, and grass clippings should be avoided. Do not use redwood or walnut mulch due to allelopathic effects. is not practical, minimum mulch circle radii should be 3 feet for small trees, 8 feet for medium trees and 12 feet for large trees. 3. When applying mulch it is not necessary to kill or remove existing ground cover. However, turf should be mowed very short and clippings removed prior to application. Mulch should be applied directly to the soil surface, do not use landscape fabric to separate the mulch from the soil. Figure 2. Mulch layer should be 2-4 inches thick and not be against the trunk. 4. Mulch layer should be 2-4 inches thick depending on tree species and mulch (Figure 2). 5. Additional mulch should be added to maintain a 2-4 inch depth. Figure 1. Mulch should be applied the trunk to the dripline. from 2. Mulch should be applied from the dripline to the trunk (Figure 1). If this 6. Mulch should not be placed against the trunk (Figure 2). Mulch will retain too much moisture against the trunk, potentially resulting in disease problems.