1 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

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1 1 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

2 Introduction Civil Services are some of the few best ways to serve the country to make it a better place. In the era of Good Governance, where each citizen is expected to contribute through more than one way for the betterment of the society, civil services are required to ensure the rule compliance by the society members and maintain its conformity to the overall objective of the policy and programs of the Government. Even in the era of LPG (Liberalisation Privatisation Globalisation), importance of Civil Services has emerged as the largest institution to ensure the neutral execution of policy and programs. Union Public Service Commission conducts the Civil Services Exam every year to recruit the officers for All India Services and the Central Civil Services. It is the most prestigious exam at the all India level and hence is one of the hardest nuts to crack in one s life. The Civil Services Preliminary Test is the first stage of examination and is considered the toughest as well as easiest among them. The basic purpose of this e-book is to restrain the students from the rumours surrounding the civil services exam and they could start their preparation in a right direction. This E-Book gives an orientation to the Civil Services aspirants so that they can understand the whole process of evolution inside out needed for the success in the examination. The approach is to make little modifications in the psyche of the candidates so that they can understand what exactly is needed to qualify the Civil Services Preliminary Exam. The examination requires a frame of mind which remains independent of the questions asked in previous years exams. Hence generally we hear that once a candidate qualifies the Preliminary Exam then it becomes very easy for him/her to qualify again. This e-book guide the candidates to build that frame of mind throw Tips and Strategies, Previous year questions, IAS Toppers tips and the details given related to each and every aspect of the civil services preliminary exam. Jagranjosh.com wishes the candidates all the very best of luck! Copyright Jagranjosh.com All rights reserved. No part or the whole of this ebook may be copied, reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted and/or cited anywhere in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the written permission of the copyright owner. If any misconduct comes in knowledge or brought in notice, strict action will be taken. Disclaimer Readers are requested to verify/cross-check up to their satisfaction themselves about the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. If any miss-happening, ill result, mass depletion or any similar incident occurs due to any information cited or referenced in this e-book, Editor, Director/s, employees of Jagranjosh.com can t be held liable/responsible in any matter whatsoever. No responsibilities lie as well in case of the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. 2 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

3 Contents INTRODUCTION... 2 CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIA... 8 History... 8 Evolution of Civil Services in India before Independence... 9 Evolution of Civil Services in India after Independence Why Civil Services as a Career? How to become Civil Servant All India Services Union Public Service Commission State Public Service Commissions ABOUT THE EXAMINATION Number of Applications Number of Candidates Appeared Candidates Interviewed Candidates Recommended Reserve List Highlights of Civil Services Examination, Women Candidate Persons with Disabilities Interviews Indian Languages in the Main Examination Applicants to Posts Ratio Recommended to Post Ratio Scheme of Examination IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

4 Notification Preliminary Test Syllabus for IAS Preliminary Test General Studies Paper I General Studies Paper II (CSAT) Syllabus for IAS Main Exam Qualifying Papers on Indian Language and English General Studies Paper I - Syllabus General Studies Paper II - Syllabus General Studies Paper III - Syllabus General Studies Paper IV - Syllabus Optional Subject Personality Test HOW TO PREPARE FOR IAS EXAM Previous Year Question Paper Interdisciplinary Approach Plan to Prepare Revision is the Key Best Way to Prepare Sustain Motivation Stress Management Food-Habits HOW TO PREPARE GENERAL STUDIES PAPER I Perspective building Evolving Trend Understanding Syllabus Current Events of National and International Importance How to Study Current Affairs? Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions The History of India and Indian National Movement Ancient History Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

5 Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Art and Culture Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Medieval India Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Indian National Movement Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions India and World Geography Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Indian Polity and Governance Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Economic and Social Development, Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions General Issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-Diversity and Climate Change IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

6 Tips to Prepare Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions General Science Questions of 2015 Number of Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions HOW TO PREPARE GENERAL STUDIES PAPER II IAS Prelims General Studies Paper II CSAT 2015 Question Paper Reading Comprehension Strategy to tackle the Questions Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Decision Making Strategy for tackling decision making questions: Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Data Interpretation Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions Basic Numeracy (Secondary Standard) Questions of 2014 Number of Questions Questions of 2013 Number of Questions Questions of 2012 Number of Questions Questions of 2011 Number of Questions APPROACH TO IAS PRELIMINARY IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

7 Time Management Ideal Plan How to set deadlines? How to divide the day? What to read and how to read for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper I General Studies Paper II What not to read? Criteria to decide Develop Habit of Avoidance Criteria for deciding Study Material How to use Internet for the preparation? Revision Tips Sustain Your Motivation Is joining the Coaching Indispensable? Health Tips TIPS FROM IAS TOPPERS Ira Singhal, Rank 1, Nishant Jain, Rank 13, Topper in Hindi Medium Ananya Mittal, Rank 42, Aditya Ranjan, Rank 99, Munish Sharma, 2 nd Rank, IAS Dr.Roman Saini, 18 th Rank, IAS Rishav Gupta, 37 th Rank, IAS Varun Sharma, 155 th Rank, IAS Raghavendra Singh, 12 th Rank, IAS Debasweta Banik, 14 th Rank, IAS Priyanka Niranjan, 20 th Rank, IAS Rajkamal Yadav, 21 st Rank, IAS Tips from Toppers of IAS Nitika Pawar, 18 th Rank, IAS Tips from IAS Toppers R V Varun, 3 rd Rank, IAS Ajay Prakash, 9 th Rank, IAS Samarth Verma, 61 st Rank, IAS IAS PRELIMS 2016: FAQS IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

