MID-RISE APARTMENT BUILDING PROTOTYPE PHIUS - WUFI PASSIVE

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1 MID-RISE APARTMENT BUILDING PROTOTYPE PHIUS - WUFI PASSIVE 50 kbtu/sf/yr 40 kbtu/sf/yr 30 kbtu/sf/yr 20 kbtu/sf/yr 10 kbtu/sf/yr 0 kbtu/sf/yr 45.1 Baseline 13.0 High Performance 15.5 PHIUS - IES 25.2 PHIUS - WUFI PV Genera on Poten al 10.8 kbtu/ 2/yr This building is modeled to the Passive House Institute US standard utilizing the WUFI Passive software. As modeled, the building does not achieve the Passive House standard primary energy target, or net-zero energy. The 25.2 kbtu/sf/yr demand exceeds the energy use limit of 10.8 kbtu/sf/yr determined by the production capacity of on-site generation. PROJECT INFORMATION Mid-Rise Prototype 41 Units: 2, 3 BR 135 Residents 11.7 DHW gpd/person@140f 19.9 cfm/person continuous ventilation (0.3 ACH) Area Conditioned Floor Area (icfa) 53,340 ft2 Roof: 14,093 ft2 Exterior Wall: 18,507 ft2 Window & glass doors: 6,741 ft2 Opaque Doors: 0 ft2 Window to Wall ratio: 36.4% Surface area/volume ratio: 0.09 Location and Climate Minneapolis, Minnesota Climate Zone 6 HDD: 8217 CDD: 831 SPECIFICATIONS Passive House Equipment Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heating COP: 2.5 Cooling COP: 5 Ventilation: 80% SRE heat recovery and 0.7 W/cfm Lighting Power Density: W/ft2 Equipment Power Density: W/ft2 Nat. Gas Storage Water Heater: 480g, 0.95EF The specifications as modeled meets five of six of the PHIUS Standard targets for climate zone six. It failed to meet the target for primary energy despite relatively low heating and cooling demand. The Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) and lighting are untouchable loads, determined by PHIUS calculators and contribute to the higher primary energy use. Passive House Envelope Roof: R-96 Wall: R-45 Floor slab: R-16 Whole-window U-0.21, Curtainwall U-0.33 Infiltration: 0.05 cfm50/sf (0.30 ACH50) Minnesota Sustainable Housing Initiative Multi-Family Housing High Performance Prototypes 2017 Regents of the University of Minnesota, Center For Sustainable Building Research

2 MID-RISE APARTMENT BUILDING PROTOTYPE PHIUS - WUFI PASSIVE PROJECT INFORMATION Mid-Rise Prototype 41 Units: 2, 3 BR 135 Residents 11.7 DHW gpd/person@140f 19.9 cfm/person continuous ventilation (0.3 ACH) The passive house program emphasizes the utilization of solar heat gain to lower overall heating energy loads. The multifamily buildings modeled heating and cooling loads make up only 20% - 24% of total loads as compared to 50% or more for conventional buildings. The R-value of 45 for the exterior wall and a whole window U-value of 0.15 modeled could be lowered and still achieve the targets. Ventilation is the biggest source of heat loss (below left) in the winter energy balance. As suggested previously, lower R-values could be effective, and while windows are not a significant source of heat gain, they are a significant source of heat loss. This pattern of consumption suggests that the building is internally load dominated. Area Conditioned Floor Area (icfa) 53,340 ft2 Roof: 14,093 ft2 Exterior Wall: 18,507 ft2 Window & glass doors: 6,741 ft2 Opaque Doors: 0 ft2 Window to Wall ratio: 36.4% Surface area/volume ratio: 0.09 Location and Climate Minneapolis, Minnesota Climate Zone 6 HDD: 8217 CDD: 831 SPECIFICATIONS Passive House Equipment Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heating COP: 2.5 Cooling COP: 5 Ventilation: 80% SRE heat recovery and 0.7 W/cfm Lighting Power Density: W/ft2 Equipment Power Density: W/ft2 Nat. Gas Storage Water Heater: 480g, 0.95EF Passive House Envelope Roof: R-96 Wall: R-45 Floor slab: R-16 Whole-window U-0.21, Curtainwall U-0.33 Infiltration: 0.05 cfm50/sf (0.30 ACH50) Minnesota Sustainable Housing Initiative Multi-Family Housing High Performance Prototypes 2017 Regents of the University of Minnesota, Center For Sustainable Building Research

