Stakeholder participation in property development

Transcription

1 Stakeholder participation in property development Carlos Martinez Division of Construction Management Lund University 1

2 Stakeholder Definition A project stakeholder can be defined as a person or group of people who has a vested interest in the success of a project and the environment in which the project operates 2

3 Participation Definition The redistribution of power to those excluded from the political and economic arena to take part in the decision-making process (Arnstein, 1969). The active role of stakeholders including those that are affected by a decision to have an input in the decision-making process (Wandersman, 1981; Smith, 1983; Wilcox, 2003; Rowe at al., 2004). 3

4 Stakeholder Participation The systematic process of engaging in dialogue with the stakeholders in making decisions that affect them and their environment. 4

5 Public participation Citizen participation Community participation Stakeholder participation 5

6 Participation Background Participation in the planning of federal social programs in the 1960 s such as; urban renewal, anti-poverty and model cities programs. Urban planning Development aid Environmental management Business management 6

7 Participation Legal aspects Participation was introduced in the Arhus convention (UNECE) in 1998 to grant the public rights regarding access to information, public participation and access to justice in governmental decisionmaking processes on matters concerning local, national and global environmental issues (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 1998). Stakeholder participation in decision-making has become a mandate by state and local officials to be an essential part in the decision making process in urban development. 7

8 Participation Legal aspects Plan- och bygglagen Chapter 5, 20. When a program is prepared and when a proposal for a detailed development plan is drafted, the municipality shall consult the County Administrative Board, the Cadastral Authority and municipalities, which are affected by the program or the proposal. The affected parties and the co-operative tenant owners, tenants and residents who are affected by the program or the proposal and those authorities, associations and those other individuals which have an essential interest in the program or the proposal shall be offered an opportunity to consultation. (Law 1995:1415) 8

9 Approaches to participation Normative: focus on equality rather than quality, participation as an end in itself. Substantive: focus on quality of decisions, participation as a means to an end. Instrumental: a means to reestablish credibility and trust to legitimize decisions already made. 9

10 Principles of participation Trust Equity Empowerment Learning 10

11 Typologies of participation Arnstein, Rowe and Frewer,

12 Participation Methods Rowe and Frewer,

13 Participation Methods Rowe and Frewer,

14 Tools and techniques Survey / Questionnaire Transect walk / Site visit Workshop 14

15 Tools and techniques Mapping Visioning Design charrette 15

16 Tools and techniques Model building Prototype Prototype 16

17 Important aspects of PP Early and throughout the project process Clear objectives of the participation process Identify and involve the stakeholder groups that are likely to be affected by the project as well as those likely to enhance the quality of decisions. Participation as a system that supports a dynamic interaction among the relevant stakeholders to meaningfully influence the decision-making. To address the interests of the relevant stakeholders, emphasis should be placed on dialogue and time. Highly skilled facilitation and management are essential. 17

18 Benefits of PP Increases the quality and durability of decisions Learning outcomes Increases democracy Builds social capital and produce innovative solutions to complex problems in society Sustainable development 18

19 Challenges to PP Inefficiencies and conflicts Involvement of all stakeholders in decision-making in modern times can be difficult Power relations Commitment in organizations and institutions 19

20 Stakeholder participation process 20

21 Stakeholder participation plan 1. Define the team (Establish the process team that will conduct the participation process, their roles and responsibilities) 2. Define the objectives for the participation process in relation to the development project 3. Determine the scope of the process (approach and level of involvement in the decision making process) 4. Identify and analyze the stakeholders and determine who should be involved and why 5. Define the appropriate tools for the participation process 6. Plan the process in relation to the different stages of the property development process (Eg; planning, design, implementation, operation) 7. Promote the event (Identify the means of communication that will be used to invite the stakeholders to the participation activities) 21

22 Case 1: St. Catherine Vocational Development St. Catherine Vocational Development is an non-profit organization in rural Uganda working with children and women s rights and focus on empowering these two groups by providing education and vocational training. The non-profit organization collaborates with nearby community organizations and public institutions to provide education to children and women in the area. 22

23 Purpose of the community development project to construct vocational facilities that fulfill the needs and aspirations of the community of Muhanga. 23

24 Objectives for the participation process To aquire relevant information as well as local knowledge and expertise to increase the quality of the building facilities, further to meet the needs of the organization and the community. To find ways to minimize the negative impacts of the construction project in the surrounding. To empower the community by being part of a learning process and express their needs and interests. 24

25 Approach A collaborative participatory approach between the internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. Inclusive and shared decision-making Normative and substantive Early participation in planning and throughout the development process Focus group and public consultation 25

26 Project Stakeholders Client CaVoDe non-profit organization Project team Board members of St. Catherine Vocational Development Staff and head teachers involved in the organization s activities Parents and children Local experts Local authorities 26

27 Participation stages CONSULTATION MEETINGS CONSULTATION MEETINGS VOCATIONAL WORKSHOPS TRAINING WORKSHOPS 27

28 Workshop with project board members Identification of needs and concerns Defining and ranking the building program and functions 28

29 Workshop with head teachers Identification of needs and concerns Defining and ranking the building program and functions 29

30 Workshop with parents Identification of needs and concerns Defining and ranking the building program and functions 30

31 Workshop with children Visioning the dream school 31

32 Consultation with local authorities and local experts Identification of needs and concerns in the village Technical and environmental aspects Building regulations and requirements 32

33 Workshop with the participants Prototyping the school s playground 33

34 Case 2: Drottninghög, Helsingborg Client The municipality of Helsingborg Project Public space project Purpose of the project to deliver a green public space with urban agriculture facilities for the residential area of Drottninghög. 34

35 Objectives for the participation process To create an interactive dialogue process to spread information, consult, identify problems and reach a consensus on solutions. To formalize stakeholder participation in the project organization. To enhance the quality of decisions and project outcomes. To identify all positive and negative aspects perceived by the stakeholders, including environmental, economic and social aspects. 35

36 Approach Collaborative participatory approach among internal and external project stakeholders. Inclusive and shared decision-making Normative and substantive Early participation in the planning and design phases Focus group and public consultation 36

37 Stakeholders Local authorities Community organizations Residents Consultants Municipal administrations Designers Planners Media 37

38 CONSULTATION MEETINGS 38

39 Field study and site visits Inspiration from existing urban agriculture projects Idea generation 39

40 Workshop with the focus group SWOT analysis 40

41 Workshop with focus group Mapping Visioning through collage 41

42 Workshop with focus group Model building 42

43 Workshop with focus group Prototype Testing ideas 43

44 Stakeholder analysis 44

45 Stakeholder participation plan 1. Define the team (Establish the process team that will conduct the participation process, their roles and responsibilities) 2. Define the objectives for the participation process in relation to the development project 3. Determine the scope of the process (approach and level of involvement in the decision making process) 4. Identify and analyze the stakeholders and determine who should be involved and why 5. Define the appropriate tools for the participation process 6. Plan the process in relation to the different stages of the property development process (Eg; planning, design, implementation, operation) 7. Promote the event (Identify the means of communication that will be used to invite the stakeholders to the participation activities) 45

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