8 Civil Services in India Civil Service is a heaven born service. In the eyes of a common man District Collector is the government. Civil Services are as old as our civilization. Civilizations sustain due to the timely and effective provisions of civil services. Most probably, Civil Services as a career started with the monetization of the economic system or earlier when the barter system was in existence. History The Civil Service concept in India dates back to ancient times. It had its presence in Aryan s administrative system to the Kautilya's Arthashastra to Gupta age to Mughals and Britishers and still it is relevant for easy and smooth functioning of government. The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya 326 B.C.E. The system was of centralized bureaucracy so that the operation of the state and a bureaucratic taxation system that financed public services can be moved without obstacles. The administrative network consisted of a higher bureaucracy recruited mainly from the upper castes category, and thus attracted high status and handsome salaries. The recruitment method was not well defined. The lower bureaucracy was recruited on local basis so that they can be more aware of the ground realities and can implement the programs and policies impressively. The upper bureaucracy had a largely managerial function. The administration mainly revolves around revenue administration. Land was used to act as an asset and land revenue acted as the prime source of treasure, which could have been used for social welfare. This bureaucratic system founded by Kautilyas, Chandragupta and Ashoka was adopted by the successive emperors of the Guptas. A very unique feature of the Gupta administration was that instead of salary in cash, it was paid in kind i.e. in the form of land. Only personnel of the military service were paid cash salaries. A new stage in the evolution of the administrative order came at the time of Delhi Sultanate. To consolidate authority and control over conquered area, a new class of civil servants had been set up. The Mughals tried to create a centralized bureaucracy as opposed to old feudal systems to administer the huge empire ranging from north to 8 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

9 south. The Mughal government brought new methods of administration based on Persian administrative models and practices. Officials (Muslims) were organized in military ranks. They were ranked and paid according to the number of troops they commanded. Fewer officials now were given lands instead they were paid through nonheritable revenues thus making this new warrior elite dependent on the Great Mughal. This was known as the Mansabdari system. The British had set the civil services on the scientific terms to demarcate between civilian and military officers which were missing in Mughal era. The recruitment process was however on the patronage basis according to the will of the court of Directors who usually nominated their friends and relatives for the services. The novel idea of 'open competition' for recruitment was proposed by the Macaulay Committee which was listed as Charter Act of Finally, a merit based system based on open competitive examination set up along with the new system of cadre based Civil Services. Evolution of Civil Services in India before Independence By 1765, the term Civil Servant came to be used in the company s official records. Lord Cornwallis is known as the Father of Civil Services in India. He introduced Covenant Civil Lord Cornwallis is known as the Father of Civil Services in India. He introduced Covenant Civil Services (Higher Civil Services) which were different from the Uncovenanted Civil Services (Lower Civil Services).The Former was created by the Law of the Company, while later was not created by the law of the company. Services (Higher Civil Services) which were different from the Un-covenanted Civil Services (Lower Civil Services).The Former was created by the Law of the Company, while later was not created by the law of the company. After the revolt of 1857, there were many reforms in India which transferred all powers to crown. There were reforms in civil services appointments as well, which were done to increase support for British government in India among elites and educated population. Charter Act of 1853 abolished the patronage system and introduced the system of open Competition as the basis of selection of Civil Services. Indian Civil 9 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

10 Services Act of 1861 provided the reservation of certain principal posts for the members of the covenanted services. According to the act, any Indian or European may be appointed to any of the office, provided that he had resided in India for last 7 years. Satyendranath Tagore was the first Indian ICS officer. Indian Civil Services Act of 1870 went for the Indianisation of the Civil Services. Later the Aitchison Commission recommended the Civil Services to be trifurcated into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate Civil Services. To increase the representation of local people in the services, the Provincial Civil Service was constituted on the basis of the recommendation of Aitchison Commission in the last decade of 19 th century. The recruitment of Provincial Civil Service was made partly by promoting officers from the Subordinate Civil Service and partly by direct recruitment. Looking at the demand of people, Edwin Montague s August declaration in 1917 recommended increasing the representation of the Indian population in civil services. By 1934, the administration was divided into seven All India Services. The Indian Civil Services was dominated by Indians from the third decade of 20 th century till the independence. After independence, the services came to be known as Indian Civil Services. Evolution of Civil Services in India after Independence After independence, India retained the civil services structure of pre-independent India. Article 312 of the Indian Constitution empowered the Parliament to create the All India Services, whenever required in the national interest. The objective was to preserve unity and integrity of the nation through unified structure and standards of administration. There have been number of reforms in terms of recruitment, training and functions of civil services in India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel regarded as the Father of Indian Civil Service because he advocated the adoption of the All-India Services in independent India. 10 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

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1 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide

1 IAS Prelims 2016 : A Complete Guide Introduction Civil Services are some of the few best ways to serve the country to make it a better place. In the era of Good Governance, where each citizen is expected