GEO BON All hands meeting 3-6 December, 2012 Asilomar

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1 GEO BON All hands meeting 3-6 December, 2012 Asilomar Freshwater Ecosystems Change Working Group (WG4)

2 1. Candidate deliverables 2. Objectives for the meeting 3. Breakout session agenda 4. WG4 people

3 WG4 Deliverables for Global Wetlands Observing System (GWOS) 2. State of the Worlds Wetlands and Ecosystem Services report (SoWW) 3. Atlas of Freshwater Biodiversity 4. Global map of wetland extent 5. Citizen-science protocol to support earth observations of freshwater ecosystems 6. GEO BON Handbook chapter 7. Special considerations for freshwater biodiversity

4 Deliverable 1: GWOS

5 Deliverable 1: GWOS State of the World s Wetlands Reports GWOS Watershed Health Index

Deliverable 2: State of the Worlds Wetlands Report Wetland vital statistics inland Wetland extent and trends All peatlands Temperate & boreal

inland - global Total area (year): c. xxx million hectares Regional distribution: Distribution: inland - global Total area (year): c.

1 million hectares [Page et al 2010] Regional distribution: 56% in South-east Asia; most in Indonesia Distribution: inland - global Total area

xxx million hectares Regional distribution: Global area trend: Regional area trends: Decreasing rapidly SE Asia; stable Europe & N America Rate of

6 Deliverable 2: State of the Worlds Wetlands Report Wetland vital statistics inland Wetland extent and trends All peatlands Temperate & boreal peatlands Tropical peatswamp forest Temperate & boreal peatlands SE Asia S America Africa Central America/Caribbean Asia (excl SE) Distribution: inland - global Total area (year): c. xxx million hectares Regional distribution: Distribution: inland - global Total area (year): c. xxx million hectares Regional distribution: Distribution: inland - tropical Total area (year): 44.1 million hectares [Page et al 2010] Regional distribution: 56% in South-east Asia; most in Indonesia Distribution: inland - global Total area (year): c. xxx million hectares Regional distribution: Global area trend: Regional area trends: Decreasing rapidly SE Asia; stable Europe & N America Rate of changes: unknown Global area trend: Regional area trends: Rate of changes: unknown Global area trend: Regional area trends: Decreasing rapidly SE Asia (43% of original SE Asia area lost by 2000); elsewhere trend unknown Rate of changes: Borneo: -2.2% per year in 2000s ; elsewhere unknown Global area trend: Regional area trends: Rate of changes: unknown

Annual rate of change % Million ha Deliverable 2: State of the Worlds Wetlands Report Mangroves losses continue but

Although globally, and in most regions, rates of loss have slowed since the 1990s, in Asia mangrove losses have

23 million hectares North & Central America 15% Asia 38% Africa 21% Despite accelerating losses, the largest mangrove

Other major mangrove areas are northern South and central America, west and east Africa and the Red Sea.

7 Annual rate of change % Million ha Deliverable 2: State of the Worlds Wetlands Report Mangroves losses continue but have slowed except in Asia Mangroves are tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal wetlands delivering many very valuable benefits to people. Yet mangroves continue to be destroyed and converted to other, often single-sector land-uses. Although globally, and in most regions, rates of loss have slowed since the 1990s, in Asia mangrove losses have accelerated again in the 2000s. Global mangrove distribution Total mangrove area (2005): million hectares North & Central America 15% Asia 38% Africa 21% Despite accelerating losses, the largest mangrove resource remains in Asia, which together with Oceania holds over 50% of mangrove area. Other major mangrove areas are northern South and central America, west and east Africa and the Red Sea. Largest national areas are in Indonesia, Trends in mangrove area Globally, mangroves are continuing to decline in area, at a rate of almost 0.7% per year (a loss of over 100,000 hectares annually), but that rate of loss has slowed compared with over 1% per year in the 1980s. Since the 1980s, rates of mangrove loss have slowed in most regions in which mangroves occur, but rapid losses are continuing in both North & Central America and in Asia, where losses have accelerated sharply again in the 2000s. Wetland extent and trends Global mangrove area Mangrove extent: annual rate of change Africa Asia North & Central America Oceania South America

