Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Systems in Educational Facilities
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1 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Systems in Educational Facilities Presenter: Larry M. Stoff, PE, LEED AP BD+C Director of Mechanical Engineering
2 What We Will Talk About Today 1. What is a TES system 2. Types of TES systems 3. Benefits of a TES system for an educational facility 4. General design consideration
3 Some Key Terms Electrical Demand The instantaneous maximum amount of electrical energy that is being consumed at a given time. Peak/Off-Peak Times Utility specified times of high/low electrical demand (Day/Night). Chillers Refrigeration Machines that chill water used for building air conditioning/cooling. Glycol Antifreeze
4 What is a TES System? A Thermal Energy Storage System (TES) utilizes standard cooling equipment in conjunction with storage equipment to shift a building s cooling needs to off peak/night times. A. Is similar to a battery for cooling needs.
5 What is a TES System? Why use a TES system: A. Energy at nighttime can be cheaper and incentivized by utility companies. B. Proper design can allow for a significant level of redundancy/safety in a chiller plant.
6 Types and Components of TES systems Two main types of cooling based thermal energy storage systems: Chilled Water TES Ice TES
7 Types and Components of TES systems CHIILLED WATER THERMAL STORAGE Chilled water is produced, via a chiller plant, at night and stored in a large chilled water storage tank. Chilled water storage is usually found to be a suitable solution for large cooling storage needs. Usually large footprint. Design and operation can be very involved. Specialty fluids are not needed (i.e. glycol). University of Central Florida TES Tank ; DN Tanks Stratified Chilled Water Storage Tank ; Cypress, LTD.
8 Types and Components of TES systems CHIILLED WATER THERMAL STORAGE Typical Components are very similar to a standard CEP/Chiller plant: Chillers. Pumps (primary and secondary loops). Chilled water treatment, piping, accessories and valving. Chilled water storage tanks.
9 Types and Components of TES systems ICE THERMAL STORAGE At night the chiller plant is run at low temperatures to make ice. During the day/peak times, the ice is slowly melted and used to distribute chilled water for cooling needs. Ice Making temperatures are below the freezing point of water. This often requires: Chiller Accessories. A Glycol Mixture (Antifreeze), and a separation of primary and secondary loops (requires a heat exchanger).
10 Types and Components of TES systems ICE THERMAL STORAGE Components include: Chillers Pumps (primary and secondary pumps) Chilled water treatment, piping, accessories and valving Heat exchanger (Isolating primary/secondary) Ice Tanks Trane.com Calmac.com
11 Types and Components of TES systems ICE THERMAL STORAGE
12 Benefits of an Ice TES System Redundancy and operational benefits Can allow for extra/redundant capacity in the event of chiller failure or maintenance. Chillers run at night (full shift) which can be beneficial for noise concerns. Chiller Maintenance ; Georgia State University
13 Benefits of an Ice TES System ENERGY COST SAVINGS! HOW? Electrical demand reduction Utility incentives and TOU rates Calmac.com Understanding Demand ; Think Energy
14 Calmac.com Benefits of an Ice TES System
15 Utility Incentives They often offer Rebate programs for the initial/first cost ($/ton or $ per KW). Many utility companies offer time of use rate (TOU) structures Cost of a fully replaced CEP and ice storage components have an average 5 year payback with cooling load savings. FPL - CURRENT GSLD-1 RATES ON PEAK - CONSTANT RATE Usage ( /kwh) Demand ($/kw) 1.43 $9.47 FPL - CURRENT GSLDT-1 (TOU) RATES ON PEAK OFF PEAK Usage ( /kwh) Demand ($/kw) Usage ( /kwh) Demand ($/kw) 2.38 $ Note: This specific information is based on FPL and may differ by utility.
16 Chillers Are de-rated anywhere from 20%- 40% of nominal/ahri tonnage ratings when in ice making mode. Efficiency during ice making drops slightly. Is often offset by Condenser relief. Ability to make ice in the allotted offpeak timeframe (hours). Heat Exchangers (HX) Approach General Design Considerations
17 General Design Considerations Tank Considerations Sizing and discharge curves. Static balancing with dynamic flow situations. (Reverse Return). Footprint and configurations. Pumping Considerations Consider variable speed pumps on both primary and secondary loops. Make sure performance selection accounts for multiple pumps, and primary side glycol (different density than water).
18 General Design Considerations Cost There are different options in implementing this technology. Controls and Trending Commissioning Automation Services ; Aire Dynamics Chiller Plant Control ; Trane
19 Thank You! & Questions?
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