3 Fuel Summary Property Weather: Mid Rise PHIUS WUFI Mid Rise PHIUS WUFI.blg Organization Building Knowledge, Inc Patrick OMalley Builder HERS Projected Rating 12/27/17 Rater ID: Annual Energy Cost Natural gas 2872 Electric Annual End-Use Cost Heating 4545 Cooling 1939 Water Heating 2872 Lights & Appliances Photovoltaics -0 Service Charge Total Annual End-Use Consumption Heating (kwh) Cooling (kwh) Water Heating (Therms) 3191 Lights & Appliances (kwh) Total (Therms) 3191 Total (kwh) Annual Energy Demands kw Heating 65.5 Cooling 17.4 Water Heating (Winter Peak) 0.0 Water Heating (Summer Peak) 0.0 Lights & Appliances (Winter Peak) 16.8 Lights & Appliances (Summer Peak) 38.2 Total Winter Peak 82.3 Total Summer Peak 55.6 Utility Rates Electricity Xcel Elec $.090 Natural Gas Xcel Energy Gas This information does not constitute any warranty of energy cost or savings Noresco, Boulder, Colorado.

4 Property Home Energy Rating Certificate HERS Rating Type: Projected Rating Certified Energy Rater: Patrick OMalley Rating Date: 12/27/17 Rating Number: Registry ID: Projected Rating: Based on Plans - Field Confirmation Required. HERS Index: 32 Efficient Home Comparison: 68% Better General Information Conditioned Area sq. ft. House Type Multi-family, whole building Conditioned Volume cubic ft. Foundation Slab Bedrooms 104 Mechanical Systems Features Heating: Air-source heat pump, Electric, 2.5 COP. Cooling: Air conditioner, Electric, 5.0 COP. Water Heating: Conventional, Natural gas, 0.95 EF, Gal. Duct Leakage to Outside NA Ventilation System Balanced: HRV, 2984 cfm, watts. Programmable Thermostat Heat=Yes; Cool=Yes Building Shell Features Ceiling Flat R-96.0 Slab R-16.0 Edge, R-16.0 Under Sealed Attic NA Exposed Floor NA Vaulted Ceiling NA Window Type U-Value: 0.210, SHGC: Above Grade Walls R-47.0 Infiltration Rate Htg: 0.30 Clg: 0.30 ACH50 Foundation Walls NA Method Blower door test Lights and Appliance Features Percent Interior Lighting Range/Oven Fuel Electric Percent Exterior Lighting Clothes Dryer Fuel Electric Refrigerator (kwh/yr) 550 Clothes Dryer EF 3.01 Dishwasher (kwh/yr) 270 Ceiling Fan (cfm/watt) 0.00 Estimated Annual Energy Cost Use MMBtu Cost Percent Heating $ % Cooling 66.6 $1779 4% Hot Water $2872 7% Lights/Appliances $ % Photovoltaics -0.0 $-0-0% Service Charges $ % Total $ % Criteria This home meets or exceeds the minimum criteria for the following: EPA ENERGY STAR Version 3 Home EPA ENERGY STAR Version 3.1 Home 2009 International Energy Conservation Code 2012 International Energy Conservation Code Building Knowledge PO Box 1376 Burnsville MN This information does not constitute any warranty of energy cost or savings Noresco, Boulder, Colorado. The Home Energy Rating Standard Disclosure for this home is available from the rating provider.

5 HERS PERFORMANCE ENERGY RATING CERTIFICATE Projected Rating: Based on Plans - Field Confirmation Required. 32 Estimated Annual Energy Cost Estimated Annual Energy Consumption ,352 Heating 1,779 2,872 Cooling Water Heating 18,720 Lights & App 0 Photovoltaics 12,480 Service Charge 40,202 Total MMBtu/yr Heating 67.0 Cooling Water Heating Lights & App 0.0 Photovoltaics Total Address House Type Multi-family, whole building Cond. Area sq. ft. Rating No. Issue Date December 28, 2017 Certification Inspected and Tested Annual Estimates* Electric(kWh): Natural gas(therms): 3191 C02 emissions(tons): 209 Annual Savings**: $69315 * Based on standard operating conditions ** Based on a HERS 130 Index Home Building Knowledge PO Box 1376 Certified Rater Patrick OMalley Rater ID Registry ID Rating Date 12/27/17 This information does not constitute any warranty of energy cost or savings Noresco, Boulder, Colorado. The Home Energy Rating Standard Disclosure for this home is available from the rating provider.