Deliverable 2: State of the Worlds Wetlands Report Mangroves multiple drivers are reducing peoples access to

forests sustain more than 70 direct human activities, ranging from fuelwood collection to artisanal fisheries;

Drivers of change and their consequences Main drivers of the continuing mangrove losses are recognised as

fuelwood, and in some regions drought and deterioration in upstream hydrology.

value of mangrove ecosystem services varies, but can be very high for example: Thailand: mangrove coastline

contribution of mangroves to the economy very high - $27,000-35,000/hectare; Sri Lanka: mangrove storm

three-quarters of which is accounted for by their contribution to lagoonal and near-shore coastal fisheries.

[add TEEB findings values and implications of losses] Implications for future delivery of services and

for carbon storage and co-benefits to communities Conversion of intact mangroves to single-sector use such as

In Thailand, benefit values of intact mangroves over a 30-year period were over 3.

8 Deliverable 2: State of the Worlds Wetlands Report Mangroves multiple drivers are reducing peoples access to their many services Wetland extent and trends Mangroves deliver big benefits and values to people Mangrove forests sustain more than 70 direct human activities, ranging from fuelwood collection to artisanal fisheries; from nursery areas for pelagic fisheries to storm surge protection and carbon storage and sequestration. Drivers of change and their consequences Main drivers of the continuing mangrove losses are recognised as conversion to aquaculture ponds and agriculture, industrial, urban and tourism expansion, overharvesting for fuelwood, and in some regions drought and deterioration in upstream hydrology. Their relative ecosystem services value is the highest of all coastal ecosystems [MA/DFN report] The economic value of mangrove ecosystem services varies, but can be very high for example: Thailand: mangrove coastline protection and stabilisation services up to $3,000/ha/year, and carbon sequestration about $100/ha/year; total contribution of mangroves to the economy very high - $27,000-35,000/hectare; Sri Lanka: mangrove storm protection - almost $80/hectare/year before the 2004 tsunami; overall over $1,000/ha/year, about three-quarters of which is accounted for by their contribution to lagoonal and near-shore coastal fisheries. Vietnam: net present value of mangroves in protecting against extreme weather events - around $50/hectare. [add TEEB findings values and implications of losses] Implications for future delivery of services and response needs Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Restoring for carbon storage and co-benefits to communities Conversion of intact mangroves to single-sector use such as aquaculture ponds, whilst providing short-term private gain, greatly reduces their total economic value. In Thailand, benefit values of intact mangroves over a 30-year period were over 3.5 times higher than when converted for shrimp farming. [Source: Balmford et al Science] Overall ecosystem services value foregone from mangrove losses (3.56 million hectares) since 1980 may be as high as $124 billion.

9 Deliverable 3: Global Atlas of Freshwater Biodiversity

10 Deliverable 4: A global map of wetland extent Global maps exist but they are not suitable for tracking changes in extent

11 Deliverable 5: A citizen science protocol Volunteer based ground truthing can greatly improve the accuracy and precision of remotely sensing product for earth observations.

12 WG4 objectives for the meeting 1. Building a network for GWOS within GEO BON: (WGs, regional BONs and other resources) 2. Strategies to address key gaps Meeting remote sensing needs Citizen science work Ecosystem services 3. Improving the functioning of WG 4

13 Breakout session agenda for day 2 (Tuesday) 1. 8:20-10:00 Building GWOS (deliverable1) 2. 10:30-12:00 State of the Worlds wetlands and Ecosystem Services / Global Wetlands Outlook (deliverable 2) Global map of wetland extent (deliverable 4) 3. 13:30-15:00 Global freshwater biodiversity atlas (deliverable 3) 4. 15:30-17:00 Join other sessions

14 Breakout session agenda for day 3 (Wednesday) 1. 8:30-10:00 Citizen Science (deliverable 5) 2. 10:30-12:00 Handbook (deliverable 6) Additional candidate deliverables 3. 13:0-15:00 Tasks table for progressing deliverables (timelines, resources etc.) Recap for reporting back 4. 15:30-17:00 Work on specific deliverables Join remote sensing parallel session or other sessions

15 Summary of some of the information in the deliverable templates Deliverable Users Partners Inputs 1- GWOS Established Ramsar, CI, IGOs, NGOs GEOBON WG 3, 4,5,6,8 Ramsar, WI, CI, BioFRESH, FADA, IUCN, DIVERSITAS, WWF, UNEP-WCMC, TNC, NatureServe, USGS,ESA, NASA, CBD, GBIF, Earthwatch, GLEON, AP-BON 1) Global maps of wetland extent; 2) Inventory of databases, datasets; 3) Inventory of user requirements; 4) Detailed database design; 5) Infrastructure for data portal; 6) On-line occurrence Database; 7) data mobilisation plan. 2 Draft SoWW Report Ramsar, CBD, CMS, IGOs. NGOs GEO BON WG 5,6,7,9, AP-BON, GEO Water Cycle 1) Stakeholder analysis; 2) State of wetland ecosystems; 3) Ecosystem services; 4) Pressures on wetlands; 5) Modelling of impacts of future scenarios on wetlands, their values and services 3 Atlas of freshwater Biodiversity Interested public, scientists, research and educational institutions, IGOs GEO BON, WG 1, 2 AP-BON, DIVERSITAS, GWSP, Ramsar, WWF,WI, IUCN, BOKU, IGB, Maps showing 1) Freshwater biodiversity present, past and forecasts for the future; 2) drivers and pressures; 3) Freshwater resources; 4) Freshwater ecosystems 5) Management. 4 - Wetland extent map CBD, Ramsar, IGOs, Space agencies Remote sensing experts within GEO BON, AP-BON, Ramsar, IGOs, government agencies, space agencies Maps for: 1) mangroves; 2) Sea grasses; 3) Tropical coral reefs 4) Estuaries;. 5) Saltmarshes; 6) Shelfish reefs; 7) Peatlands; 8) Irrigated rice fields 9) Dams & reservoirs 1O) Natural lakes 11) Other inland wetland types 12) Other studies/wetland LPI. 13) Composite/all wetland types 5 - Citizen Science protocol Citizen science and volunteer groups WG6, RSPB/BLI, AP BON, EarthWatch, WI, Ramsar, NASA, ESA, Ramsar, CI, Biofresh, 1) Global maps of wetland extent. 2) review of relevant citizen science projects 3) Inventory of databases 4) Communication strategy 5) Case studies 6) 6 Handbook Chapter 7 CBD, Ramsar, NGOs, IGOs, NRM agencies, decision makers. BioFRESH, Ramsar, NASA, ESA, WI, CI, IUCN 1) A review of advances in freshwater ecology and biomonitoring. 2) review of existing networks and systems. 3)Description of existing occurrence data. 4) Review of relevant remote sensing resources. 5)

16 WG4 people Co-leads: Eren Turak (Australia), Ian Harrison (USA) Primary contacts for discussing WG4 deliverables during the meeting 1. GWOS, Eren Turak, Aaike de Wever (Belgium) 2. SoWW: Szabolcs Nagy (Netherlands), Stephan Flink (Netherlands) 3. Global Atlas: Jörg Freyhof (Germany), Aaike de Wever 4. Global map of wetland extent: Stephan Flink, Szabolcs Nagy 5. Citizen-science protocol: Nicolas Tubbs (UK), Eren Turak 6. GEO BON Handbook chapter 7: Eren Turak Also attending: Shin-Ichi Nakano (Japan), Aventino Kasangaki (Uganda) Apologies: David Dudgeon (China, Hong Kong), Robin Abell (USA), Carmen Revenga (USA), Peter McIntyre (USA), Lu Cai (China) Jeanne Nel (South Africa), Sebastien Miazza (Swizterland)

Executive Summary. Seagrass beds in the Mediterranean Sea. M.A. Mateo.

Executive Summary. Seagrass beds in the Mediterranean Sea. M.A. Mateo. Executive Summary Many natural environments contain large stores of carbon laid down by vegetation and other natural processes over centuries. If these ecosystems are degraded or damaged by human activities,